SBIR/STTR 2003-1਀ National Aeronautics and Space Administration਀ ਀ SMALL BUSINESS਀䤀一一伀嘀䄀吀䤀伀一 刀䔀匀䔀䄀刀䌀䠀 ⠀匀䈀䤀刀⤀ &਀匀䴀䄀䰀䰀 䈀唀匀䤀一䔀匀匀 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER (STTR)਀ Program Solicitations਀ ਀伀瀀攀渀椀渀最 䐀愀琀攀㨀 䨀甀氀礀 㜀Ⰰ ㈀　　㌀ Closing Date: September 9, 2003਀ ਀ An electronic version of this document਀椀猀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀戀椀爀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀 ਀ Cover: NASA inspires future generations. Breakthrough propulsion technologies and bioscience are two innovative research and development arenas, supported in these Solicitations, that will help extend mankind's physical presence beyond his home planet.਀ Cover design: Dr. James Kalshoven and Debbi McLean of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ਀  TABLE OF CONTENTS ਀㄀⸀  倀爀漀最爀愀洀 䐀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀ऀ㄀ 1.1 Introduction 1਀㄀⸀㈀ 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 䄀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀礀ऀ㄀ 1.3 Program Management 1਀㄀⸀㐀 吀栀爀攀攀ⴀ倀栀愀猀攀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀ऀ㈀ 1.5 Eligibility Requirements 3਀㄀⸀㘀 䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀ऀ㐀 2. Definitions 5਀㈀⸀㄀ 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀ऀ㔀 2.2 Cooperative R/R&D Agreement 5਀㈀⸀㌀  䌀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀爀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀ऀ㔀 2.4 Essentially Equivalent Work 5਀㈀⸀㔀  䘀甀渀搀椀渀最 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀ऀ㔀 2.6 HUBZone-Owned SBC 5਀㈀⸀㜀  䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀ऀ㘀 2.8 Intellectual Property 6਀㈀⸀㤀  刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀ऀ㘀 2.10 Research or Research and Development (R/R&D) 6਀㈀⸀㄀㄀ 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䐀愀琀愀ऀ㘀 2.12 SBIR/STTR Technical Data Rights 6਀㈀⸀㄀㌀ 匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䌀漀渀挀攀爀渀ऀ㘀 2.14 Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Individual 7਀㈀⸀㄀㔀 匀漀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀氀礀 䐀椀猀愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀搀 匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䌀漀渀挀攀爀渀ऀ㜀 2.16 Subcontract 7਀㈀⸀㄀㜀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀ऀ㜀 2.18 Women-Owned Small Business 7਀㌀⸀  倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 倀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 䤀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀ऀ㜀 3.1 Fundamental Considerations 7਀㌀⸀㈀ 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀ऀ㠀 3.3 Phase II Proposal Requirements 12਀㌀⸀㐀 匀䈀䄀 䐀愀琀愀 䌀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀ऀ㄀㘀 4. Method of Selection and Evaluation Criteria 16਀㐀⸀㄀ 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀ऀ㄀㘀 4.2 Phase II Proposals 18਀㐀⸀㌀ 䐀攀戀爀椀攀昀椀渀最 漀昀 唀渀猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 伀昀昀攀爀漀爀猀ऀ㄀㤀 5. Considerations 20਀㔀⸀㄀ 䄀眀愀爀搀猀ऀ㈀　 5.2 Phase I Reporting 20਀㔀⸀㌀ 倀愀礀洀攀渀琀 匀挀栀攀搀甀氀攀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀ऀ㈀㄀ 5.4 Release of Proposal Information 21਀㔀⸀㔀 一漀渀ⴀ一䄀匀䄀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀攀爀猀ऀ㈀㄀ 5.6 Final Disposition of Proposals 21਀㔀⸀㜀 倀爀漀瀀爀椀攀琀愀爀礀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀ऀ㈀㄀ 5.8 Limited Rights Information and Data 22਀㔀⸀㤀 䌀漀猀琀 匀栀愀爀椀渀最ऀ㈀㌀ 5.10 Profit or Fee 23਀㔀⸀㄀㄀ 䨀漀椀渀琀 嘀攀渀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 䰀椀洀椀琀攀搀 倀愀爀琀渀攀爀猀栀椀瀀猀ऀ㈀㌀ 5.12 Similar Awards and Prior Work 23਀㔀⸀㄀㌀ 䌀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀漀爀 䌀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀猀ऀ㈀㌀ 5.14 Additional Information 24਀㔀⸀㄀㔀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 愀渀搀 䘀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀ऀ㈀㔀 5.16 False Statements 25਀㘀⸀  匀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀ऀ㈀㔀 6.1 Submission Requirements 25਀㘀⸀㈀ 匀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 倀爀漀挀攀猀猀ऀ㈀㘀 6.3 Technical Proposal Uploads 26਀㘀⸀㐀 䐀攀愀搀氀椀渀攀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 刀攀挀攀椀瀀琀ऀ㈀㜀 6.5 Acknowledgment of Proposal Receipt 27਀㘀⸀㘀 圀椀琀栀搀爀愀眀愀氀 漀昀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀ऀ㈀㠀 6.7 Service of Protests 28਀㜀⸀  匀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 愀渀搀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 匀漀甀爀挀攀猀ऀ㈀㤀 7.1 NASA SBIR/STTR Homepage 29਀㜀⸀㈀ 一䄀匀䄀 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 一攀琀眀漀爀欀ऀ㈀㤀 7.3 NASA Technology Utilization Services 29਀㜀⸀㐀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀 匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䄀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀ऀ㌀　 7.5 National Technical Information Service 30਀㠀⸀  匀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 䘀漀爀洀猀 愀渀搀 䌀攀爀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀ऀ㌀　 FORM A – SBIR Proposal Cover 31਀䘀伀刀䴀 䈀 ጀ†匀䈀䤀刀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀洀洀愀爀礀ऀ㌀㌀ FORM C – SBIR Summary Budget 35਀匀䈀䤀刀 䌀栀攀挀欀 䰀椀猀琀ऀ㌀㠀 FORM A – STTR Proposal Cover 39਀䘀伀刀䴀 䈀 ጀ†匀吀吀刀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀洀洀愀爀礀ऀ㐀㈀ FORM C – STTR Summary Budget 44਀䴀漀搀攀氀 䌀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 刀⼀刀☀䐀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀ऀ㐀㜀 Model Allocation of Rights Agreement 48਀匀吀吀刀 䌀栀攀挀欀 䰀椀猀琀ऀ㔀㈀ 9. Research Topics for SBIR and STTR 53਀㤀⸀㄀  匀䈀䤀刀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 吀漀瀀椀挀猀ऀ㔀㌀ 9.2 STTR Research Topics 193਀䄀瀀瀀攀渀搀椀砀 䄀㨀  倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 匀愀洀瀀氀攀 吀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 䌀漀渀琀攀渀琀猀ऀ㈀　㠀 Appendix B: Example Format for Briefing Chart 208਀             2003 NASA SBIR/STTR Program Solicitations਀ 1. Program Description਀ 1.1 Introduction਀ This document includes two NASA program solicitations with separate research areas under which small business concerns (SBCs) are invited to submit proposals: the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program and the Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) program. Program background information, eligibility requirements for participants, the three program phases, and information for submitting responsive proposals is contained herein. The 2003 Solicitation period for Phase I proposals begins July 7, 2003, and ends September 9, 2003. ਀ The purposes of the SBIR/STTR programs, as established by law, are to stimulate technological innovation in the private sector; to strengthen the role of SBCs in meeting Federal research and development needs; to increase the commercial application of these research results; and to encourage participation of socially and economically disadvantaged persons and women-owned small businesses. ਀ To be eligible for selection, a proposal must be based on an innovation having high technical or scientific merit that is responsive to a NASA need described herein, and which offers potential commercial application. Proposals must be submitted via the Internet (http://sbir.nasa.gov) and include all relevant documentation. Unsolicited proposals will not be accepted. ਀ A proposal directed towards system studies, market research, routine engineering development of existing products or proven concepts and modifications of existing products without innovative changes is considered inappropriate. Selection preference will be given to eligible proposals where the innovations are judged to have significant potential for commercial application. ਀ NASA plans to select for award those proposals offering the best value to the Government and the Nation. Subject to the availability of funds, approximately 300 SBIR and 20 STTR Phase I proposals will be selected for negotiation of fixed-price contracts in November 2003. Historically, the ratio of Phase I proposals to awards is approximately 7:1 for SBIR and 5:1 for STTR, and approximately 40% of the selected Phase I contracts are selected for Phase II follow-on efforts. ਀ 1.2 Program Authority਀ SBIR: This Solicitation is issued pursuant to the authority contained in P.L. 106-554. Government wide SBIR policy is provided by the Small Business Administration (SBA) through its Policy Directive. The current law authorizes the program through September 30, 2008.਀ STTR: This Solicitation is issued pursuant to the authority contained in P.L. 107-50. Government wide STTR policy is provided by the SBA through its Policy Directive. The current law authorizes the program through September 30, 2009.਀ 1.3 Program Management਀ The Office of Aerospace Technology provides overall policy direction for the NASA SBIR/STTR programs. The Program Management Office is hosted at the Goddard Space Flight Center. The Procurement Management Office is hosted at Glenn Research Center.਀ The SBIR Program Solicitation is aligned with NASA’s five Strategic Enterprises (http://www.nasa.gov). The needs of all Strategic Enterprises are reflected in the research topics identified in Section 9.਀ The STTR Program Solicitation research areas correspond to the central underlying technological competencies of each participating NASA Center. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) does not participate in the management of the STTR Program. ਀ Information regarding the Strategic Enterprises and the NASA Centers can be obtained at the following web sites:਀ ਀一䄀匀䄀 匀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀猀 Aerospace Technology http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/aero਀䈀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 倀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀ऀ栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀匀瀀愀挀攀刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀 Earth Science http://earth.nasa.gov਀匀瀀愀挀攀 䘀氀椀最栀琀ऀ栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀栀焀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⼀漀猀昀⼀ Space Science http://spacescience.nasa.gov/਀ NASA Installations਀䄀洀攀猀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 ⠀䄀刀䌀⤀ऀ栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀爀挀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀 Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov਀䜀氀攀渀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 ⠀䜀刀䌀⤀ऀ栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀最爀挀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀 Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov਀䨀攀琀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 䰀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 ⠀䨀倀䰀⤀ऀ栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀樀瀀氀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀 Johnson Space Center (JSC) http://www.jsc.nasa.gov਀䬀攀渀渀攀搀礀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 ⠀䬀匀䌀⤀ऀ栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀欀猀挀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀 Langley Research Center (LaRC) http://www.larc.nasa.gov਀䴀愀爀猀栀愀氀氀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 ⠀䴀匀䘀䌀⤀ऀ栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀洀猀昀挀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀 Stennis Space Center (SSC) http://www.ssc.nasa.gov਀ ਀㄀⸀㐀 吀栀爀攀攀ⴀ倀栀愀猀攀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 ਀䈀漀琀栀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䤀刀 愀渀搀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀猀 愀爀攀 搀椀瘀椀搀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀爀攀攀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 猀琀愀最攀猀⸀  ਀㄀⸀㐀⸀㄀ 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀⸀  吀栀攀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 漀昀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 椀猀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 洀攀爀椀琀 愀渀搀 昀攀愀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀ᤀ猠 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 愀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 猀洀愀氀氀 一䄀匀䄀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀洀攀渀琀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 椀渀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀⸀ 匀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 椀猀 愀 瀀爀攀爀攀焀甀椀猀椀琀攀 琀漀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ਀倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 洀甀猀琀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀攀 漀渀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 洀攀爀椀琀 愀渀搀 昀攀愀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 漀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 愀 戀愀猀椀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 洀甀猀琀 挀漀渀昀漀爀洀 琀漀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀  䔀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 挀爀椀琀攀爀椀愀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㐀⸀㄀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 椀猀 猀漀氀攀氀礀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀ⴀ椀渀最 琀栀攀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀攀爀椀琀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀椀爀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 愀眀愀爀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 樀甀搀最椀渀最 琀栀攀 瘀愀氀甀攀 漀昀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀⸀ ਀䴀愀砀椀洀甀洀 瘀愀氀甀攀 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀㨀 ਀倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 䌀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀ऀऀ匀䈀䤀刀ऀऀ匀吀吀刀 Maximum Contract Value $ 70,000 $ 100,000਀䴀愀砀椀洀甀洀 倀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 倀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀ऀ㘀 洀漀渀琀栀猀ऀ㄀㈀ 洀漀渀琀栀猀 ਀㄀⸀㐀⸀㈀ 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀⸀  吀栀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 漀昀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 椀猀 琀漀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀 琀栀攀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀爀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 ⠀刀⼀刀☀䐀⤀ 攀昀昀漀爀琀 昀爀漀洀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀⸀ 伀渀氀礀 匀䈀䌀猀 愀眀愀爀搀攀搀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀 愀爀攀 攀氀椀最椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀猀 愀爀攀 挀栀漀猀攀渀 愀猀 愀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 漀昀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀瘀攀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 挀爀椀琀攀爀椀愀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㐀⸀㈀⸀     ਀吀栀攀 洀愀砀椀洀甀洀 瘀愀氀甀攀 昀漀爀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀 椀猀 ␀㘀　　Ⰰ　　　 眀椀琀栀 愀 洀愀砀椀洀甀洀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 ㈀㐀 洀漀渀琀栀猀⸀ऀ ਀匀吀吀刀㨀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 琀漀 ␀㘀　　䬀 昀爀漀洀 ␀㔀　　䬀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀椀猀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ਀㄀⸀㐀⸀㌀ 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀⸀  一䄀匀䄀 洀愀礀 愀眀愀爀搀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 渀漀渀ⴀ匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 昀甀渀搀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 匀䈀䤀刀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 愀渀搀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 愀眀愀爀搀猀 猀愀琀椀猀昀椀攀猀 愀渀礀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䄀爀洀攀搀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 倀爀漀挀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 䄀挀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 愀渀搀 䄀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 䄀挀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䌀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 䌀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀椀渀最 䄀挀琀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀 愀最攀渀挀礀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀猀栀攀猀 琀漀 昀甀渀搀 愀渀 匀䈀䤀刀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 椀猀 渀漀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 猀愀琀椀猀昀礀 琀栀漀猀攀 猀琀愀琀甀琀漀爀礀 瀀爀漀瘀椀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀 眀漀爀欀 洀愀礀 戀攀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 刀⼀刀☀䐀Ⰰ 漀爀 愀渀礀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀攀爀攀漀昀⸀ 䄀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 愀最攀渀挀礀 洀愀礀 攀渀琀攀爀 椀渀琀漀 愀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀 匀䈀䤀刀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 愀琀 愀渀礀 琀椀洀攀 眀椀琀栀 愀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 愀眀愀爀搀攀攀⸀ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 渀漀 氀椀洀椀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀Ⰰ 搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀礀瀀攀Ⰰ 漀爀 搀漀氀氀愀爀 瘀愀氀甀攀 漀昀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀 愀眀愀爀搀猀 洀愀搀攀 琀漀 愀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 渀漀 氀椀洀椀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 攀氀愀瀀猀攀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 愀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 愀眀愀爀搀 愀渀搀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀 愀眀愀爀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀洀愀氀氀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 猀椀稀攀 氀椀洀椀琀猀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 愀渀搀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 愀眀愀爀搀猀 搀漀 渀漀琀 愀瀀瀀氀礀 琀漀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀 愀眀愀爀搀猀⸀  ਀㄀⸀㔀 䔀氀椀最椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 ਀㄀⸀㔀⸀㄀ 匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䌀漀渀挀攀爀渀⸀  伀渀氀礀 昀椀爀洀猀 焀甀愀氀椀昀礀椀渀最 愀猀 匀䈀䌀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㈀⸀㄀㈀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 攀氀椀最椀戀氀攀 琀漀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀猀⸀ 匀漀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀氀礀 搀椀猀愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀搀 愀渀搀 眀漀洀攀渀ⴀ漀眀渀攀搀 匀䈀䌀猀 愀爀攀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀⸀ ਀匀吀吀刀㨀 吀漀 戀攀 攀氀椀最椀戀氀攀Ⰰ 匀䈀䌀猀 洀甀猀琀 猀甀戀洀椀琀 愀 挀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 愀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀 ⠀刀䤀⤀⸀ ਀㄀⸀㔀⸀㈀ 倀氀愀挀攀 漀昀 倀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀⸀  䘀漀爀 戀漀琀栀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 愀渀搀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 刀⼀刀☀䐀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀 ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㈀⸀㄀㘀⤀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 愀 爀愀爀攀 愀渀搀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 挀椀爀挀甀洀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀 猀甀瀀瀀氀礀 漀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 椀琀攀洀 漀爀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 渀漀琀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀Ⰰ 一䄀匀䄀 洀愀礀 愀氀氀漀眀 琀栀愀琀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀爀 刀☀䐀 眀漀爀欀 琀漀 戀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 漀爀 漀戀琀愀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 愀 挀漀甀渀琀爀礀 漀甀琀猀椀搀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 洀甀猀琀 挀氀攀愀爀氀礀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀 椀昀 愀渀礀 眀漀爀欀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 漀甀琀猀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀⸀ 䄀瀀瀀爀漀瘀愀氀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䌀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀椀渀最 伀昀昀椀挀攀爀 昀漀爀 猀甀挀栀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀⠀猀⤀ 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 椀渀 眀爀椀琀椀渀最⸀ ਀㄀⸀㔀⸀㌀ 倀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 䤀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀  吀栀攀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀䤀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䤀刀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 匀吀吀刀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 琀栀攀 倀䤀 洀愀礀 戀攀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 刀䤀⸀ 倀爀椀洀愀爀礀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 洀攀愀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 栀愀氀昀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀䤀ᤀ猠 琀漀琀愀氀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀搀 琀椀洀攀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀氀氀 挀漀渀挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀爀猀Ⰰ 挀漀渀猀甀氀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀搀 琀椀洀攀⤀ 椀猀 猀瀀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀⸀ 倀爀椀洀愀爀礀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀 瀀爀攀挀氀甀搀攀猀 昀甀氀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 愀琀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䤀昀 琀栀攀 倀䤀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 洀攀攀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 洀甀猀琀 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀猀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 洀攀琀 椀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 椀猀 猀攀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 氀攀愀搀 琀漀 愀渀 愀眀愀爀搀⸀ ਀刀䔀儀唀䤀刀䔀䴀䔀一吀匀ऀऀऀ Primary Employment: SBIR - PI must be with the SBC; STTR - PI may be employed with the RI or SBC਀䔀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 䌀攀爀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 匀䈀䤀刀 ⴀ 吀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 洀甀猀琀 挀攀爀琀椀昀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀䤀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 愀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 漀昀 愀眀愀爀搀 愀渀搀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀⸀㬀    匀吀吀刀 ⴀ 䤀昀 琀栀攀 倀䤀 椀猀 渀漀琀 愀渀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 洀甀猀琀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 攀渀猀甀爀攀 匀䈀䌀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀⸀ Co-Principal Investigators: SBIR - Not Acceptable; STTR - Not Acceptable਀䴀椀猀爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 儀甀愀氀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀㨀 匀䈀䤀刀 ⴀ 圀椀氀氀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 椀渀 爀攀樀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 漀爀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀㬀 匀吀吀刀 ⴀ 圀椀氀氀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 椀渀 爀攀樀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 漀爀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 Substitution of PIs: SBIR - Must receive advanced written approval from NASA; STTR - Must receive advanced written approval from NASA਀ 1.6 General Information਀ 1.6.1 Solicitation Distribution. This 2003 SBIR/STTR Program Solicitation is available via the NASA SBIR/STTR homepage (http://sbir.nasa.gov). SBCs are encouraged to check the SBIR/STTR homepage for program updates. Any updates or corrections to the Solicitation will be posted there. If the SBC has difficulty accessing the Solicitation, contact the Help Desk (Section 1.6.2). ਀ 1.6.2 Means of Contacting NASA SBIR/STTR Program ਀ (1) NASA SBIR/STTR Homepage: http://sbir.nasa.gov ਀ (2) Each of the NASA field installations has its own homepage, including strategic planning and program informa-tion. Please consult these homepages as noted in Section 1.3 for more details on the technology requirements within the subtopic areas.਀ (3) Help Desk. For inquiries, requests, and help-related questions, contact via:਀ e-mail: sbir@reisys.com਀琀攀氀攀瀀栀漀渀攀㨀ऀ㌀　㄀ⴀ㤀㌀㜀ⴀ　㠀㠀㠀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 㠀㨀　　 愀⸀洀⸀ⴀ㔀㨀　　 瀀⸀洀⸀ ⠀䴀漀渀⸀ⴀ䘀爀椀⸀Ⰰ 䔀愀猀琀攀爀渀 吀椀洀攀⤀  facsimile: 301-937-0204਀ The requestor must provide the name and telephone number of the person to contact, the organization name and address, and the specific questions or requests.਀ (4) NASA SBIR/STTR Program Manager. Specific information requests that could not be answered by the Help Desk should be mailed or e-mailed to:਀ Paul Mexcur, Program Manager਀一䄀匀䄀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 伀昀昀椀挀攀  Code 408, Goddard Space Flight Center਀䜀爀攀攀渀戀攀氀琀Ⰰ 䴀䐀 ㈀　㜀㜀㄀ⴀ　　　㄀ Winfield.P.Mexcur@nasa.gov਀ 1.6.3 Questions About This Solicitation. To ensure fairness, questions relating to the intent and/or content of research topics in this Solicitation cannot be answered during the Phase I solicitation period. Only questions requesting clarification of proposal instructions and administrative matters will be answered.਀ ਀㈀⸀  䐀攀昀椀渀椀琀椀漀渀猀  ਀㈀⸀㄀ 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 ਀䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 愀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 漀昀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 洀愀爀欀攀琀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀椀渀最 愀渀搀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀椀渀最 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀愀氀攀 ⠀眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 戀礀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀琀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀 漀爀 戀礀 漀琀栀攀爀猀⤀⸀  䄀猀 甀猀攀搀 栀攀爀攀Ⰰ 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 戀漀琀栀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 渀漀渀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 洀愀爀欀攀琀猀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㈀  䌀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 刀⼀刀☀䐀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 ਀䄀 昀椀渀愀渀挀椀愀氀 愀猀猀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀 甀猀攀搀 眀栀攀渀 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀琀椀愀氀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀洀愀琀椀挀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀眀愀爀搀攀攀 搀甀爀椀渀最 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 椀猀 愀渀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 椀猀猀甀椀渀最 愀最攀渀挀礀⸀ 吀栀攀 䌀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 刀⼀刀☀䐀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀猀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 漀戀氀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㌀  䌀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀爀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀  ਀䘀漀爀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 匀吀吀刀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀Ⰰ 挀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 刀⼀刀☀䐀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 琀漀 戀攀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀攀搀 樀漀椀渀琀氀礀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 刀䤀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 㐀　 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀欀 ⠀愀洀漀甀渀琀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 挀漀猀琀 猀栀愀爀椀渀最 椀昀 愀渀礀Ⰰ 氀攀猀猀 昀攀攀 椀昀 愀渀礀⤀ 椀猀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 愀渀搀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 ㌀　 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀欀 椀猀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 刀䤀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㐀  䔀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 䔀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 圀漀爀欀 ਀吀栀攀 ᰀ猠挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 漀瘀攀爀氀愀瀀Ⰰᴀ†眀栀椀挀栀 漀挀挀甀爀猀 眀栀攀渀 ⠀㄀⤀ 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 椀渀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 漀渀攀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 漀爀 最爀愀渀琀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 愀最攀渀挀礀㬀 ⠀㈀⤀ 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀猀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀眀漀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 愀最攀渀挀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀 愀渀搀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀㬀 漀爀 ⠀㌀⤀ 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 搀攀猀椀最渀 昀漀爀 愀挀挀漀洀瀀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 愀渀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 漀爀 挀氀漀猀攀氀礀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀眀漀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 漀爀 愀眀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 爀攀最愀爀搀氀攀猀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 猀漀甀爀挀攀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㔀  䘀甀渀搀椀渀最 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 ਀䄀渀礀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀Ⰰ 最爀愀渀琀Ⰰ 挀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 琀爀愀渀猀愀挀琀椀漀渀 攀渀琀攀爀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 愀渀礀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 愀最攀渀挀礀 愀渀搀 愀渀礀 攀渀琀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀愀氀Ⰰ 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 眀漀爀欀 昀甀渀搀攀搀 椀渀 眀栀漀氀攀 漀爀 椀渀 瀀愀爀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㘀 䠀唀䈀娀漀渀攀ⴀ伀眀渀攀搀 匀䈀䌀  ਀䄀 ∀䠀唀䈀娀漀渀攀∀ 椀猀 愀渀 愀爀攀愀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 漀渀攀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀  · A qualified census tract (as defined in section 42(d)(5)(C)(i)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986); ਀뜀ऀ䄀 焀甀愀氀椀昀椀攀搀 ∀渀漀渀ⴀ洀攀琀爀漀瀀漀氀椀琀愀渀 挀漀甀渀琀礀∀ 琀栀愀琀 椀猀㨀 渀漀琀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 洀攀琀爀漀瀀漀氀椀琀愀渀 猀琀愀琀椀猀琀椀挀愀氀 愀爀攀愀 ⠀愀猀 搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㄀㐀㌀⠀欀⤀⠀㈀⤀⠀䈀⤀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 刀攀瘀攀渀甀攀 䌀漀搀攀 漀昀 ㄀㤀㠀㘀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀  - in which the median household income is less than 80 percent of the non-metropolitan State me-dian household income, or ਀ⴀऀ琀栀愀琀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 搀愀琀愀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 匀攀挀爀攀琀愀爀礀 漀昀 䰀愀戀漀爀Ⰰ 栀愀猀 愀渀 甀渀攀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 爀愀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 渀漀琀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀㐀　 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀眀椀搀攀 愀瘀攀爀愀最攀 甀渀攀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 爀愀琀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 匀琀愀琀攀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀 挀漀甀渀琀礀 椀猀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀㬀  · Lands within the external boundaries of an Indian reservation. ਀ ਀吀漀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䠀唀䈀娀漀渀攀 䔀洀瀀漀眀攀爀洀攀渀琀 䌀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀椀渀最 倀爀漀最爀愀洀Ⰰ 愀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 愀 ∀焀甀愀氀椀ⴀ昀椀攀搀 䠀唀䈀娀漀渀攀 猀洀愀氀氀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀⸀∀ 䄀 昀椀爀洀 挀愀渀 戀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀漀 戀攀 愀 焀甀愀氀椀昀椀攀搀 䠀唀䈀娀漀渀攀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀Ⰰ 椀昀㨀  · It is small, ਀뜀ऀ䤀琀 椀猀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 ∀栀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀氀礀 甀渀搀攀爀甀琀椀氀椀稀攀搀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 稀漀渀攀∀ ⠀䠀唀䈀娀漀渀攀⤀  · It is owned and controlled by one or more U.S. Citizens, and ਀뜀ऀ䄀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 ㌀㔀─ 漀昀 椀琀猀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀攀猀 爀攀猀椀搀攀 椀渀 愀 䠀唀䈀娀漀渀攀⸀  ਀㈀⸀㜀  䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 ਀匀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 渀攀眀 漀爀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀Ⰰ 栀愀瘀椀渀最 洀愀爀欀攀琀愀戀氀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 ⠀㄀⤀ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 渀攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ ⠀㈀⤀ 爀攀昀椀渀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 ⠀㌀⤀ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 渀攀眀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㠀  䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 ਀吀栀攀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀椀渀挀琀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀愀渀最椀戀氀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 爀攀昀攀爀爀攀搀 琀漀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 愀猀 ᰀ椠渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀Ⰰᴀ†椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 戀甀琀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀㨀  瀀愀琀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 琀爀愀搀攀洀愀爀欀猀Ⰰ 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀猀Ⰰ 琀爀愀搀攀 猀攀挀爀攀琀猀Ⰰ 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 搀愀琀愀 ⠀愀猀 搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀⤀Ⰰ 椀搀攀愀猀Ⰰ 搀攀猀椀最渀猀Ⰰ 欀渀漀眀ⴀ栀漀眀Ⰰ 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀愀渀最椀戀氀攀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 愀猀猀攀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀氀氀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀愀渀最椀戀氀攀 愀猀猀攀琀猀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 漀爀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 愀猀 愀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 漀昀 椀琀猀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㤀  刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀  ਀䄀 唀⸀匀⸀ 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 漀渀攀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀㨀 ㄀⤀ 愀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀漀爀ⴀ漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀搀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀氀礀 昀甀渀搀攀搀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 挀攀渀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀猀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 一愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䘀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 愀挀挀漀爀搀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 眀椀搀攀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 䄀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀 刀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀猀甀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀㔀⠀挀⤀⠀㄀⤀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 伀昀昀椀挀攀 漀昀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 倀爀漀挀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 倀漀氀椀挀礀 䄀挀琀 ⠀漀爀 愀渀礀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀漀爀 氀攀最椀猀氀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀攀爀攀琀漀⤀Ⰰ 漀爀 ㈀⤀ 愀 渀漀渀瀀爀漀昀椀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀 愀猀 搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㐀⠀㔀⤀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀琀攀瘀攀渀猀漀渀ⴀ圀礀搀氀攀爀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 䄀挀琀 漀昀 ㄀㤀㠀　Ⰰ 漀爀 ㌀⤀ 愀 渀漀渀瀀爀漀昀椀琀 挀漀氀氀攀最攀 漀爀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㄀　 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀爀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 ⠀刀⼀刀☀䐀⤀ ਀䄀渀礀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 ⠀㄀⤀ 愀 猀礀猀琀攀洀愀琀椀挀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 猀琀甀搀礀 搀椀爀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀眀愀爀搀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 漀爀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 猀琀甀搀椀攀搀Ⰰ ⠀㈀⤀ 愀 猀礀猀琀攀洀愀琀椀挀 猀琀甀搀礀 搀椀爀攀挀琀攀搀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀 琀漀眀愀爀搀 愀瀀瀀氀礀椀渀最 渀攀眀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 琀漀 洀攀攀琀 愀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀攀搀 渀攀攀搀Ⰰ 漀爀 ⠀㌀⤀ 愀 猀礀猀琀攀洀愀琀椀挀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 琀漀眀愀爀搀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 甀猀攀昀甀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 瀀爀漀琀漀琀礀瀀攀猀 愀渀搀 渀攀眀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 琀漀 洀攀攀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㄀㄀ 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䐀愀琀愀 ਀吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 搀愀琀愀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 愀氀氀 搀愀琀愀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 愀渀礀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㄀㈀ 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䐀愀琀愀 刀椀最栀琀猀 ਀吀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀猀 愀渀 匀䈀䌀 漀戀琀愀椀渀猀 椀渀 搀愀琀愀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 愀渀礀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 愀渀 愀眀愀爀搀攀攀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 搀甀爀椀渀最 漀爀 甀瀀漀渀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀氀礀 昀甀渀搀攀搀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀猀 愀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㄀㌀ 匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䌀漀渀挀攀爀渀  ਀䄀渀 匀䈀䌀 椀猀 漀渀攀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 愀琀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀 漀昀 愀眀愀爀搀 漀昀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 愀渀搀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 洀攀攀琀猀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 挀爀椀琀攀爀椀愀㨀 ਀⠀㄀⤀ऀ䤀猀 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀氀礀 漀眀渀攀搀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 栀愀猀 椀琀猀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 瀀氀愀挀攀 漀昀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀猀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀攀搀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀昀椀琀㬀 ਀⠀㈀⤀ऀ䤀猀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 㔀㄀ 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 漀眀渀攀搀Ⰰ 漀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀愀猀攀 漀昀 愀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀氀礀 漀眀渀攀搀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 㔀㄀ 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀琀猀 瘀漀琀椀渀最 猀琀漀挀欀 椀猀 漀眀渀攀搀 戀礀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀 挀椀琀椀稀攀渀猀 漀爀 氀愀眀昀甀氀氀礀 愀搀洀椀琀琀攀搀 瀀攀爀洀愀渀攀渀琀 爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 愀氀椀攀渀猀㬀 愀渀搀 ਀⠀㌀⤀ऀ䠀愀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 椀琀猀 愀昀昀椀氀椀愀琀攀猀Ⰰ 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀攀猀 渀漀琀 攀砀挀攀攀搀椀渀最 㔀　　 愀渀搀 洀攀攀琀猀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀漀爀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 ㄀㌀ 䌀䘀刀 倀愀爀琀 ㄀㈀㄀⸀  䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀猀Ⰰ 漀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀洀攀渀琀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀椀攀猀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀搀Ⰰ 漀爀 猀琀愀琀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀椀攀猀 焀甀愀氀椀昀礀椀渀最 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䤀渀瘀攀猀琀洀攀渀琀 䄀挀琀 漀昀 ㄀㤀㔀㠀Ⰰ ㄀㔀 唀⸀匀⸀䌀⸀ 㘀㘀㄀Ⰰ 攀琀 猀攀焀⸀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 愀昀昀椀氀椀愀琀攀猀 漀昀 漀渀攀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 眀栀攀渀Ⰰ 攀椀琀栀攀爀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 漀爀 椀渀搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀Ⰰ ⠀㄀⤀ 漀渀攀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀猀 漀爀 栀愀猀 琀栀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 琀漀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 漀爀 ⠀㈀⤀ 愀 琀栀椀爀搀 瀀愀爀琀礀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀猀 漀爀 栀愀猀 琀栀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 琀漀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 戀漀琀栀⸀  䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 挀愀渀 戀攀 攀砀攀爀挀椀猀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 漀眀渀攀爀猀栀椀瀀Ⰰ 挀漀洀洀漀渀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀甀愀氀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀栀椀瀀猀⸀  吀栀攀 琀攀爀洀猀 ∀愀昀昀椀氀椀愀琀攀猀∀ 愀渀搀 ∀渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀攀猀∀ 愀爀攀 搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 搀攀琀愀椀氀 椀渀 ㄀㌀ 䌀䘀刀 倀愀爀琀 ㄀㈀㄀⸀  ਀匀洀愀氀氀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 猀漀氀攀 瀀爀漀瀀爀椀攀琀漀爀猀栀椀瀀猀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀琀渀攀爀猀栀椀瀀猀Ⰰ 挀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 樀漀椀渀琀 瘀攀渀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 挀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀猀⸀ 䔀氀椀最椀戀氀攀 樀漀椀渀琀 瘀攀渀琀甀爀攀猀 愀爀攀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀 渀漀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 㐀㤀 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 昀漀爀攀椀最渀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 攀渀琀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㄀㐀 匀漀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀氀礀 䐀椀猀愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀搀 䤀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 ਀䄀 洀攀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 最爀漀甀瀀猀㨀 䄀昀爀椀挀愀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀猀Ⰰ 䠀椀猀瀀愀渀椀挀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀猀Ⰰ 一愀琀椀瘀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀猀Ⰰ 䄀猀椀愀渀ⴀ倀愀挀椀昀椀挀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀猀Ⰰ 匀甀戀挀漀渀琀椀渀攀渀琀ⴀ䄀猀椀愀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀猀Ⰰ 漀琀栀攀爀 最爀漀甀瀀猀 搀攀猀椀最渀愀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀椀洀攀 琀漀 琀椀洀攀 戀礀 匀䈀䄀 琀漀 戀攀 猀漀挀椀愀氀氀礀 搀椀猀愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀搀Ⰰ 漀爀 愀渀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀漀 戀攀 猀漀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀氀礀 搀椀猀愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀搀 戀礀 匀䈀䄀 瀀甀爀猀甀愀渀琀 琀漀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㠀⠀愀⤀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䄀挀琀Ⰰ ㄀㔀 唀⸀匀⸀䌀⸀ 㘀㌀㜀⠀愀⤀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㄀㔀 匀漀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀氀礀 䐀椀猀愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀搀 匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䌀漀渀挀攀爀渀 ਀䄀 猀漀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀氀礀 搀椀猀愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀搀 匀䈀䌀 椀猀 漀渀攀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀㨀 ⠀㄀⤀ 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 㔀㄀ 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 漀眀渀攀搀 戀礀 ⠀椀⤀ 愀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀渀 琀爀椀戀攀 漀爀 愀 渀愀琀椀瘀攀 䠀愀眀愀椀椀愀渀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 ⠀椀椀⤀ 漀渀攀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 猀漀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀氀礀 搀椀猀愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀搀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀猀㬀 愀渀搀          ⠀㈀⤀ 眀栀漀猀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 搀愀椀氀礀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀攀搀 戀礀 漀渀攀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 猀漀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀氀礀 搀椀猀愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀搀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀猀⸀  匀攀攀 ㄀㌀ 䌀䘀刀 倀愀爀琀 ㄀㈀㐀⸀㄀　㌀ 愀渀搀 ㄀㈀㐀⸀㄀　㐀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㄀㘀 匀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 ਀䄀渀礀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 漀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 漀渀攀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀椀渀最 愀渀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀爀ⴀ攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀攀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀栀椀瀀Ⰰ 攀渀琀攀爀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 戀礀 愀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀漀爀 挀愀氀氀椀渀最 昀漀爀 猀甀瀀瀀氀椀攀猀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 猀漀氀攀氀礀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㄀㜀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀  ਀䴀攀愀渀猀 琀栀攀 㔀　 猀琀愀琀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 琀攀爀爀椀琀漀爀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀漀猀猀攀猀猀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䌀漀洀洀漀渀眀攀愀氀琀栀 漀昀 倀甀攀爀琀漀 刀椀挀漀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䐀椀猀琀爀椀挀琀 漀昀 䌀漀氀甀洀戀椀愀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 刀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀愀爀猀栀愀氀氀 䤀猀氀愀渀搀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀 漀昀 䴀椀挀爀漀渀攀猀椀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 刀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀 漀昀 倀愀氀愀甀⸀ ਀㈀⸀㄀㠀 圀漀洀攀渀ⴀ伀眀渀攀搀 匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 ਀䄀 眀漀洀攀渀ⴀ漀眀渀攀搀 匀䈀䌀 椀猀 漀渀攀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 㔀㄀ 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 漀眀渀攀搀 戀礀 愀 眀漀洀愀渀 漀爀 眀漀洀攀渀 眀栀漀 愀氀猀漀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 椀琀⸀ ∀䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀∀ 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 挀漀渀琀攀砀琀 洀攀愀渀猀 攀砀攀爀挀椀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 瀀漀氀椀挀礀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ ∀伀瀀攀爀愀琀攀∀ 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 挀漀渀琀攀砀琀 洀攀愀渀猀 戀攀椀渀最 愀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 搀愀礀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ搀愀礀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀ ਀㌀⸀  倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 倀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 䤀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 ਀㌀⸀㄀ 䘀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 䌀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 ਀䴀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀  䔀愀挀栀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 愀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 椀渀 猀挀漀瀀攀 琀漀 樀甀猀琀 漀渀攀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 愀渀搀 洀愀礀 戀攀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 漀渀氀礀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀愀琀 漀渀攀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀⸀ 䄀渀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 洀愀礀 猀甀戀洀椀琀 愀渀礀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀礀 猀甀戀洀椀琀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 漀渀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀㬀 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 猀甀戀洀椀琀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 ⠀漀爀 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀⤀ 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 琀漀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 漀渀攀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀⸀ 匀甀戀洀椀琀琀椀渀最 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀漀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀猀 洀愀礀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 椀渀 愀氀氀 猀甀挀栀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 戀攀椀渀最 爀攀樀攀挀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀匀吀吀刀㨀  䄀氀氀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 洀甀猀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 挀漀渀瘀椀渀挀攀 一䄀匀䄀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 匀䈀䌀⼀刀䤀 挀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 攀昀昀漀爀琀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀猀 愀 猀漀甀渀搀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 愀琀 琀栀攀 刀䤀 椀渀琀漀 愀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 洀攀攀琀猀 愀 渀攀攀搀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 愀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀漀瀀椀挀⸀   ਀䔀渀搀 䐀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀猀⸀  吀栀攀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀 椀琀攀洀 愀琀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 漀昀 愀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 愀 挀漀洀瀀爀攀栀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀愀琀 樀甀猀琀椀昀椀攀猀Ⰰ 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀昀攀渀搀猀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀漀爀攀琀椀挀愀氀 眀漀爀欀 愀挀挀漀洀瀀氀椀猀栀攀搀 愀渀搀 洀愀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 愀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀⸀  ਀䐀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀 椀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 椀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 漀昀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀猀 漀爀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀⸀  吀栀攀猀攀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀猀 洀愀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 瀀爀漀琀漀琀礀瀀攀猀Ⰰ 洀漀搀攀氀猀Ⰰ 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀Ⰰ 漀爀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀⸀  吀栀攀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀搀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀 漀昀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 洀甀猀琀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 戀愀猀椀猀 昀漀爀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ ਀刀攀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 瘀椀愀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 栀漀洀攀瀀愀最攀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀氀氀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀 椀琀攀洀猀 戀攀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 椀渀 倀䐀䘀 昀漀爀洀愀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀猀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀椀攀猀 琀漀 搀漀 猀漀⸀ 伀琀栀攀爀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀猀 愀爀攀 䴀匀 圀漀爀搀Ⰰ 䴀匀 圀漀爀欀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 圀漀爀搀倀攀爀昀攀挀琀⸀ ਀㌀⸀㈀ 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 ਀㌀⸀㈀⸀㄀ 䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀 刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 ਀倀愀最攀 䰀椀洀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  䄀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 猀栀愀氀氀 渀漀琀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 愀 琀漀琀愀氀 漀昀 ㈀㔀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀 㠀 ㄀⼀㈀ 砀 ㄀㄀ 椀渀挀栀 ⠀㈀㄀⸀㘀 砀 ㈀㜀⸀㤀 挀洀⤀ 瀀愀最攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀猀椀瘀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 昀漀爀洀猀⸀  倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 椀琀攀洀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㈀ 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀琀愀氀⸀  䘀漀爀洀猀 䄀Ⰰ 䈀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䌀 挀漀甀渀琀 愀猀 漀渀攀 瀀愀最攀 攀愀挀栀⸀ 䔀愀挀栀 瀀愀最攀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀攀搀 挀漀渀猀攀挀甀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 愀琀 琀栀攀 戀漀琀琀漀洀⸀ 䴀愀爀最椀渀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 ㄀⸀　 椀渀挀栀 ⠀㈀⸀㔀 挀洀⤀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 攀砀挀攀攀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 ㈀㔀ⴀ瀀愀最攀 氀椀洀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 爀攀樀攀挀琀攀搀 搀甀爀椀渀最 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀挀爀攀攀渀椀渀最⸀  ਀圀攀戀 猀椀琀攀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀Ⰰ 瘀椀搀攀漀琀愀瀀攀猀Ⰰ 猀氀椀搀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 愀渀挀椀氀氀愀爀礀 椀琀攀洀猀 眀椀氀氀 渀漀琀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀⸀  伀昀昀攀爀漀爀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 渀漀琀 琀漀 甀猀攀 琀栀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 ㈀㔀ⴀ瀀愀最攀 愀氀氀漀眀愀渀挀攀 甀渀氀攀猀猀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀⸀   ਀吀礀瀀攀 匀椀稀攀⸀  一漀 琀礀瀀攀 猀椀稀攀 猀洀愀氀氀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀　 瀀漀椀渀琀 椀猀 琀漀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀攀砀琀 漀爀 琀愀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 攀砀挀攀瀀琀 愀猀 氀攀最攀渀搀猀 漀渀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 搀爀愀眀椀渀最猀⸀  倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 猀洀愀氀氀攀爀 昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 爀攀樀攀挀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ਀䌀氀愀猀猀椀昀椀攀搀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  一䄀匀䄀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀 挀氀愀猀猀椀昀椀攀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ਀㌀⸀㈀⸀㈀ 䘀漀爀洀愀琀 刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  䄀氀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 椀琀攀洀猀 漀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀  吀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀氀氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 攀愀挀栀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 眀椀氀氀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 挀栀漀猀攀渀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀✀猀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀⸀  ਀䔀愀挀栀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 洀甀猀琀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 椀琀攀洀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 漀爀搀攀爀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀攀搀㨀 ਀⠀㄀⤀ऀ倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀 ⠀䘀漀爀洀 䄀⤀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 攀渀搀漀爀猀攀搀Ⰰ  (2) Proposal Summary (Form B),਀⠀㌀⤀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 ⠀㄀㄀ 倀愀爀琀猀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 愀猀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㐀⤀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀氀氀 最爀愀瀀栀椀挀猀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 愀 琀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ  (4) Summary Budget (Form C), and ਀⠀㔀⤀ऀ䈀爀椀攀昀椀渀最 䌀栀愀爀琀 ⠀伀瀀琀椀漀渀愀氀 ጀ†渀漀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㈀㔀ⴀ瀀愀最攀 氀椀洀椀琀⤀⸀ ਀匀吀吀刀㨀 䔀愀挀栀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 洀甀猀琀 愀氀猀漀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀 愀 䌀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 刀⼀刀☀䐀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 愀渀搀 刀䤀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 琀栀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 椀琀攀洀猀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 愀戀漀瘀攀⸀  吀栀攀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 愀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ㈀㔀ⴀ瀀愀最攀 氀椀洀椀琀⸀ ਀㌀⸀㈀⸀㌀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀 愀渀搀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀洀洀愀爀礀 ਀倀愀最攀 ㄀㨀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀 ⠀䘀漀爀洀 䄀⤀⸀  吀栀攀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀 昀漀爀洀 椀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㠀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 猀栀愀氀氀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 攀愀挀栀 椀琀攀洀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀洀椀琀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀 愀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㘀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 琀椀琀氀攀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 挀漀渀挀椀猀攀 愀渀搀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀瘀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀椀琀氀攀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 甀猀攀 愀挀爀漀渀礀洀猀 漀爀 眀漀爀搀猀 氀椀欀攀 ∀䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀∀ 漀爀 ∀匀琀甀搀礀 漀昀⸀∀ 吀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀漀瀀椀挀 琀椀琀氀攀 洀甀猀琀 渀漀琀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 愀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 琀椀琀氀攀⸀ ਀倀愀最攀 ㈀㨀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀洀洀愀爀礀 ⠀䘀漀爀洀 䈀⤀⸀  吀栀攀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀洀洀愀爀礀 昀漀爀洀 椀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㠀⸀  吀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 猀栀愀氀氀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 攀愀挀栀 椀琀攀洀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀洀椀琀 䘀漀爀洀 䈀 愀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㘀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀 瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀 ㈀　　 眀漀爀搀猀 愀渀搀 猀栀愀氀氀 猀甀洀洀愀爀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 愀渀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀搀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀 漀昀 戀漀琀栀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 愀渀搀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀⸀ 倀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 一䄀匀䄀 愀渀搀 渀漀渀ⴀ一䄀匀䄀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀攀搀⸀ 䤀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀 椀猀 樀甀搀最攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 渀漀渀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀瘀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 爀攀樀攀挀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀一漀琀攀㨀  吀栀攀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀 ⠀䘀漀爀洀 䄀⤀ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀洀洀愀爀礀 ⠀䘀漀爀洀 䈀⤀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䄀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 洀愀礀 戀攀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀攀搀⸀ 䐀漀 渀漀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 瀀爀漀瀀爀椀攀琀愀爀礀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀   ਀㌀⸀㈀⸀㐀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀  吀栀椀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 猀栀愀氀氀 渀漀琀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀 愀渀礀 戀甀搀最攀琀 搀愀琀愀 愀渀搀 洀甀猀琀 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀 漀昀 愀氀氀 攀氀攀瘀攀渀 瀀愀爀琀猀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 戀攀氀漀眀 椀渀 琀栀攀 最椀瘀攀渀 漀爀搀攀爀⸀ 䄀氀氀 瀀愀爀琀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀攀搀 愀渀搀 琀椀琀氀攀搀㬀 瀀愀爀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 渀漀琀攀搀 愀猀 ᰀ丠漀琀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀⸀ᴀ† ਀倀愀爀琀 ㄀㨀 吀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 䌀漀渀琀攀渀琀猀⸀  吀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀最椀渀 眀椀琀栀 愀 戀爀椀攀昀 琀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀猀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀愀最攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀 漀昀 攀愀挀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀ 䄀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 琀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀猀 椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 椀渀 䄀瀀瀀攀渀搀椀砀 䄀⸀ ਀倀愀爀琀 ㈀㨀 䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 匀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 瀀愀爀愀最爀愀瀀栀 漀昀 倀愀爀琀 ㈀ 猀栀愀氀氀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀㨀  ਀⠀㄀⤀ऀ䄀 挀氀攀愀爀 愀渀搀 猀甀挀挀椀渀挀琀 猀琀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀栀礀 椀琀 椀猀 愀渀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 (2) A brief explanation of how the innovation is relevant and important to meeting the technology need described in the subtopic. The initial paragraph shall contain no more than 200 words. NASA will reject proposals that lack explanation of the innovation. In subsequent paragraphs, Part 2 may also include appropriate background and elaboration to explain the proposed innovation. ਀ Part 3: Technical Objectives. State the specific objectives of the Phase I R/R&D effort including the technical questions that must be answered to determine the feasibility of the proposed innovation.਀ Part 4: Work Plan. Include a detailed description of the Phase I R/R&D plan. The plan should indicate what will be done, where it will be done, and how the R/R&D will be carried out. The plan should address the objectives and the questions cited in Part 3 above. Discuss in detail the methods planned to achieve each objective or task. Task descriptions, schedules, resource allocations, estimated task hours for each key personnel, and planned accomplishments including project milestones shall be included. ਀ STTR: The work plan will specifically address the percentage and type of work to be performed by the SBC and the RI. The plan will provide evidence that the SBC will exercise management direction and control of the performance of the STTR effort, including situations in which the PI may be an employee of the RI. Not less than 40 percent of the work (amount requested including cost sharing, less fee, if any) is to be performed by the SBC as the prime contractor, and not less than 30 percent of the work is to be performed by the RI.਀ Part 5: Related R/R&D. Describe significant current and/or previous R/R&D that is directly related to the proposal including any conducted by the PI or by the offeror. Describe how it relates to the proposed effort and any planned coordination with outside sources. The offeror must persuade reviewers of his or her awareness of key recent R/R&D conducted by others in the specific subject area. At the offeror's option, this section may include concise bibliographic references in support of the proposal if they are confined to activities directly related to the proposed work.਀ Part 6: Key Personnel and Bibliography of Directly Related Work. Identify key personnel involved in Phase I activities whose expertise and functions are essential to the success of the project. Provide bibliographic information including directly related education and experience. ਀ The PI is considered key to the success of the effort and must make a substantial commitment to the project. The following requirements are applicable:਀ Functions. The functions of the PI are: planning and directing the project; leading it technically and making substantial personal contributions during its implementation; serving as the primary contact with NASA on the project; and ensuring that the work proceeds according to contract agreements. Competent management of PI functions is essential to project success. The Phase I proposal shall describe the nature of the PI's activities and the amount of time that the PI will personally apply on the project. The amount of time the PI proposes to spend on the project must be acceptable to the Contracting Officer.਀ Qualifications. The qualifications and capabilities of the proposed PI and the basis for PI selection are to be clearly presented in the proposal. NASA has the sole right to accept or reject a substitute PI based on factors such as education, experience, demonstrated ability and competence, and any other evidence related to the specific assignment.਀ Eligibility. This part shall also establish and confirm the eligibility of the PI (Section 1.5.3), and indicate the extent to which other proposals recently submitted or planned for submission in 2003 and existing projects commit the time of the PI concurrently with this proposed activity. Any attempt to circumvent the restriction on PIs working more than half-time for an academic or a nonprofit organization by substituting an ineligible PI will result in rejection of the proposal.਀ Part 7: Relationship with Phase II or Future R/R&D. State the anticipated results of the proposed R/R&D effort if the project is successful (through Phase I and Phase II). Discuss the significance of the Phase I effort in providing a foundation for the Phase II R/R&D continuation.਀ Part 8: Company Information and Facilities. Provide adequate information to allow the evaluators to assess the ability of the offeror to carry out the proposed Phase I and projected Phase II and Phase III activities. The offeror should describe the relevant facilities and equipment, their availability, and those to be acquired, to support the proposed activities. NASA will not fund the purchase of equipment, instrumentation, or facilities under Phase I contracts as a direct cost. Special tooling may be allowed. (Section 5.17) ਀ The capability of the offeror to perform the proposed activities and bring a resulting product or service to market must be indicated. Qualifications of the offeror in marketing related products or services or in raising capital should be presented. ਀ Note: Government wide SBIR and STTR policies prohibit the use of any SBIR/STTR award funds for the use of Government equipment and facilities. This does not preclude an SBC from utilizing a government facility or government equipment, but any charges for such use cannot be paid for with SBIR/STTR funds (SBA SBIR Policy Directive, Section 9 (f)(3)). In rare and unique circumstances, the Small Business Administration (SBA) may issue a case-by-case waiver to this provision after review of an agency’s written justification. NASA can-not guarantee that a waiver from this policy can be obtained from SBA.਀ If a proposed project or product demonstration requires a Government facility for successful completion, the offeror must provide a statement, signed by the appropriate Government official at the facility, verifying that it will be available for the required effort. The proposal should also include relevant information on the funding source(s) (private, other Government, internal) for the effort.਀ Part 9: Subcontracts and Consultants. The SBC may establish business arrangements with other entities or individuals to participate in performance of the proposed R/R&D effort. The offeror must describe all subcon-tracting or other business arrangements, and identify the relevant organizations and/or individuals with whom arrangements are planned. The expertise to be provided by the entities must be described in detail, as well as the functions, services, number of hours and labor rates. The proposal must include a signed statement by each participating organization or individual that they will be available at the times required for the purposes and extent of effort described in the proposal. The signed statement should be scanned and included in the technical proposal document. This statement is included in the 25-page limit. Failure to provide certification(s) may result in rejection of the proposal. Subcontractors’ and consultants’ work must be performed in the United States. The following restrictions apply to the use of subcontracts/consultants:਀ SBIR STTR਀吀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 愀爀爀愀渀最攀洀攀渀琀猀 洀甀猀琀 渀漀琀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 漀渀攀ⴀ琀栀椀爀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 愀渀愀氀礀琀椀挀愀氀 眀漀爀欀 ⠀愀洀漀甀渀琀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 挀漀猀琀 猀栀愀爀椀渀最 椀昀 愀渀礀Ⰰ 氀攀猀猀 昀攀攀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀渀礀⤀⸀  ऀऀ吀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 愀爀爀愀渀最攀洀攀渀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀猀 漀爀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 刀䤀 洀甀猀琀 渀漀琀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 ㌀　 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀欀 ⠀愀洀漀甀渀琀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 挀漀猀琀 猀栀愀爀椀渀最 椀昀 愀渀礀Ⰰ 氀攀猀猀 昀攀攀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀渀礀⤀⸀   ਀倀愀爀琀 ㄀　㨀 倀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  吀栀攀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 猀栀愀氀氀 昀漀爀攀挀愀猀琀 戀漀琀栀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 渀漀渀ⴀ一䄀匀䄀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 愀猀猀甀洀椀渀最 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀Ⰰ 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 洀漀爀攀 搀攀琀愀椀氀攀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀最愀爀搀椀渀最 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 洀愀爀欀攀琀猀 ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 ㌀⸀㌀ 愀渀搀 㐀⸀㈀⸀㈀⤀⸀ ਀倀愀爀琀 ㄀㄀㨀 匀椀洀椀氀愀爀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 䄀眀愀爀搀猀⸀  䄀 昀椀爀洀 洀愀礀 攀氀攀挀琀 琀漀 猀甀戀洀椀琀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 眀漀爀欀 琀漀 漀琀栀攀爀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㈀⸀㐀⤀⸀ 䘀椀爀洀猀 洀愀礀 愀氀猀漀 挀栀漀漀猀攀 琀漀 爀攀猀甀戀洀椀琀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀氀礀 甀渀猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 椀琀 椀猀 甀渀氀愀眀昀甀氀 琀漀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 昀漀爀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 眀漀爀欀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀 昀甀渀搀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 愀渀礀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 伀昀昀椀挀攀 漀昀 䤀渀猀瀀攀挀琀漀爀 䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀 栀愀猀 昀甀氀氀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 愀氀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 洀甀猀琀 椀渀昀漀爀洀 一䄀匀䄀 漀昀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 愀眀愀爀搀猀 愀渀搀 挀氀攀愀爀氀礀 猀琀愀琀攀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 栀愀猀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 眀漀爀欀 甀渀搀攀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀爀 椀渀琀攀渀搀猀 琀漀 猀甀戀洀椀琀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 猀甀挀栀 眀漀爀欀 琀漀 漀琀栀攀爀 愀最攀渀挀椀攀猀⸀ 䘀漀爀 愀氀氀 猀甀挀栀 挀愀猀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀㨀 ਀⠀愀⤀ 吀栀攀 渀愀洀攀 愀渀搀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀最攀渀挀椀攀猀 琀漀 眀栀椀挀栀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 漀爀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀Ⰰ 漀爀 昀爀漀洀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀眀愀爀搀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀 一䄀匀䄀 匀䈀䤀刀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀⤀㬀 (b) Dates of such proposal submissions or awards;਀⠀挀⤀ 吀椀琀氀攀Ⰰ 渀甀洀戀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀愀琀攀 漀昀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 漀爀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 漀爀 愀眀愀爀搀猀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀㬀 (d) The specific applicable research topic for each such proposal submitted or award received;਀⠀攀⤀ 吀椀琀氀攀猀 漀昀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀猀㬀 (f) Name and title of the PI/project manager for each proposal that has been or will be submitted, or from which awards have been received;਀⠀最⤀ 䤀昀 爀攀猀甀戀洀椀琀琀椀渀最 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 戀爀椀攀昀氀礀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 挀栀愀渀最攀搀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 甀瀀搀愀琀攀搀 猀椀渀挀攀 椀琀 眀愀猀 氀愀猀琀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀⸀ ਀一漀琀攀㨀  䄀氀氀 攀氀攀瘀攀渀 ⠀㄀㄀⤀ 瀀愀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀⸀  倀愀爀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 愀渀搀 洀愀爀欀攀搀 ᰀ丠漀琀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀⸀ᴀ† 䄀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 漀洀椀琀琀椀渀最 愀渀礀 瀀愀爀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 渀漀渀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀瘀攀 琀漀 琀栀椀猀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 爀攀樀攀挀琀攀搀 搀甀爀椀渀最 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀挀爀攀攀渀椀渀最⸀ ਀  3.2.5 Cooperative R/R&D Agreement (Applicable for STTR proposals only)਀ The Cooperative R/R&D Agreement (not to be confused with the Allocation of Rights Agreement, Section 4.1.4) shall be a single-page document (see example in Section 8) signed by the SBC and the RI. This agreement counts toward the 25-page limit.਀ 3.2.6 Proposed Budget਀ Summary Budget (Form C). The offeror shall complete the Summary Budget, following the instructions provided with the form (Section 8) and include it and any explanation sheets, if needed, as the last page(s) of the proposal. Information shall be submitted to explain the offeror’s plans for use of the requested funds to enable NASA to determine whether the proposed budget is fair and reasonable. The government is not responsible for any monies expended by the applicant before award of any contract.਀ Property. Proposed costs for materials may be included. "Materials" means property that may be incorporated or attached to a deliverable end item or that may be consumed or expended in performing the contract. It includes assemblies, components, parts, raw materials, and small tools that may be consumed in normal use. Any purchase of equipment or products under an SBIR/STTR contract using NASA funds should be American-made to the extent possible. NASA will not fund facility acquisition under Phase I as a direct cost (Section 5.17).਀ Travel. Travel during Phase I is not normally allowed to prove technical merit and feasibility of the proposed innovation. However, where the offeror deems travel to be essential for these purposes, it is necessary to limit it to one person, one trip to the sponsoring NASA installation. Proposed travel must be described as to purpose and benefits in proving feasibility, and is subject to negotiation and approval by the Contracting Officer. Trips to conferences are not allowed under the Phase I contract.਀ Profit. A profit or fee may be included in the proposed budget as noted in Section 5.12.਀ Cost Sharing. See Section 5.11.਀ 3.2.7 Briefing Chart (Optional) ਀ All technically meritorious proposals will be advocated to NASA senior management prior to selection. To assist NASA personnel in preparing information to advocate your proposal, a single-page briefing chart, as described in the on line electronic handbook, is encouraged. Submission of the briefing chart is optional and is not counted against the 25-page limit. An example chart has been provided in Appendix B.਀ 3.2.8 Prior Awards Addendum (Applicable for SBIR awards only)਀ If the SBC has received more than 15 Phase II awards in the prior 5 fiscal years, submit name of awarding agency, date of award, funding agreement number, amount, topic or subtopic title, follow-on agreement amount, source, and date of commitment and current commercialization status for each Phase II. The addendum is not included in the 25-page limit.਀ 3.3 Phase II Proposal Requirements਀ 3.3.1 General Requirements਀ The Phase I contract will serve as a request for proposal (RFP) for the Phase II follow-on project. Phase II proposals are more comprehensive than those required for Phase I. Phase II proposals are required to be submitted electronically by utilizing the electronic handbook system hosted on the NASA SBIR homepage (http://sbir.nasa.gov). Submission of a Phase II proposal is strictly voluntary and NASA assumes no responsibility for any proposal preparation expenses. ਀ Page Limitation. A Phase II proposal shall not exceed a total of 50 standard 8 1/2 x 11 inch (21.6 x 27.9 cm) pages. All items required in Section 3.3.2 will be included within this total. Each page shall be numbered consecutively at the bottom. Margins should be 1.0 inch (2.5 cm). Proposals exceeding the 50-page limitation may be rejected during administrative screening. ਀ Type Size. No type size smaller than 10 point is to be used for text or tables, except as legends on reduced drawings. Proposals prepared with smaller font sizes will be rejected without consideration.਀ Classified Information. NASA does not accept proposals that contain classified information.਀ 3.3.2 Format Requirements. All required items of information must be covered in the proposal. The space allocated to each part of the technical proposal will depend on the project and the offeror's approach. ਀ Each proposal submitted must contain the following items in the order presented:਀ऀ (1) Proposal Cover (Form A), electronically endorsed਀⠀㈀⤀ ऀ倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀洀洀愀爀礀 ⠀䘀漀爀洀 䈀⤀ (3) Technical Proposal (11 Parts in order as specified in Section 3.3.4), including all graphics, and starting with a table of contents ਀⠀㐀⤀ऀ匀甀洀洀愀爀礀 䈀甀搀最攀琀 ⠀䘀漀爀洀 䌀⤀ (5) Briefing Chart (Optional – not included in the 50-page limit)਀ 3.3.3 Proposal Cover and Proposal Summary਀ Page 1: Proposal Cover (Form A). A sample copy of the Proposal Cover is provided in Section 8. The offeror shall provide complete information for each item and submit the form as required in Section 6. The proposal project title shall be concise and descriptive of the proposed effort. The title should not use acronyms or words like "Development of" or "Study of." The NASA research topic title must not be used as the proposal title.਀ Page 2: Proposal Summary (Form B). A sample copy of the Proposal Summary is provided in Section 8. The offeror shall provide complete information for each item and submit Form B as required in Section 6. The technical abstract portion is limited to 200 words and shall summarize the implications of the approach and the anticipated results of Phase II. Potential NASA and non-NASA commercial applications of the technology should also be presented. If the technical abstract is judged to be non responsive to the subtopic, the proposal will be rejected without further evaluation. ਀ Note: The Proposal Cover (Form A) and the Proposal Summary (Form B), including the Technical Abstract, are public information and may be disclosed. Do not include proprietary information. ਀ 3.3.4 Technical Proposal. This part of the submission shall not contain any budget data and must consist of all eleven parts listed below in the given order. All parts must be numbered and titled; parts that are not applicable must be noted as “Not Applicable.” ਀ Part 1: Table of Contents਀ Part 2: Identification and Significance of the Innovation and Results of the Phase I Proposal. Provide a brief explanation of the specific innovation and describe how it is relevant to meeting NASA’s technology needs. In addition, describe how the Phase I effort has proven the feasibility of the innovation, provided a rationale for both NASA and commercial applications, and demonstrated the ability of the offeror to conduct the required R/R&D.਀ Part 3: Technical Objectives and Work Plan. Define the specific objectives of the Phase II research and technical approach; and provide a detailed work plan defining specific tasks, performance schedules, project milestones, and deliverables. ਀ Part 4: Company Information. Describe the capability of the firm to carry out Phase II and Phase III activities, including its organization, operations, number of employees, R/R&D capabilities, and experience relevant to the work proposed.਀ Part 5: Facilities and Equipment. This section shall provide adequate information to allow the evaluators to assess the ability of the SBC to carry out the proposed Phase II activities. The offeror should describe the relevant facilities and equipment currently available, and those to be purchased, to support the proposed activi-ties. NASA will not fund the acquisition of equipment, instrumentation, or facilities under Phase II contracts as a direct cost. Special tooling may be allowed. (Section 5.17)਀ Government wide SBIR and STTR policies prohibit the use of any SBIR/STTR award funds for the use of Government equipment and facilities. This does not preclude an SBC from utilizing a Government facility or Government equipment, but any charges for such use cannot be paid for with SBIR/STTR funds (SBA SBIR Policy Directive, Section 9 (f)(3)). In rare and unique circumstances, SBA may issue a case-by-case waiver to this provision after review of an agency’s written justification. NASA cannot guarantee that a waiver from this policy can be obtained from SBA.਀ If a proposed project or product demonstration requires a Government facility for successful completion, the offeror must provide a statement, signed by the appropriate Government official at the facility, verifying that it will be available for the required effort. The proposal should also include relevant information on the funding sources(s) (private, other Government, internal) for the effort.਀ Part 6: Key Personnel. Identify the key technical personnel for the project, confirm their availability for Phase II, and discuss their qualifications in terms of education, work experience, and accomplishments relevant to the project. ਀ Part 7: Subcontracts and Consultants. Describe in detail any subcontract, consultant, or other business arrangements involving participation in performance of the proposed R/R&D effort and provide written evidence of their availability for the project. The proposal must include a commitment from each subcontractor and/or consultant that they will be available at the times required for the purposes and extent of effort described in the proposal. Subcontractors’ and consultants’ work must be performed in the United States. Failure to provide subcontractor/consultant commitments may result in rejection of proposal. Note the following restrictions on subcontracts/consultants:਀ SBIR Phase II Proposal STTR Phase II Proposal਀䄀 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 漀昀 漀渀攀ⴀ栀愀氀昀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀欀 ⠀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 挀漀猀琀 氀攀猀猀 瀀爀漀昀椀琀⤀ 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 瀀攀爀ⴀ昀漀爀洀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀椀渀最 匀䈀䌀⸀ ऀऀ䄀 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 漀昀 㐀　 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀欀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀椀渀最 匀䈀䌀 愀渀搀 ㌀　 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 刀䤀⸀  ਀一漀琀攀㨀  吀栀攀 䌀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 刀䤀 椀渀 匀吀吀刀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀 猀栀愀氀氀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 刀䤀 椀渀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀⸀ ਀ऀ倀愀爀琀 㠀㨀  倀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀㨀  䐀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 戀漀琀栀 琀栀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 一䄀匀䄀 愀渀搀 渀漀渀ⴀ一䄀匀䄀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 愀猀猀甀洀椀渀最 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀⸀ऀ ਀ऀ倀愀爀琀 㤀㨀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀 䔀昀昀漀爀琀猀Ⰰ 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 倀氀愀渀渀椀渀最⸀  䐀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 瀀氀愀渀猀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⼀猀愀氀攀猀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀⤀ 椀渀 琀攀爀洀猀 漀昀 攀愀挀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀 ਀ऀऀ⠀㄀⤀ 䴀愀爀欀攀琀 䘀攀愀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 䌀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀㨀 䐀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 琀栀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀 洀愀爀欀攀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀瘀攀 愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 洀愀爀欀攀琀 猀椀稀攀 ⠀䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 渀漀渀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀⤀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀ᤀ猠 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀搀 洀愀爀欀攀琀 猀栀愀爀攀 愀昀琀攀爀 昀椀爀猀琀 礀攀愀爀 漀昀 猀愀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀昀琀攀爀 㔀 礀攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 愀渀搀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀渀最 搀漀洀攀猀琀椀挀 漀爀 昀漀爀攀椀最渀 攀渀琀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ ਀ऀऀ⠀㈀⤀ 匀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 刀攀氀攀瘀愀渀挀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 伀昀昀攀爀漀爀㨀 䐀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 琀栀攀 爀漀氀攀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 栀愀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀ᤀ猠 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 瀀氀愀渀 愀渀搀 椀渀 椀琀猀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 㔀 礀攀愀爀猀⸀ ਀ऀऀ⠀㌀⤀ 䬀攀礀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 倀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀 愀渀搀 伀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀㨀 䐀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 ⠀愀⤀ 琀栀攀 猀欀椀氀氀猀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀猀 漀昀 欀攀礀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀 椀渀 戀爀椀渀最椀渀最 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 洀愀爀欀攀琀Ⰰ ⠀戀⤀ 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ⠀挀⤀ 瀀氀愀渀猀 愀渀搀 琀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀猀 昀漀爀 漀戀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 渀攀攀搀攀搀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 攀砀瀀攀爀琀椀猀攀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀⸀ ਀ऀऀ⠀㐀⤀ 倀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 伀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀㨀 䐀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 搀愀琀攀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 洀椀氀攀猀琀漀渀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀渀猀 昀漀爀 爀攀愀挀栀椀渀最 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 氀攀瘀攀氀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 瀀氀愀渀猀 昀漀爀 漀戀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀⸀   ਀ऀऀ⠀㔀⤀ 䘀椀渀愀渀挀椀愀氀 倀氀愀渀渀椀渀最㨀  䐀攀氀椀渀攀愀琀攀 瀀爀椀瘀愀琀攀 昀椀渀愀渀挀椀愀氀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 搀攀搀椀挀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 ⠀戀漀琀栀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀⤀ 琀漀 搀愀琀攀⸀ 䐀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 昀椀渀愀渀挀椀愀氀 渀攀攀搀猀 愀渀搀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 琀漀 洀攀攀琀 琀栀漀猀攀 渀攀攀搀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 琀漀 戀爀椀渀最 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 琀漀 洀愀爀欀攀琀⸀  倀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 昀椀渀愀渀挀椀愀氀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀 昀椀渀愀渀挀椀愀氀 猀琀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 挀愀猀栀 昀氀漀眀 猀琀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀ऀऀ⠀㘀⤀  䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀㨀  䐀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 猀琀愀琀甀猀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 氀攀愀搀Ⰰ 琀爀愀搀攀 猀攀挀爀攀琀猀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀 瀀氀愀渀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 䤀倀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 爀攀愀氀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 猀琀愀最攀 愀渀搀 愀琀琀愀椀渀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 愀 琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀瘀攀 愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀⸀ ਀倀愀爀琀 ㄀　㨀 䌀愀瀀椀琀愀氀 䌀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀猀 匀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 愀渀搀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀⸀  䐀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 愀渀搀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀 挀愀瀀椀琀愀氀 挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 渀漀渀ⴀ匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 漀爀 昀爀漀洀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 匀䈀䌀 昀甀渀搀猀 昀漀爀 瀀甀爀猀甀椀琀 漀昀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 愀渀搀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀⸀ 伀昀昀攀爀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀 愀爀攀 猀琀爀漀渀最氀礀 甀爀最攀搀 琀漀 漀戀琀愀椀渀 渀漀渀ⴀ匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 昀漀氀氀漀眀ⴀ漀渀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 漀昀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 昀爀漀洀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀 漀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀椀渀最 昀椀爀洀⸀ 䘀甀渀搀椀渀最 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀猀 洀甀猀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀Ⰰ 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀琀椀愀氀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 洀愀搀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀洀 琀漀 瀀甀爀猀甀攀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀搀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 洀甀猀琀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀Ⰰ 搀愀琀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 漀爀 挀漀渀琀椀渀最攀渀挀椀攀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀 昀甀渀搀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 洀愀搀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀⸀ 䄀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀Ⰰ 猀攀氀昀ⴀ挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀礀瀀攀 愀渀搀 洀愀最渀椀琀甀搀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 漀甀琀猀椀搀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀⸀ 䤀昀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀䤀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 昀甀渀搀攀搀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 琀栀攀椀爀 昀椀渀愀渀挀椀愀氀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀⸀   ਀䔀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 漀甀琀猀椀搀攀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 椀渀 眀爀椀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 愀挀挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 琀栀攀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀ 䰀攀琀琀攀爀猀 漀昀 挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀礀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 漀琀栀攀爀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 琀漀 戀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀渀礀 挀漀渀琀椀渀最攀渀琀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䔀砀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 戀礀 猀甀挀栀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀爀 漀昀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 昀椀渀愀渀挀椀愀氀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 愀爀攀 椀渀猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 眀椀氀氀 渀漀琀 戀攀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀攀搀 愀猀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀猀 戀礀 一䄀匀䄀⸀ 䰀攀琀琀攀爀猀 漀昀 挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀搀搀攀搀 愀猀 愀渀 愀搀搀攀渀搀甀洀 琀漀 琀栀攀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 愀搀搀攀渀搀甀洀 眀椀氀氀 渀漀琀 戀攀 挀漀甀渀琀攀搀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 琀栀攀 㔀　ⴀ瀀愀最攀 氀椀洀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ਀ऀ倀愀爀琀 ㄀㄀㨀 刀攀氀愀琀攀搀 刀⼀刀☀䐀⸀  䐀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 刀⼀刀☀䐀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 眀漀爀欀 愀渀搀 愀昀昀椀爀洀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀搀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀琀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀 戀攀攀渀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀 愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 渀漀琀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀氀礀 戀攀椀渀最 瀀甀爀猀甀攀搀 攀氀猀攀眀栀攀爀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀㌀⸀㌀⸀㔀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 䈀甀搀最攀琀 ਀匀甀洀洀愀爀礀 䈀甀搀最攀琀 ⠀䘀漀爀洀 䌀⤀⸀  吀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 猀栀愀氀氀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 琀栀攀 匀甀洀洀愀爀礀 䈀甀搀最攀琀Ⰰ 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 琀栀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀 ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㠀⤀ 愀渀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 椀琀 愀渀搀 愀渀礀 攀砀瀀氀愀渀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀攀攀琀猀Ⰰ 椀昀 渀攀攀搀攀搀Ⰰ 愀猀 琀栀攀 氀愀猀琀 瀀愀最攀⠀猀⤀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀ 匀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀ᤀ猠 瀀氀愀渀猀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 昀甀渀搀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 一䄀匀䄀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 戀甀搀最攀琀 椀猀 昀愀椀爀 愀渀搀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 渀漀琀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 洀漀渀椀攀猀 攀砀瀀攀渀搀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀渀琀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 愀眀愀爀搀 漀昀 愀渀礀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 挀漀猀琀猀 昀漀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 洀愀礀 戀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀⸀ ∀䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀∀ 洀攀愀渀猀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 椀渀挀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀攀搀 漀爀 愀琀琀愀挀栀攀搀 琀漀 愀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀 攀渀搀 椀琀攀洀 漀爀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀甀洀攀搀 漀爀 攀砀瀀攀渀搀攀搀 椀渀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀椀渀最 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀⸀ 䤀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀椀攀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀琀猀Ⰰ 爀愀眀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀洀愀氀氀 琀漀漀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀甀洀攀搀 椀渀 渀漀爀洀愀氀 甀猀攀⸀ 䄀渀礀 瀀甀爀挀栀愀猀攀 漀昀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 愀渀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 甀猀椀渀最 一䄀匀䄀 昀甀渀搀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀ⴀ洀愀搀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀砀琀攀渀琀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 眀椀氀氀 渀漀琀 昀甀渀搀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀礀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀 甀渀搀攀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 愀猀 愀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 挀漀猀琀 ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㔀⸀㄀㜀⤀⸀ ਀吀爀愀瘀攀氀⸀  吀爀愀瘀攀氀 搀甀爀椀渀最 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 椀猀 渀漀琀 渀漀爀洀愀氀氀礀 愀氀氀漀眀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 洀攀爀椀琀 愀渀搀 昀攀愀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 搀攀攀洀猀 琀爀愀瘀攀氀 琀漀 戀攀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀猀Ⰰ 椀琀 椀猀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 琀漀 氀椀洀椀琀 椀琀 琀漀 漀渀攀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀Ⰰ 漀渀攀 琀爀椀瀀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀瀀漀渀猀漀爀椀渀最 一䄀匀䄀 椀渀猀琀愀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 琀爀愀瘀攀氀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 愀猀 琀漀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 愀渀搀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀猀 椀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀渀最 昀攀愀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀猀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 琀漀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瘀愀氀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䌀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀椀渀最 伀昀昀椀挀攀爀⸀ 吀爀椀瀀猀 琀漀 挀漀渀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 愀氀氀漀眀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀⸀ ਀倀爀漀昀椀琀⸀  䄀 瀀爀漀昀椀琀 漀爀 昀攀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 戀甀搀最攀琀 愀猀 渀漀琀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㔀⸀㄀㈀⸀ ਀䌀漀猀琀 匀栀愀爀椀渀最⸀  匀攀攀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㔀⸀㄀㄀⸀ ਀㌀⸀㌀⸀㘀ऀ䈀爀椀攀昀椀渀最 䌀栀愀爀琀 ⠀伀瀀琀椀漀渀愀氀⤀ ਀䄀氀氀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 洀攀爀椀琀漀爀椀漀甀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 愀搀瘀漀挀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀 猀攀渀椀漀爀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀漀 愀猀猀椀猀琀 一䄀匀䄀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀 椀渀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀椀渀最 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 愀搀瘀漀挀愀琀攀 礀漀甀爀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀Ⰰ 愀 猀椀渀最氀攀ⴀ瀀愀最攀 戀爀椀攀昀椀渀最 挀栀愀爀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 漀渀 氀椀渀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 栀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀 椀猀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀搀⸀ 匀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀爀椀攀昀椀渀最 挀栀愀爀琀 椀猀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀渀搀 椀猀 渀漀琀 挀漀甀渀琀攀搀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 琀栀攀 㔀　ⴀ瀀愀最攀 氀椀洀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䄀渀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 挀栀愀爀琀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 椀渀 䄀瀀瀀攀渀搀椀砀 䈀⸀ ਀㌀⸀㐀  匀䈀䄀 䐀愀琀愀 䌀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀 ਀䔀愀挀栀 匀䈀䌀 愀瀀瀀氀礀椀渀最 昀漀爀 愀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 愀眀愀爀搀 椀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 甀瀀搀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 吀攀挀栀ⴀ一攀琀 搀愀琀愀戀愀猀攀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 漀昀 椀琀猀 瀀爀椀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 愀眀愀爀搀猀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 甀瀀漀渀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 椀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 甀瀀搀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 吀攀挀栀ⴀ一攀琀 搀愀琀愀戀愀猀攀 愀渀搀 椀猀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 琀漀 瘀漀氀甀渀琀愀爀椀氀礀 甀瀀搀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀渀甀愀氀氀礀 琀栀攀爀攀愀昀琀攀爀 昀漀爀 愀 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 昀椀瘀攀 礀攀愀爀猀⸀ 䘀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 眀栀愀琀 琀漀 攀渀琀攀爀Ⰰ 最漀 琀漀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀琀攀挀栀渀攀琀⸀猀戀愀⸀最漀瘀⸀   ਀ 4. Method of Selection and Evaluation Criteria਀ 4.1 Phase I Proposals਀ Proposals judged to be responsive to the administrative requirements of this Solicitation and having a reasonable potential of meeting a NASA need, as evidenced by the technical abstract included in the Proposal Summary (Form B), will be evaluated by evaluators with a knowledge of the subtopic area.਀ 4.1.1 Evaluation Process. Proposals should provide all information needed for complete evaluation and evaluators are not expected to seek additional information. Evaluations will be performed by NASA scientists and engineers at the Centers identified in the Solicitation for each subtopic. Also, qualified experts outside of NASA (including industry, academia, and other Government agencies) may assist in performing evaluations as required to determine or verify the merit of a proposal. Offerors should not assume that evaluators are acquainted with the firm, key individuals, or with any experiments or other information. Any pertinent references or publications should be noted in Part 5 of the technical proposal. ਀ 4.1.2 Phase I Evaluation Criteria. NASA plans to select for award those proposals offering the best value to the Government and the Nation. NASA will give primary consideration to the scientific and technical merit and feasibility of the proposal and its benefit to NASA. Each proposal will be judged and scored on its own merits using the factors described below:਀ ਀䘀愀挀琀漀爀 ㄀⸀ 匀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀⼀吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䴀攀爀椀琀 䘀攀愀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀   The proposed R/R&D effort will be evaluated on whether it offers a clearly innovative and feasible technical approach to the described NASA problem area. Proposals must clearly demonstrate relevance to the subtopic. Specific objectives, approaches and plans for developing and verifying the innovation must demonstrate a clear understanding of the problem and the current state of the art. The degree of understanding and signifi-cance of the risks involved in the proposed innovation must be presented. ਀ Factor 2. Experience, Qualifications and Facilities ਀吀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀䤀 漀爀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 洀愀渀愀最攀爀Ⰰ 欀攀礀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀Ⰰ 猀琀愀昀昀Ⰰ 挀漀渀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀渀礀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀攀渀挀礀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 攀昀昀漀爀琀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 搀攀最爀攀攀 漀昀 挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀ 吀栀攀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 猀栀漀眀渀 琀漀 戀攀 愀搀攀焀甀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 愀渀礀 爀攀ⴀ氀椀愀渀挀攀 漀渀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 䘀甀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 䔀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀爀 䘀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀攀搀 ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㔀⸀㄀㜀⤀⸀ ਀䘀愀挀琀漀爀 ㌀⸀ 䔀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 圀漀爀欀 倀氀愀渀 The work plan will be reviewed for its comprehensiveness, effective use of available resources, cost manage-ment and proposed schedule for meeting the Phase I objectives. The methods planned to achieve each objective or task should be discussed in detail. ਀ STTR: The clear delineation of the responsibilities of the SBC and RI for the success of the proposed coop-erative R/R&D effort will be evaluated. The offeror must demonstrate the ability to organize for effective conversion of intellectual property into products or services of value to NASA and the commercial market-place.਀ Factor 4. Commercial Merit and Feasibility਀吀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀瘀愀琀攀 猀攀挀琀漀爀 漀爀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀匀挀漀爀椀渀最 漀昀 䘀愀挀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 圀攀椀最栀琀椀渀最㨀 䘀愀挀琀漀爀猀 ㄀Ⰰ ㈀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ㌀ 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 猀挀漀爀攀搀 渀甀洀攀爀椀挀愀氀氀礀 眀椀琀栀 䘀愀挀琀漀爀 ㄀ 眀漀爀琀栀 㔀　 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 䘀愀挀琀漀爀猀 ㈀ 愀渀搀 ㌀ 攀愀挀栀 眀漀爀琀栀 ㈀㔀 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀甀洀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀挀漀爀攀猀 昀漀爀 䘀愀挀琀漀爀猀 ㄀Ⰰ ㈀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ㌀ 眀椀氀氀 挀漀洀瀀爀椀猀攀 琀栀攀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䴀攀爀椀琀 猀挀漀爀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀挀漀爀攀 昀漀爀 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 䴀攀爀椀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀 愀渀 愀搀樀攀挀琀椀瘀愀氀 爀愀琀椀渀最 ⠀䔀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀琀Ⰰ 嘀攀爀礀 䜀漀漀搀Ⰰ 䄀瘀攀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 䈀攀氀漀眀 䄀瘀攀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 倀漀漀爀⤀⸀ 䘀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 ㄀ 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀Ⰰ 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䴀攀爀椀琀 挀愀爀爀椀攀猀 洀漀爀攀 眀攀椀最栀琀 琀栀愀渀 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 䴀攀爀椀琀⸀  ਀㐀⸀㄀⸀㌀ 匀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  䔀愀挀栀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 眀椀氀氀 洀愀欀攀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 愀眀愀爀搀 愀洀漀渀最 琀栀漀猀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀猀 愀渀搀 眀椀氀氀 爀愀渀欀 琀栀漀猀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀眀愀爀搀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀漀 愀氀氀 漀琀栀攀爀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀攀搀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀琀 琀栀愀琀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⸀ 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 爀愀渀欀椀渀最猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 昀漀爀眀愀爀搀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 伀昀昀椀挀攀 昀漀爀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 匀漀甀爀挀攀 匀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 愀渀搀 匀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 刀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀瘀攀猀⸀ 䘀椀渀愀氀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀猀 眀椀氀氀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 爀愀渀欀椀渀最猀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 一䄀匀䄀 瀀爀椀漀爀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 戀愀氀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 爀愀渀欀椀渀最猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀猀 搀漀 渀漀琀 最甀愀爀愀渀琀攀攀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 愀眀愀爀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀漀甀爀挀攀 匀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 栀愀猀 琀栀攀 昀椀渀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 挀栀漀漀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀吀栀攀 氀椀猀琀 漀昀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 瀀漀猀琀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 䠀漀洀攀瀀愀最攀 ⠀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀戀椀爀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⤀⸀  䄀氀氀 昀椀爀洀猀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 愀 昀漀爀洀愀氀 渀漀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 氀攀琀琀攀爀⸀ 䄀 䌀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀椀渀最 伀昀昀椀挀攀爀 眀椀氀氀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀攀 愀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 琀漀 戀攀 猀椀最渀攀搀 戀礀 戀漀琀栀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 眀漀爀欀 戀攀最椀渀猀⸀ ਀㐀⸀㄀⸀㐀 䄀氀氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 刀椀最栀琀猀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 ⠀匀吀吀刀 愀眀愀爀搀猀 漀渀氀礀⤀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 戀攀椀渀最 猀攀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 猀琀愀爀琀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 猀栀愀氀氀Ⰰ 椀昀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䌀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀椀渀最 伀昀昀椀挀攀爀Ⰰ 愀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀 䄀氀氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 刀椀最栀琀猀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 ⠀䄀刀䄀⤀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 猀椀最渀攀搀 戀礀 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀稀攀搀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀瘀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀Ⰰ 刀䤀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 䄀刀䄀 猀栀愀氀氀 猀琀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 愀氀氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 爀椀最栀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 匀吀吀刀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀渀渀攀搀 昀漀氀氀漀眀ⴀ漀渀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 4.2 Phase II Proposals਀ 4.2.1 Evaluation Process. The Phase II evaluation process is similar to the Phase I process. NASA plans to select for award those proposals offering the best value to the Government and the Nation. Each proposal will be reviewed by NASA scientists and engineers and by qualified experts outside of NASA as needed. In addition, those proposals with high technical merit will be reviewed for commercial merit. NASA uses a peer review panel to evaluate commercial merit. Panel membership will include non-NASA personnel expert in business development and technology commer-cialization.਀ 4.2.2 Evaluation Factors. The evaluation of Phase II proposals under this Solicitation will apply the following factors:਀ Factor 1. Scientific/Technical Merit and Feasibility ਀吀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 刀⼀刀☀䐀 攀昀昀漀爀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀搀 漀渀 椀琀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瘀愀氀甀攀Ⰰ 椀渀ⴀ挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀攀最爀攀攀 琀漀 眀栀椀挀栀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 洀攀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 昀攀愀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 琀栀攀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀 愀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 椀猀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀⸀ ਀䘀愀挀琀漀爀 ㈀⸀ 䘀甀琀甀爀攀 䤀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 嘀愀氀甀攀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀 The eventual value of the product, process, or technology results to the NASA mission will be assessed.਀ Factor 3. Capability of the Small Business Concern ਀一䄀匀䄀 眀椀氀氀 愀猀猀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 琀漀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 ⠀愀⤀ 琀栀攀 瘀愀氀椀搀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 瀀氀愀渀猀 昀漀爀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀搀 最漀愀氀猀㬀 ⠀戀⤀ 琀栀攀 焀甀愀氀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 琀攀愀洀 ⠀倀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 䤀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀⼀ 倀爀漀ⴀ樀攀挀琀 䴀愀渀愀最攀爀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 猀琀愀昀昀Ⰰ 挀漀渀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀漀爀猀⤀ 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀㬀 愀渀搀 ⠀挀⤀ 琀栀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 愀渀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ ਀䘀愀挀琀漀爀 㐀⸀ 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 倀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀⸀  一䄀匀䄀 眀椀氀氀 愀猀猀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀氀愀渀 椀渀 琀攀爀洀猀 漀昀 椀琀猀 挀爀攀搀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 欀攀礀 愀猀猀甀洀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 愀眀愀爀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 欀攀礀 爀椀猀欀 愀爀攀愀猀 愀渀搀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 瘀甀氀渀攀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 昀愀挀琀漀爀猀㨀 ਀ऀऀ⠀㄀⤀ 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀㨀 吀栀椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 ⠀愀⤀ 愀 眀攀氀氀ⴀ搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀㬀 ⠀戀⤀ 愀 爀攀愀氀椀猀琀椀挀 琀愀爀最攀琀 洀愀爀欀攀琀 渀椀挀栀攀㬀 ⠀挀⤀ 愀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀猀 猀琀爀漀渀最 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 甀渀椀焀甀攀氀礀 洀攀攀琀椀渀最 愀 眀攀氀氀ⴀ搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 渀攀攀搀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀 洀愀爀欀攀琀㬀 愀渀搀 ⠀搀⤀ 愀 挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 昀椀渀愀渀挀椀愀氀Ⰰ 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀⸀ ਀ऀऀ⠀㈀⤀ 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀㨀 吀栀椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 愀猀猀攀猀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瘀攀渀琀甀爀攀 昀漀爀 ⠀愀⤀ 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀挀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀ᤀ猠 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最㬀 ⠀戀⤀ 爀攀氀椀愀渀挀攀 漀渀 ⠀漀爀 氀愀挀欀 琀栀攀爀攀漀昀⤀ 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 洀愀爀欀攀琀猀㬀 愀渀搀 ⠀挀⤀ 愀搀攀焀甀愀挀礀 漀昀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 琀漀 戀爀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀漀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀 洀愀爀欀攀琀⸀ ਀ऀऀ⠀㌀⤀ 䌀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 琀漀 爀攀愀氀椀稀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 吀栀椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 ⠀愀⤀ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀ᤀ猠 瀀愀猀琀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 椀渀 戀爀椀渀最椀渀最 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀漀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀㬀 ⠀戀⤀ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀ᤀ猠 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最㬀 ⠀挀⤀ 琀栀攀 氀椀欀攀氀椀栀漀漀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 漀戀琀愀椀渀 琀栀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀椀渀最 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 昀椀渀愀渀挀椀愀氀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀ⴀ爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 琀漀 戀攀愀爀㬀 愀渀搀 ⠀搀⤀ 琀栀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀搀 昀椀渀愀渀挀椀愀氀 瘀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀⸀ ਀䤀渀 愀瀀瀀氀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀猀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 挀爀椀琀攀爀椀愀Ⰰ 一䄀匀䄀 眀椀氀氀 愀猀猀攀猀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀攀爀洀猀 漀昀 挀爀攀搀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 欀攀礀 愀猀猀甀洀瀀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 挀漀爀爀漀戀漀爀愀琀椀渀最 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 愀眀愀爀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 欀攀礀 爀椀猀欀 愀爀攀愀猀 愀渀搀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 瘀甀氀渀攀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀漀爀猀 漀昀 猀漀甀渀搀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 樀甀搀最洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀㐀⸀㈀⸀㌀ 䔀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 匀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  䘀愀挀琀漀爀猀 ㄀Ⰰ ㈀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ㌀ 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 猀挀漀爀攀搀 渀甀洀攀爀椀挀愀氀氀礀 眀椀琀栀 䘀愀挀琀漀爀 ㄀ 眀漀爀琀栀 㔀　 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 䘀愀挀琀漀爀猀 ㈀ 愀渀搀 ㌀ 攀愀挀栀 眀漀爀琀栀 ㈀㔀 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀甀洀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀挀漀爀攀猀 昀漀爀 䘀愀挀琀漀爀猀 ㄀Ⰰ ㈀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ㌀ 眀椀氀氀 挀漀洀瀀爀椀猀攀 琀栀攀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䴀攀爀椀琀 猀挀漀爀攀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀椀渀最 渀甀洀攀爀椀挀愀氀 猀挀漀爀攀猀 漀昀 㠀㔀 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 漀爀 栀椀最栀攀爀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 爀愀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀椀爀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 挀爀椀琀攀爀椀愀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 䘀愀挀琀漀爀 㐀 愀渀搀 戀礀 愀瀀瀀氀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 愀搀樀攀挀琀椀瘀愀氀 爀愀琀椀渀最猀 愀猀 猀攀琀 昀漀爀琀栀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀⸀ 圀栀攀爀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 攀焀甀愀氀 椀渀 洀攀爀椀琀Ⰰ 挀漀猀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 椀渀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀椀渀最 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀猀⸀ ਀䔀愀挀栀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 眀椀氀氀 洀愀欀攀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 愀眀愀爀搀 愀洀漀渀最 琀栀漀猀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀猀 愀渀搀 眀椀氀氀 爀愀渀欀 琀栀漀猀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀眀愀爀搀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀漀 愀氀氀 漀琀栀攀爀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀攀搀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀琀 琀栀愀琀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 刀攀挀漀洀ⴀ洀攀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀 刀攀瀀漀爀琀 ⠀眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 琀栀攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 爀愀渀欀椀渀最⤀ 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 昀漀爀眀愀爀搀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 伀昀昀椀挀攀 昀漀爀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 匀漀甀爀挀攀 匀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 愀渀搀 匀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 刀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀瘀攀猀⸀ 䘀椀渀愀氀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀猀 眀椀氀氀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 爀愀渀欀椀渀最猀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 一䄀匀䄀 瀀爀椀漀爀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 戀愀氀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 愀渀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀爀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀猀 ⠀瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 瀀攀爀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 琀漀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀⤀ 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 爀愀渀欀椀渀最猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀猀 搀漀 渀漀琀 最甀愀爀愀渀琀攀攀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 愀眀愀爀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀漀甀爀挀攀 匀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 栀愀猀 琀栀攀 昀椀渀愀氀 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 挀栀漀漀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ਀ 4.3 Debriefing of Unsuccessful Offerors਀ After Phase I and Phase II selection decisions have been announced, debriefings for unsuccessful proposals will be available to the offeror's corporate official or designee via e-mail. Telephone requests for debriefings will not be accepted. Debriefings are not opportunities to reopen selection decisions. They are intended to acquaint the offeror with perceived strengths and weaknesses of the proposal and perhaps identify constructive future action by the offeror. ਀ Debriefings will not disclose the identity of the proposal evaluators, nor provide proposal scores, rankings in the competition, the content of or comparisons with, other proposals.਀ 4.3.1 Phase I Debriefings. For Phase I proposals, debriefings will be automatically e-mailed to the designated business official within 60 days. If you have not received your debriefing by this time, contact the SBIR/STTR Program Support Office at sbir@reisys.com. ਀ 4.3.2 Phase II Debriefings. To request debriefings on Phase II proposals, offerors must request via e-mail to the SBIR/STTR Program Support Office at sbir@reisys.com within 60 days after selection announcement. The offeror will be contacted by the appropriate Field Center for debriefing. Late requests will not be honored. ਀ ਀  5. Considerations਀ 5.1 Awards਀ 5.1.1 Availability of Funds. Both Phase I and Phase II awards are subject to availability of funds. NASA has no obligation to make any specific number of Phase I or Phase II awards based on this Solicitation, and may elect to make several or no awards in any specific technical topic or subtopic. ਀ SBIR: NASA plans to announce the selection of approximately 300 proposals resulting from this Solicitation, for negotiation of Phase I contracts with values not exceed-ing $70,000. Following contract negotiations and awards, Phase I contrac-tors will have up to 6 months to carry out their programs, prepare their final reports, and submit Phase II proposals. Ø NASA anticipates that approximately 40 percent of the successfully completed Phase I projects from the SBIR 2003 Solicitation will be selected for Phase II. Phase II agreements are fixed-price con-tracts with performance periods not exceeding 24 months and funding not exceeding $600,000. ਀ STTR: NASA plans to announce the selection of approximately 40 proposals resulting from this Solicitation, for negotiation of Phase I contracts with values not exceeding $100,000. Following contract negotiations and awards, Phase I contractors will have up to 12 months to carry out their pro-grams, prepare their final reports, and submit Phase II proposals. Ø NASA anticipates that approximately 40 percent of the successfully completed Phase I projects from the STTR 2003 Solicitation will be selected for Phase II. Phase II agreements are fixed-price con-tracts with performance periods not exceeding 24 months and funding not exceeding $600,000.਀ 5.1.2 Contracting. Fixed-price contracts will be issued for both Phase I and Phase II awards. Simplified contract documentation is employed; however, SBCs selected for award can reduce processing time by examining the procurement documents, submitting signed representations and certifications, and responding to the Contracting Officer in a timely manner. NASA will make a Phase I model contract and other documents available to the public on the NASA SBIR/STTR homepage (http://sbir.nasa.gov) at the time of the selection announcement. From the time of proposal selection until the award of a contract, only the Contracting Officer is authorized to commit the Government, and all communications must be through the Contracting Officer.਀ Note: Costs incurred prior to and in anticipation of award of a contract are entirely the risk of the contractor in the event that a contract is not subsequently awarded.਀ 5.2 Phase I Reporting਀ Interim progress reports are required as described in the contract. These reports shall document progress made on the project and activities required for completion to provide NASA the basis for determining whether the payment is warranted.਀ A final report must be submitted to NASA upon completion of the Phase I R/R&D effort in accordance with contract provisions. It shall elaborate the project objectives, work carried out, results obtained, and assessments of technical merit and feasibility. The final report shall include a single-page summary as the first page, in a format provided in the Phase I contract, identifying the purpose of the R/R&D effort and describing the findings and results, including the degree to which the Phase I objectives were achieved, and whether the results justify Phase II con-tinuation. The potential applications of the project results in Phase III either for NASA or commercial purposes shall also be described. The final project summary is to be submitted without restriction for NASA publication. ਀ All reports are required to be submitted electronically via the SBIR/STTR homepage.਀ 5.3 Payment Schedule for Phase I਀ Payments can be authorized as follows: one-third at the time of award, one-third at project mid-point after award, and the remainder upon acceptance of the final report by NASA. The first two payments will be made 30 days after receipt of valid invoices. The final payment will be made 30 days after acceptance of the final report, the New Technology Report, and other deliverables as required by the contract. Electronic funds transfer will be employed and offerors will be required to submit account data if selected for contract negotiations.਀ 5.4 Release of Proposal Information਀ In submitting a proposal, the offeror agrees to permit the Government to disclose publicly the information contained on the Proposal Cover (Form A) and the Proposal Summary (Form B). Other proposal information (data) is considered to be the property of the offeror, and NASA will protect it from public disclosure to the extent permitted by law including the Freedom of Information Act. ਀ 5.5 Non-NASA Reviewers਀ In addition to Government personnel, NASA, at its discretion and in accordance with 1815.207-71 of the NASA FAR Supplement, may utilize qualified individuals from outside the Government in the proposal review process. Any decision to obtain an outside evaluation shall take into consideration requirements for the avoidance of organizational or personal conflicts of interest and the competitive relationship, if any, between the prospective contractor or subcontractor(s) and the prospective outside evaluator. Any such evaluation will be under agreement with the evaluator that the information (data) contained in the proposal will be used only for evaluation purposes and will not be further disclosed.਀ 5.6 Final Disposition of Proposals਀ The Government retains ownership of proposals accepted for evaluation, and such proposals will not be returned to the offeror. Copies of all evaluated Phase I proposals will be retained for one year after the Phase I selections have been made, after which time unsuccessful proposals will be destroyed. Successful proposals will be retained in accordance with contract file regulations. ਀ 5.7 Proprietary Information in the Proposal Submission਀ It is NASA's policy to use information (data) included in proposals for evaluation purposes only. Public release of information in any proposal submitted will be subject to existing statutory and regulatory requirements. If informa-tion consisting of a trade secret, proprietary commercial or financial information, or private personal information is provided in a proposal, NASA will treat in confidence the proprietary information provided the following legend appears on the title page of the proposal:਀ "For any purpose other than to evaluate the proposal, this data shall not be disclosed outside the Government and shall not be duplicated, used, or disclosed in whole or in part, provided that if a funding agreement is awarded to the offeror as a result of or in connection with the submission of this data, the Government shall have the right to duplicate, use or disclose the data to the extent provided in the funding agreement. This restriction does not limit the Government's right to use information contained in the data if it is obtained from another source without restriction. The data subject to this restriction are contained in pages _____ of this proposal."਀ Note: Do not label the entire proposal proprietary. The Proposal Cover (Form A) ,the Proposal Summary (Form B), and the Optional Briefing Chart should not contain proprietary information.਀ 5.8 Limited Rights Information and Data਀ Rights to data used in, or first produced under, any Phase I or Phase II contract are specified in the clause at FAR 52.227-20, Rights in Data--SBIR/STTR Program. The clause provides for rights consistent with the following:਀ 5.8.1 Non Proprietary Data. Some data of a general nature are to be furnished to NASA without restriction (i.e., with unlimited rights) and may be published by NASA. These data will normally be limited to the project summaries accompanying any periodic progress reports and the final reports required to be submitted. The requirement will be specifically set forth in any contract resulting from this Solicitation.਀ 5.8.2 Proprietary Data. When data that is required to be delivered under an SBIR/STTR contract qualifies as “proprietary,” i.e., either data developed at private expense that embody trade secrets or are commercial or financial and confidential or privileged, or computer software developed at private expense that is a trade secret, the contractor, if the contractor desires to continue protection of such proprietary data, shall not deliver such data to the Government, but instead shall deliver form, fit, and function data.਀ 5.8.3 Non Disclosure Period. The Government, for a period of 4 years from acceptance of all items to be delivered under an SBIR/STTR contract, shall use the data, i.e., data first produced by the contractor in performance of the contract, where such data are not generally known, and which data without obligation as to its confidentiality have not been made available to others by the contractor or are not already available to the Government, agrees to use these data for Government purposes. These data shall not be disclosed outside the Government (including disclosure for procurement purposes) during the 4-year period without permission of the contractor, except that such data may be disclosed for use by support contractors under an obligation of confidentiality. After the 4-year period, the Government has a royalty-free license to use, and to authorize others to use on its behalf, these data for Government purposes, but the Government is relieved of all disclosure prohibitions and assumes no liability for unauthorized use by third parties.਀ 5.8.4 Copyrights. Subject to certain licenses granted by the contractor to the Government, the contractor receives copyright to any data first produced by the contractor in the performance of an SBIR/STTR contract.਀ 5.8.5 Patents. The contractor may normally elect title to any inventions made in the performance of an SBIR/STTR contract. The Government receives a nonexclusive license to practice or have practiced for or on behalf of the Government each such invention throughout the world. Small business concerns normally may retain the principal worldwide patent rights to any invention developed with Government support. The Government receives a royalty-free license for Federal Government use, reserves the right to require the patent holder to license others in certain circumstances, and requires that anyone exclusively licensed to sell the invention in the United States must normally manufacture it domestically.਀ In accordance with the Patent Rights Clause (FAR 52.227-11), SBIR/STTR contractors must disclose all subject inventions, which means any invention or discovery which is or may be patentable and is conceived or first actually reduced to practice in the performance of the contract. Once disclosed, the contractor has 2 years to decide whether to elect title. If the contractor fails to do so within the 2-year time period, the Government has the right to obtain title.਀ To the extent authorized by 35 USC 205, the Government will not make public any information disclosing such inventions, allowing the contractor the allowable time to file a patent.਀ Costs associated with patent applications are not allowable.਀ 5.8.6 Invention Reporting. SBIR awardees must report inventions to the awarding agency within 2 months of the inventor’s report to the awardee. The reporting of inventions should be accomplished in accordance with the negotiated contract. ਀ 5.9 Cost Sharing਀ Cost sharing is permitted, but not required for proposals under this Solicitation. Cost sharing, if included, should be shown in the summary budget but not in items labeled "AMOUNT REQUESTED." No profit will be paid on the cost-sharing portion of the contract.਀ STTR: If cost sharing is proposed, then these added funds shall be included in the 40/30 work percentage distribu-tion and reflected in the Summary Budget (Form C).਀ 5.10 Profit or Fee਀ Both Phase I and Phase II contracts may include a reasonable profit. The reasonableness of proposed profit is determined by the Contracting Officer during contract negotiations. ਀  5.11 Joint Ventures and Limited Partnerships਀ Both joint ventures and limited partnerships are permitted, provided the entity created qualifies as an SBC in accordance with the definition in Section 2.12. A statement of how the work load will be distributed, managed, and charged should be included in the proposal. A copy or comprehensive summary of the joint venture agreement or partnership agreement should be appended to the proposal. This will not count as part of the 25-page limit for the Phase I proposal.਀ 5.12 Similar Awards and Prior Work਀ If an award is made pursuant to a proposal submitted under either SBIR or STTR Solicitation, the firm will be required to certify that it has not previously been paid nor is currently being paid for essentially equivalent work by any agency of the Federal Government. Failure to acknowledge or report similar or duplicate efforts can lead to the termination of contracts or civil or criminal penalties.਀ 5.13 Contractor Commitments਀ Upon award of a contract, the contractor will be required to make certain legal commitments through acceptance of numerous clauses in the Phase I contract. The outline that follows illustrates the types of clauses that will be included. This is not a complete list of clauses to be included in Phase I contracts, nor does it contain specific wording of these clauses. Copies of complete provisions will be made available prior to contract negotiations.਀ 5.13.1 Standards of Work. Work performed under the contract must conform to high professional standards. Analyses, equipment, and components for use by NASA will require special consideration to satisfy the stringent safety and reliability requirements imposed in aerospace applications.਀ 5.13.2 Inspection. Work performed under the contract is subject to Government inspection and evaluation at all reasonable times.਀ 5.13.3 Examination of Records. The Comptroller General (or a duly authorized representative) shall have the right to examine any directly pertinent records of the contractor involving transactions related to the contract.਀ 5.13.4 Default. The Government may terminate the contract if the contractor fails to perform the contracted work.਀ 5.13.5 Termination for Convenience. The contract may be terminated by the Government at any time if it deems termination to be in its best interest, in which case the contractor will be compensated for work performed and for reasonable termination costs.਀ 5.13.6 Disputes. Any dispute concerning the contract that cannot be resolved by mutual agreement shall be decided by the Contracting Officer with right of appeal.਀ 5.13.7 Contract Work Hours. The contractor may not require a non-exempt employee to work more than 40 hours in a work week unless the employee is paid for overtime.਀ 5.13.8 Equal Opportunity. The contractor will not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, color, religion, age, sex, or national origin.਀ 5.13.9 Affirmative Action for Veterans. The contractor will not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because he or she is a disabled veteran or veteran of the Vietnam era.਀ 5.13.10 Affirmative Action for Handicapped. The contractor will not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because he or she is physically or mentally handicapped.਀ 5.13.11 Officials Not to Benefit. No member of or delegate to Congress shall benefit from an SBIR or STTR contract.਀ 5.13.12 Covenant Against Contingent Fees. No person or agency has been employed to solicit or to secure the contract upon an understanding for compensation except bona fide employees or commercial agencies maintained by the contractor for the purpose of securing business.਀ 5.13.13 Gratuities. The contract may be terminated by the Government if any gratuities have been offered to any representative of the Government to secure the contract.਀ 5.13.14 Patent Infringement. The contractor shall report to NASA each notice or claim of patent infringement based on the performance of the contract.਀ 5.13.15 American-Made Equipment and Products. Equipment or products purchased under an SBIR or STTR contract must be American-made whenever possible.਀ 5.13.16 Export Control Laws. The contractor shall comply with all U.S. export control laws and regulations, including the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) and the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).਀ 5.14 Additional Information਀ 5.14.1 Precedence of Contract Over Solicitation. This Program Solicitation reflects current planning. If there is any inconsistency between the information contained herein and the terms of any resulting SBIR/STTR contract, the terms of the contract are controlling.਀ 5.14.2 Evidence of Contractor Responsibility. Before award of an SBIR or STTR contract, the Government may request the offeror to submit certain organizational, management, personnel, and financial information to establish responsibility of the offeror. Contractor responsibility includes all resources required for contractor performance, i.e., financial capability, work force, and facilities.਀ 5.14.3 Central Contractor Registration: Offerors should be aware of the requirement to register in the Central Contractor Registration (CCR) database prior to contract award. To avoid a potential delay in contract award, offerors are strongly encouraged to register prior to submitting a proposal.਀ The CCR database is the primary repository for contractor information required for the conduct of business with NASA. It is maintained by the Department of Defense. To be registered in the CCR database, all mandatory information, which includes the DUNS or DUNS+4 number, and a CAGE code, must be validated in the CCR system. The DUNS number or Data Universal Number System is a 9-digit number assigned by Dun and Bradstreet Information Services (http://www.dnb.com) to identify unique business entities. The DUNS+4 is similar, but includes a 4-digit suffix that may be assigned by a parent (controlling) business concern. The CAGE code or Commercial Government and Entity Code is assigned by the Defense Logistics Information Service (DLIS) to identify a commercial or Government entity. If an SBC does not have a CAGE code, one will be assigned during the CCR registration process.਀ The DoD has established a goal of registering an applicant in the CCR database within 48 hours after receipt of a complete and accurate application via the Internet. However, registration of an applicant submitting an application through a method other than the Internet may take up to 30 days. Therefore, offerors that are not registered should consider applying for registration immediately upon receipt of this solicitation. Offerors and contractors may obtain information on CCR registration and annual confirmation requirements via the Internet at http://www.ccr.gov or by calling 888-CCR-2423 (888-227-2423). ਀ 5.15 Property and Facilities਀ In accordance with the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) Part 45, it is NASA's policy not to provide facilities (capital equipment, tooling, test and computer facilities, etc.) for the performance of work under contract. An SBC will furnish its own facilities to perform the proposed work as an indirect cost to the contract. Special tooling required for a project may be allowed as a direct cost.਀ When an SBC cannot furnish its own facilities to perform required tasks, an SBC may propose to acquire the use of available non Government facilities. Rental or lease costs may be considered as direct costs as part of the total funding for the project. If unique requirements force an offeror to acquire facilities under a NASA contract, they will be purchased as Government Furnished Equipment (GFE) and will be titled to the Government. An offeror may propose the use of unique or one-of-a-kind Government facilities if essential for the research. (See Section 3.3.4). ਀ If a proposed project or product demonstration requires a Government facility for successful completion, the offeror must provide a statement, signed by the appropriate Government official at the facility, verifying that it will be available for the required effort. The proposal should also include relevant information on the funding sources(s) (private, other Government, internal) for the effort.਀ 5.16 False Statements਀ Knowingly and willfully making any false, fictitious, or fraudulent statements or representations may be a felony under the Federal Criminal False Statement Act (18 U.S.C. Sec 1001), punishable by a fine of up to $10,000, up to five years in prison, or both.਀ ਀㘀⸀  匀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 ਀㘀⸀㄀ 匀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀   ਀一䄀匀䄀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀猀 愀 瀀愀瀀攀爀氀攀猀猀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 昀漀爀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀椀渀最 昀椀爀洀 栀愀瘀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 愀渀 攀ⴀ洀愀椀氀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀⸀ 倀愀瀀攀爀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀 氀漀渀最攀爀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀攀搀⸀ ਀䄀渀 䔀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 䠀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀 昀漀爀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀椀渀最 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 瘀椀愀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 椀猀 栀漀猀琀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 䠀漀洀攀瀀愀最攀 ⠀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀戀椀爀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 栀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀 眀椀氀氀 最甀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀洀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 猀琀攀瀀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀椀渀最 愀渀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀ 䄀氀氀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 栀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀 猀攀挀甀爀攀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 一䄀匀䄀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀洀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 瘀椀愀 愀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 栀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀猀 愀渀搀 攀ⴀ洀愀椀氀⸀ ਀㘀⸀㈀ 匀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 倀爀漀挀攀猀猀 ਀吀漀 戀攀最椀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀Ⰰ 匀䈀䌀猀 洀甀猀琀 昀椀爀猀琀 爀攀最椀猀琀攀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 栀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀Ⰰ 漀爀 愀渀 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀稀攀搀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀瘀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀Ⰰ 戀攀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀 琀漀 爀攀最椀猀琀攀爀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀䈀䌀ᤀ猠 䔀洀瀀氀漀礀攀爀 䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 一甀洀戀攀爀 ⠀䔀䤀一⤀⼀吀愀砀瀀愀礀攀爀 䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 一甀洀戀攀爀 椀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 搀甀爀椀渀最 爀攀最椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀   ਀䘀漀爀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 匀䈀䌀猀 洀甀猀琀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 愀氀氀 琀栀爀攀攀 昀漀爀洀猀 漀渀 氀椀渀攀Ⰰ 甀瀀氀漀愀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 椀渀 愀渀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 攀渀搀漀爀猀攀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀ 䔀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 攀渀搀漀爀猀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 椀猀 栀愀渀搀氀攀搀 漀渀 氀椀渀攀 眀椀琀栀 渀漀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀攀爀洀 ᰀ琠攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀ᴀ†爀攀昀攀爀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 愀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㐀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 愀渀搀 ㌀⸀㌀⸀㐀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀⸀ ਀㘀⸀㈀⸀㄀  圀栀愀琀 一攀攀搀猀 琀漀 䈀攀 匀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀   ਀吀栀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 䘀漀爀洀猀 䄀Ⰰ 䈀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䌀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 瘀椀愀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 栀漀洀攀 瀀愀最攀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 愀琀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀戀椀爀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⸀  ਀愀⸀ऀ䘀漀爀洀猀 䄀Ⰰ 䈀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䌀 愀爀攀 琀漀 戀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀 漀渀氀椀渀攀⸀   b. The technical proposal is uploaded from your computer via the Internet utilizing secure communication protocol. ਀挀⸀ऀ䘀椀爀洀猀 愀爀攀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀搀 琀漀 甀瀀氀漀愀搀 愀渀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀愀氀 戀爀椀攀昀椀渀最 挀栀愀爀琀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 渀漀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀愀最攀 挀漀甀渀琀 ⠀匀攀攀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㜀 愀渀搀 ㌀⸀㌀⸀㘀⤀⸀   ਀一漀琀攀㨀  伀琀栀攀爀 昀漀爀洀猀 漀昀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 瀀漀猀琀愀氀Ⰰ 瀀愀瀀攀爀Ⰰ 昀愀砀Ⰰ 搀椀猀欀攀琀琀攀Ⰰ 漀爀 攀ⴀ洀愀椀氀 愀琀琀愀挀栀洀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀戀氀攀⸀ ਀㘀⸀㈀⸀㈀  吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀  一䄀匀䄀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀琀猀 愀氀氀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 昀椀氀攀猀 琀漀 倀䐀䘀 昀漀爀洀愀琀 昀漀爀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀Ⰰ 一䄀匀䄀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 戀攀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 椀渀 倀䐀䘀 昀漀爀洀愀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀猀 挀漀洀瀀愀ⴀ渀椀攀猀 琀漀 搀漀 猀漀⸀ 伀琀栀攀爀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀猀 愀爀攀 䴀匀 圀漀爀欀猀Ⰰ 䴀匀 圀漀爀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 圀漀爀搀倀攀爀昀攀挀琀⸀  唀渀椀砀 愀渀搀 吀攀堀 甀猀攀爀猀 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 渀漀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 搀甀攀 琀漀 倀䐀䘀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀椀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 渀漀渀ⴀ猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀 昀漀渀琀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 漀甀琀瀀甀琀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 昀椀氀攀猀 椀渀 䐀嘀䤀 昀漀爀洀愀琀⸀   ਀䜀爀愀瀀栀椀挀猀⸀  䘀漀爀 爀攀愀猀漀渀猀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 挀漀渀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀椀洀瀀氀椀挀椀琀礀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 椀猀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀搀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 渀漀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀Ⰰ 琀漀 攀洀戀攀搀 最爀愀瀀栀椀挀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀⸀ 䘀漀爀 最爀愀瀀栀椀挀猀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 愀猀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 昀椀氀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀戀氀攀 昀椀氀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀猀 ⠀愀渀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 攀砀琀攀渀猀椀漀渀猀⤀ 愀爀攀㨀 䈀椀琀ⴀ䴀愀瀀瀀攀搀 ⠀⸀戀洀瀀⤀Ⰰ 䜀爀愀瀀栀椀挀猀 䤀渀琀攀爀挀栀愀渀最攀 䘀漀爀洀愀琀 ⠀⸀最椀昀⤀Ⰰ 䨀倀䔀䜀 ⠀⸀樀瀀最⤀Ⰰ 倀䌀 倀愀椀渀琀戀爀甀猀栀 ⠀⸀瀀挀砀⤀Ⰰ 圀漀爀搀倀攀爀昀攀挀琀 䜀爀愀瀀栀椀挀 ⠀⸀眀瀀最⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 吀愀最最攀搀ⴀ䤀洀愀最攀 䘀漀爀洀愀琀 ⠀⸀琀椀昀⤀⸀   ਀嘀椀爀甀猀 䌀栀攀挀欀⸀  吀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 椀猀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀椀渀最 愀 瘀椀爀甀猀 挀栀攀挀欀 漀渀 攀愀挀栀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀ 䄀猀 愀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 攀渀琀攀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀Ⰰ 一䄀匀䄀 眀椀氀氀 猀挀愀渀 攀愀挀栀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 昀漀爀 瘀椀爀甀猀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 戀礀 一䄀匀䄀Ⰰ 漀昀 愀 瘀椀爀甀猀 漀渀 愀渀礀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀Ⰰ 洀愀礀 挀愀甀猀攀 爀攀樀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀  ਀㘀⸀㌀ 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 唀瀀氀漀愀搀猀 ਀䘀椀爀洀猀 眀椀氀氀 甀瀀氀漀愀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 匀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 栀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀⸀ 䐀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 琀漀 愀猀猀椀猀琀 甀猀攀爀猀⸀  䄀氀氀 琀爀愀渀猀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 瘀椀愀 琀栀攀 䔀䠀䈀 愀爀攀 攀渀挀爀礀瀀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 猀攀挀甀爀椀琀礀⸀  倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 甀瀀氀漀愀搀攀搀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 琀椀洀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 攀愀挀栀 渀攀眀 甀瀀氀漀愀搀 爀攀瀀氀愀挀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀⸀ 䄀渀 攀ⴀ洀愀椀氀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 猀攀渀琀 愀挀欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最椀渀最 攀愀挀栀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 甀瀀氀漀愀搀⸀ 䄀渀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 椀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 戀攀氀漀眀㨀 ਀ Sample E-mail for Successful Upload of Technical Proposal਀ Subject: Successful Upload of Technical Proposal਀ Upload of Technical Document for your NASA SBIR/STTR Proposal No. _________਀ This message is to confirm the successful upload of your technical proposal document for:਀ Proposal No. ____________਀⠀唀瀀氀漀愀搀攀搀 䘀椀氀攀 一愀洀攀⼀匀椀稀攀⼀䐀愀琀攀⤀ ਀倀氀攀愀猀攀 渀漀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀渀礀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀 甀瀀氀漀愀搀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀 氀漀渀最攀爀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 愀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 礀漀甀爀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀⸀ ਀吀栀椀猀 攀ⴀ洀愀椀氀 椀猀 一伀吀 䄀 刀䔀䌀䔀䤀倀吀 伀䘀 匀唀䈀䴀䤀匀匀䤀伀一 漀昀 礀漀甀爀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 ਀䤀䴀倀伀刀吀䄀一吀℀  吀栀攀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 漀爀 愀渀 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀稀攀搀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀甀猀琀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 攀渀搀漀爀猀攀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䔀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 䠀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀 甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 ᰀ匠椀最渀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀ᴀ†猀琀攀瀀⸀  唀瀀漀渀 攀渀搀漀爀猀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 礀漀甀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 愀渀 攀ⴀ洀愀椀氀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 礀漀甀爀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 爀攀挀攀椀瀀琀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀⸀ ⸀ ਀吀栀愀渀欀 礀漀甀 昀漀爀 礀漀甀爀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 一䄀匀䄀ᤀ猠 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀⸀ ਀一䄀匀䄀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 匀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 伀昀昀椀挀攀 ਀ ਀夀漀甀 洀愀礀 甀瀀氀漀愀搀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 琀椀洀攀猀 戀甀琀 漀渀氀礀 琀栀攀 昀椀渀愀氀 甀瀀氀漀愀搀攀搀 愀渀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 攀渀搀漀爀猀攀搀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 洀愀礀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀⸀   ਀㘀⸀㐀 䐀攀愀搀氀椀渀攀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 刀攀挀攀椀瀀琀   ਀䄀氀氀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 渀漀 氀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 㔀㨀　　 瀀⸀洀⸀ 䔀䐀吀 漀渀 吀甀攀猀搀愀礀Ⰰ 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀 㤀Ⰰ ㈀　　㌀Ⰰ 瘀椀愀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 栀漀洀攀瀀愀最攀 ⠀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀戀椀爀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀攀爀瘀攀爀⼀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 栀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀 眀椀氀氀 渀漀琀 戀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀椀猀 搀攀愀搀氀椀渀攀⸀ 䄀渀礀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀愀琀 搀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 琀椀洀攀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 氀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 栀愀渀搀氀攀搀 愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀 䘀䄀刀 匀甀瀀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀 ㄀㠀㄀㔀⸀㈀　㠀⸀    ਀㘀⸀㔀 䄀挀欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最洀攀渀琀 漀昀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 刀攀挀攀椀瀀琀 ਀吀栀攀 昀椀渀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䘀漀爀洀 䄀 ⠀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 攀渀搀漀爀猀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀⤀Ⰰ 䘀漀爀洀 䈀Ⰰ 䘀漀爀洀 䌀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 甀瀀氀漀愀搀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 眀椀氀氀 愀挀欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 爀攀挀攀椀瀀琀 漀昀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 甀瀀漀渀 攀渀搀漀爀猀攀洀攀渀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 琀漀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀ᤀ猠 攀ⴀ洀愀椀氀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 愀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 挀漀瘀攀爀 猀栀攀攀琀⸀ 䤀昀 愀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 愀挀欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最洀攀渀琀 椀猀 渀漀琀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 挀愀氀氀 一䄀匀䄀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 匀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 伀昀昀椀挀攀 愀琀 ㌀　㄀ⴀ㤀㌀㜀ⴀ　㠀㠀㠀⸀ 䄀渀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 椀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 戀攀氀漀眀㨀 ਀ ਀ Sample E-mail for Official Confirmation of Receipt of Full Proposal:਀ Subject: Official Receipt of your NASA SBIR/STTR Proposal No. _______________਀ Confirmation No. __________________਀ This message is to acknowledge electronic receipt of your NASA SBIR/STTR Proposal No. _______________.਀ Your proposal, including the forms and the technical document, has been received at the NASA SBIR/STTR Support Office.਀ SBIR/STTR 2003 Phase I xx.xx-xxxx (Title)਀䘀漀爀洀 䄀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀 漀渀㨀 Form B completed on:਀䘀漀爀洀 䌀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀 漀渀㨀 Technical Proposal Uploaded on:਀ऀ䘀椀氀攀 一愀洀攀㨀 File Type:਀ऀ䘀椀氀攀 匀椀稀攀㨀 Briefing Chart (Optional) completed on: ਀倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 攀渀搀漀爀猀攀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 戀礀㨀 ਀ This is your official confirmation of receipt. 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The official selection announcement is currently scheduled for November 19, 2003, and will be posted via the SBIR/STTR homepage (http://sbir.nasa.gov).਀ Thank your for your participation in the NASA SBIR/STTR program.਀ NASA SBIR/STTR Program Support Office਀ ਀㘀⸀㘀 圀椀琀栀搀爀愀眀愀氀 漀昀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 ਀倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 洀愀礀 戀攀 眀椀琀栀搀爀愀眀渀 瘀椀愀 琀栀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 栀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 栀漀猀琀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 匀䈀䤀刀 栀漀洀攀瀀愀最攀 ⠀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀戀椀爀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⤀ 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀漀爀猀攀洀攀渀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀愀琀攀搀 匀䈀䌀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀⸀   ਀㘀⸀㜀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 漀昀 倀爀漀琀攀猀琀猀 ਀倀爀漀琀攀猀琀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀㌀⸀㄀　㄀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 䘀䄀刀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 昀椀氀攀搀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀 愀最攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀瀀椀攀猀 漀昀 愀渀礀 瀀爀漀琀攀猀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 昀椀氀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀 䄀挀挀漀甀渀琀椀渀最 伀昀昀椀挀攀 ⠀䜀䄀伀⤀Ⰰ 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 猀攀爀瘀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䌀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀椀渀最 伀昀昀椀挀攀爀 戀礀 漀戀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 愀渀搀 搀愀琀攀搀 愀挀欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 爀攀挀攀椀瀀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 䴀愀渀愀最攀爀 愀琀 琀栀攀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 戀攀氀漀眀㨀 ਀倀愀甀氀 䴀攀砀挀甀爀Ⰰ 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 䴀愀渀愀最攀爀 NASA SBIR/STTR Program Management Office ਀䌀漀搀攀 㐀　㠀Ⰰ 䜀漀搀搀愀爀搀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001਀圀椀渀昀椀攀氀搀⸀倀⸀䴀攀砀挀甀爀䀀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀 ਀  The copy of any protest shall be received by the NASA SBIR/STTR Program Manager within one day of filing a protest with the GAO.਀ ਀㜀⸀  匀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 愀渀搀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 匀漀甀爀挀攀猀 ਀㜀⸀㄀ 一䄀匀䄀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 䠀漀洀攀瀀愀最攀 ਀䐀攀琀愀椀氀攀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 一䄀匀䄀✀猀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀猀 椀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 愀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀戀椀爀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⸀ ਀㜀⸀㈀ 一䄀匀䄀 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 一攀琀眀漀爀欀 ਀吀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 一攀琀眀漀爀欀 ⠀一䌀吀一⤀ 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀猀 愀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 漀渀 氀椀渀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀⸀  吀栀攀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 一䌀吀一 栀漀洀攀瀀愀最攀 椀猀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀渀挀琀渀⸀栀焀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⼀ ਀㜀⸀㌀ 一䄀匀䄀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 唀琀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 ਀吀栀攀 一愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 吀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 ⠀一吀吀䌀⤀Ⰰ 猀瀀漀渀猀漀爀攀搀 戀礀 一䄀匀䄀 椀渀 挀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 愀最攀渀挀椀攀猀Ⰰ 猀攀爀瘀攀猀 愀猀 愀 渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀 昀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 一吀吀䌀 栀愀猀 愀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 爀漀氀攀 琀漀 最攀琀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 栀愀渀搀猀 漀昀 唀⸀匀⸀ 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀攀猀⸀ 䤀琀猀 最愀琀攀眀愀礀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 洀愀欀攀 椀琀 攀愀猀礀 琀漀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 搀愀琀愀戀愀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀漀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀 攀砀瀀攀爀琀猀 椀渀 礀漀甀爀 愀爀攀愀 漀昀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀⸀ 䘀漀爀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 挀愀氀氀 㠀　　ⴀ㘀㜀㠀ⴀ㘀㠀㠀㈀⸀ ਀一䄀匀䄀✀猀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀 漀昀 刀攀最椀漀渀愀氀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 吀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀猀 ⠀刀吀吀䌀猀⤀ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀ⴀ洀攀渀琀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 一䄀匀䄀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 琀栀攀猀攀 挀攀渀琀攀爀猀 洀愀礀 漀昀昀攀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀⸀ 刀吀吀䌀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀攀搀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 愀猀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 戀攀氀漀眀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 眀栀愀琀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 琀漀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀 昀攀攀猀 挀栀愀爀最攀搀⸀ 䄀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀Ⰰ 琀漀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀 愀渀礀 刀吀吀䌀Ⰰ 挀愀氀氀 㠀　　ⴀ㐀㜀㈀ⴀ㘀㜀㠀㔀⸀ ਀一漀爀琀栀攀愀猀琀㨀    䌀攀渀琀攀爀 昀漀爀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀    䴀愀猀猀愀挀栀甀猀攀琀琀猀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 倀愀爀欀    ㄀㐀　　 䌀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 䐀爀椀瘀攀    圀攀猀琀戀漀爀漀Ⰰ 䴀䄀  　㄀㔀㠀㄀ⴀ㔀　㐀㌀    倀栀漀渀攀㨀 㔀　㠀ⴀ㠀㜀　ⴀ　　㐀㈀    唀刀䰀㨀    栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀挀琀挀⸀漀爀最ऀ䴀椀搀ⴀ䄀琀氀愀渀琀椀挀㨀    吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀Ⰰ 䤀渀挀⸀    ㄀㈀　㔀　 䨀攀昀昀攀爀猀漀渀 䄀瘀攀渀甀攀Ⰰ 匀甀椀琀攀 ㌀㐀　    一攀眀瀀漀爀琀 一攀眀猀Ⰰ 嘀䄀  ㈀㌀㘀　㘀    倀栀漀渀攀㨀 㜀㔀㜀ⴀ㈀㘀㤀ⴀ　　㈀㔀    唀刀䰀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀琀攀挀挀攀渀琀攀爀⸀漀爀最 Southeast: Georgia Institute of Technology 151 6th Street216 O’Keefe BuildingAtlanta, GA 30332-0640Phone: 800-472-6785URL: http://www.edi.gatech.edu/nasa/ Mid-West: Great Lakes Industrial Technology Center Battelle Memorial Institute 20445 Emerald Parkway Drive, SW, Suite 200 Cleveland, OH 44135 Phone: 216-898-6400 URL: http://www.battelle.org/glitec਀䴀椀搀ⴀ䌀漀渀琀椀渀攀渀琀㨀    䴀椀搀ⴀ䌀漀渀琀椀渀攀渀琀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 吀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀    吀攀砀愀猀 䔀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 䔀砀琀攀渀猀椀漀渀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀    ㌀　㄀ 吀愀爀爀漀眀 匀琀爀攀攀琀䌀漀氀氀攀最攀 匀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 吀堀  㜀㜀㠀㐀　ⴀ㜀㠀㤀㘀倀栀漀渀攀㨀 㠀　　ⴀ㐀㜀㈀ⴀ㘀㜀㠀㔀    唀刀䰀㨀   栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀洀挀琀琀挀⸀挀漀洀⼀ऀ䘀愀爀ⴀ圀攀猀琀㨀    䘀愀爀ⴀ圀攀猀琀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 吀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀    唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 匀漀甀琀栀攀爀渀 䌀愀氀椀昀漀爀渀椀愀    ㌀㜀㄀㘀 匀漀甀琀栀 䠀漀瀀攀 匀琀爀攀攀琀Ⰰ 匀甀椀琀攀 ㈀　　    䰀漀猀 䄀渀最攀氀攀猀Ⰰ 䌀䄀  㤀　　　㜀ⴀ㐀㌀㐀㐀    倀栀漀渀攀㨀 㠀　　ⴀ㘀㐀㈀ⴀ㈀㠀㜀㈀    唀刀䰀㨀   栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀甀猀挀⸀攀搀甀⼀搀攀瀀琀⼀攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最⼀吀吀䌀⼀一䄀匀䄀 ਀  7.4 United States Small Business Administration਀ The Policy Directives for the SBIR/STTR Programs, which also state the SBA policy for this Solicitation, may be obtained from the following source. SBA information can also be obtained at: http://www.sba.gov/.਀ Office of Innovation, Research and Technology਀唀⸀匀⸀ 匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䄀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 409 Third Street, S.W.਀圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀Ⰰ 䐀䌀  ㈀　㐀㄀㘀 Phone: 202-205-7701਀  ਀㜀⸀㔀 一愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 ਀吀栀攀 一愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀 愀最攀渀挀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䐀攀瀀愀爀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀攀Ⰰ 椀猀 琀栀攀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀✀猀 挀攀渀琀爀愀氀 挀氀攀愀爀椀渀最栀漀甀猀攀 昀漀爀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀氀礀 昀甀渀搀攀搀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  䘀漀爀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀攀攀猀Ⰰ 挀愀氀氀 漀爀 眀爀椀琀攀㨀 ਀一愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 5285 Port Royal Road਀匀瀀爀椀渀最昀椀攀氀搀Ⰰ 嘀䄀 ㈀㈀㄀㘀㄀ Phone: 703-605-6040਀唀刀䰀㨀  栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀渀琀椀猀⸀最漀瘀    ਀  ਀  8. Submission Forms and Certifications ਀ FORM A – SBIR Proposal Cover 31਀䘀伀刀䴀 䈀 ጀ†匀䈀䤀刀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀洀洀愀爀礀ऀ㌀㌀ FORM C – SBIR Summary Budget 35਀匀䈀䤀刀 䌀栀攀挀欀 䰀椀猀琀ऀ㌀㠀 FORM A – STTR Proposal Cover 39਀䘀伀刀䴀 䈀 ጀ†匀吀吀刀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀洀洀愀爀礀ऀ㐀㈀ FORM C – STTR Summary Budget 44਀䴀漀搀攀氀 䌀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 刀⼀刀☀䐀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀ऀ㐀㜀 Model Allocation of Rights Agreement 48਀匀吀吀刀 䌀栀攀挀欀 䰀椀猀琀ऀ㔀㈀ ਀ ਀ ਀䘀伀刀䴀 䄀 ጀ†匀䈀䤀刀 倀刀伀倀伀匀䄀䰀 䌀伀嘀䔀刀 ਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀ     ऀ        匀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 一甀洀戀攀爀ऀऀऀ 1. PROPOSAL NUMBER: 03- . ਀ 2. SUBTOPIC TITLE:਀ 3. PROPOSAL TITLE:਀ 4. SMALL BUSINESS CONCERN (SBC):਀ऀ一䄀䴀䔀㨀 MAILING ADDRESS:਀ऀ䌀䤀吀夀⼀匀吀䄀吀䔀⼀娀䤀倀㨀 PHONE:਀ऀ䘀䄀堀㨀 EIN/TAX ID: DUNS + 4: CAGE CODE:਀ऀ一唀䴀䈀䔀刀 伀䘀 䔀䴀倀䰀伀夀䔀䔀匀㨀 ਀㔀⸀ऀ䄀䴀伀唀一吀 刀䔀儀唀䔀匀吀䔀䐀 ␀  ऀऀऀ             ऀ䐀唀刀䄀吀䤀伀一㨀  ऀऀ 䴀伀一吀䠀匀            ਀㘀⸀ऀ䌀䔀刀吀䤀䘀䤀䌀䄀吀䤀伀一匀㨀  伀䘀䘀䔀刀伀刀 䌀䔀刀吀䤀䘀䤀䔀匀 吀䠀䄀吀㨀 ਀ As defined in Section 1 of the Solicitation, the offeror certifies:਀愀⸀  吀栀攀 倀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 䤀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀 椀猀 ᰀ瀠爀椀洀愀爀椀氀礀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀搀ᴀ†戀礀 琀栀攀ऀ夀攀猀ऀ一漀 organization as defined in the SBIR Solicitation਀䄀猀 搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㈀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 焀甀愀氀椀昀椀攀猀 愀猀 愀㨀 b. SBC Yes No਀ऀ 一甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀攀猀㨀 开开开开开 c. Socially and economically disadvantaged SBC Yes No਀ऀ搀⸀  圀漀洀愀渀ⴀ漀眀渀攀搀 匀䈀䌀ऀ夀攀猀ऀ一漀 e. HUBZone-owned SBC Yes No਀䄀猀 搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㐀 倀愀爀琀 ㄀㄀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀㨀 f. Work under this project has been submitted for Federal funding only to the NASA Yes No਀ऀऀ匀䈀䤀刀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 g. No funding has been received for work under this project by any other Federal Yes No grant, contract, or subcontract ਀䄀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀ 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 洀攀攀琀猀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀氀礀㨀 h. All 11 parts of the technical proposal are included in part order Yes No਀ऀ椀⸀  匀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀⼀挀漀渀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀㼀ऀ夀攀猀ऀ一漀 i) If yes, limits on subcontracts/consultants met Yes No ਀ऀऀ椀椀⤀ 䤀昀 礀攀猀Ⰰ 挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 攀渀挀氀漀猀攀搀ऀ夀攀猀ऀ一漀 j. Government equipment or facilities required (cannot use SBIR funds)? Yes No਀ऀऀ椀⤀ 䤀昀 礀攀猀Ⰰ 猀椀最渀攀搀 猀琀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀 攀渀挀氀漀猀攀搀 椀渀 倀愀爀琀 㠀ऀ夀攀猀ऀ一漀 ii) If yes, non-SBIR funding source identified in Part 8? Yes No਀ 7. ACN NAME: E-MAIL:਀ 8. ENDORSEMENT BY SBC OFFICIAL:਀ऀ NAME: ਀ऀ吀䤀吀䰀䔀㨀ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ倀䠀伀一䔀㨀 E-MAIL: ਀ऀ匀䤀䜀一䄀吀唀刀䔀㨀ऀऀऀऀऀ DATE: ਀ NOTICE: For any purpose other than to evaluate the proposal, this data shall not be disclosed outside the Government and shall not be duplicated, used, or disclosed in whole or in part, provided that if a funding agreement is awarded to this proposer as a result of or in connection with the submission of these data, the Government shall have the right to duplicate, use, or disclose the data to the extent provided in the funding agreement. This restriction does not limit the Government's right to use information contained in the data if it is obtained from another source without restriction. The data subject to this restriction are contained in pages __________ of this proposal਀  Guidelines for Completing SBIR Proposal Cover਀ 1. Proposal Number: This number does not change even if the firm gets a new phone number. Complete the proposal number as follows:਀ 1. Enter the four-digit subtopic number. ਀   ऀ㈀⸀  䔀渀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 昀漀甀爀ⴀ搀椀最椀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀ⴀ最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀 ਀㈀⸀ऀ匀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 吀椀琀氀攀㨀  䔀渀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 琀椀琀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀椀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 眀椀氀氀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀⸀  唀猀攀 愀戀戀爀攀瘀椀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀⸀   ਀㌀⸀ऀ倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 吀椀琀氀攀㨀  䔀渀琀攀爀 愀 戀爀椀攀昀Ⰰ 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀瘀攀 琀椀琀氀攀 甀猀椀渀最 渀漀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 㠀　 欀攀礀猀琀爀漀欀攀猀 ⠀挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀猀⤀⸀  䐀漀 渀漀琀 甀猀攀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 琀椀琀氀攀⸀  䄀瘀漀椀搀 眀漀爀搀猀 氀椀欀攀 ∀搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀∀ 愀渀搀 ∀猀琀甀搀礀⸀∀ ਀㐀⸀ऀ匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䌀漀渀挀攀爀渀㨀  䔀渀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 昀甀氀氀 渀愀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀  䤀昀 愀 樀漀椀渀琀 瘀攀渀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 氀椀猀琀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 挀栀漀猀攀渀 琀漀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀⸀  䤀昀 琀栀攀 渀愀洀攀 攀砀挀攀攀搀猀 㐀　 欀攀礀猀琀爀漀欀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 愀戀戀爀攀瘀椀愀琀攀⸀ ਀ऀ䄀搀搀爀攀猀猀㨀ऀऀऀ䄀搀搀爀攀猀猀 眀栀攀爀攀 洀愀椀氀 椀猀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 City: City name ਀ऀ匀琀愀琀攀㨀ऀऀऀऀ㈀ⴀ氀攀琀琀攀爀 匀琀愀琀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 嘀䄀 昀漀爀 嘀椀爀最椀渀椀愀⤀ Zip: 9-digit Zip code (example 20705-3106)਀       ऀ倀栀漀渀攀㨀ऀऀऀऀ一甀洀戀攀爀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀 挀漀搀攀 Fax: Number including area code਀ऀ䔀䤀一⼀吀愀砀 䤀䐀㨀ऀऀऀ䔀洀瀀氀漀礀攀爀 䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 一甀洀戀攀爀⼀吀愀砀瀀愀礀攀爀 䤀䐀 DUNS + 4: 9-digit Data Universal Number System plus a 4-digit suffix given by parent ਀挀漀渀挀攀爀渀 CAGE Code: Commercial Government and Entity Code (Issued by Central Contractor Registration (CCR))਀ऀ 5. Amount Requested: Proposal amount from Budget Summary. The amount requested should not exceed $70,000 (see Sections 1.4.1, 5.1.1).਀ Duration: Proposed duration in months. The requested duration should not exceed 6 months (see Sections 1.4.1, 5.1.1).਀ 6. Certifications: Answer Yes or No as applicable for 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g and 6h (see the referenced sections for definitions).਀ 6f. SBCs should choose “Yes” to affirm that work under this project has not been funded under any other Federal grant, ਀               挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 漀爀 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀⸀ ਀㘀椀⸀   匀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀⼀挀漀渀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀㼀  䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 礀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀⼀挀漀渀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 愀渀搀 愀爀爀愀渀最攀洀攀渀琀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 洀愀搀攀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 漀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀眀愀爀搀攀搀⸀  ਀椀⤀ऀ䤀昀 礀攀猀Ⰰ 氀椀洀椀琀猀 漀渀 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀漀渀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀猀 洀攀琀㨀  䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 礀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 愀爀爀愀渀最攀洀攀渀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 攀渀琀椀琀椀攀猀 漀爀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀猀 搀漀 渀漀琀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 漀渀攀ⴀ琀栀椀爀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀欀 ⠀愀洀漀甀渀琀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 挀漀猀琀 猀栀愀爀椀渀最 椀昀 愀渀礀Ⰰ 氀攀猀猀 昀攀攀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀渀礀⤀ 愀渀搀 椀猀 椀渀 挀漀洀瀀氀椀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㐀Ⰰ 倀愀爀琀 㤀⸀ ਀椀椀⤀ऀ䤀昀 礀攀猀Ⰰ 挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 攀渀挀氀漀猀攀搀㨀  䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 礀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀 挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 愀渀礀 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀椀渀最 漀爀 挀漀渀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㐀 倀愀爀琀 㤀 椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 愀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀⸀ 䌀漀瀀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀ⴀ猀椀稀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀⸀ ਀㘀樀⸀  䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 昀甀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀㼀  䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 礀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 甀渀椀焀甀攀Ⰰ 漀渀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ愀ⴀ欀椀渀搀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 䘀甀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 䘀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 漀爀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 䘀甀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 䔀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 ⠀猀攀攀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㐀 倀愀爀琀 㠀Ⰰ ㌀⸀㌀⸀㐀 倀愀爀琀 㔀Ⰰ 㔀⸀㄀㜀⤀⸀  䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 渀漀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 渀漀 猀甀挀栀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 䘀甀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 䘀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 漀爀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 䘀甀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 䔀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀⸀   ਀椀⤀ऀ䤀昀 礀攀猀Ⰰ 猀椀最渀攀搀 猀琀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀 攀渀挀氀漀猀攀搀 椀渀 倀愀爀琀 㠀㨀 䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 礀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀 猀琀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀椀渀最 琀栀攀 甀渀椀焀甀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 椀琀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 愀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀攀搀 琀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 猀椀最渀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀Ⰰ 椀猀 攀渀挀氀漀猀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀ ii) If yes, non-SBIR funding source identified in Part 8: By answering yes, the SBC certifies that it has a confirmed, non-SBIR funding source for whatever charges may be incurred when utilizing the required Government facility.਀ 7. ACN Name and E-mail: Name and e-mail address of Authorized Contract Negotiator.਀ 8. Endorsement: An official of the firm must electronically endorse the proposal cover. ਀ ਀ FORM B – SBIR PROPOSAL SUMMARY਀   ਀ Subtopic Number ਀ 1. Proposal Number 03- . ਀ 2. Subtopic Title ਀ 3. Proposal Title਀ 4. Small Business Concern਀ऀ一愀洀攀㨀 Address:਀ऀ䌀椀琀礀⼀匀琀愀琀攀㨀 Zip:਀ऀ倀栀漀渀攀㨀 ਀㔀⸀ऀ倀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 䤀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀⼀倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䴀愀渀愀最攀爀 Name: ਀ऀ䄀搀搀爀攀猀猀㨀 City/State:਀ऀ娀椀瀀㨀 Phone:਀ऀ䔀ⴀ洀愀椀氀㨀   U.S. Citizen or Legal Resident Yes No਀   6. Technical Abstract (Limit 200 words or 2,000 characters, whichever is less):਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ 7. Potential NASA Application(s): (Limit 100 words or 1,500 characters, whichever is less)਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ 8. Potential Non-NASA Commercial Application(s): (Limit 100 words or 1,500 characters, whichever is less)਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ ਀䜀甀椀搀攀氀椀渀攀猀 昀漀爀 䌀漀洀瀀氀攀琀椀渀最 匀䈀䤀刀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀洀洀愀爀礀 ਀ Complete Form B electronically. ਀ 1. Proposal Number: Same as Proposal Cover.਀ 2. Subtopic Title: Same as Proposal Cover.਀   3. Proposal Title: Same as Proposal Cover. ਀         4. Small Business Concern: Same as Proposal Cover.਀ 5. Principal Investigator/Project Manager: Enter the full name of the PI/MS and include all required contact information.਀ Note: Offerors are responsible for ensuring that all employees who will work on this contract are eligible under export control and International Traffic in Arms (ITAR) regulations. Any employee who is not a U.S. citizen or a legal resident may be restricted from working on this contract if the technology is restricted under export control and ITAR regulations. Violations of these regulations can result in criminal or civil penalties.਀ 6. Technical Abstract: Summary of the offeror’s proposed project in 200 words or less. The abstract must not contain proprietary information and must describe the NASA need addressed by the proposed R/R&D effort.਀   7. Potential NASA Application(s): Summary of the direct or indirect NASA applications of the project, assuming the goals of the proposed R/R&D are achieved. Limit your response to 100 words or 1,500 characters, whichever is less. ਀ 8. Potential Non-NASA Commercial Application(s): Summary of the direct or indirect NASA applications of the project, assuming the goals of the proposed R/R&D are achieved. Limit your response to 100 words or 1,500 characters, whichever is less.਀ ਀ ਀䘀伀刀䴀 䌀 ጀ†匀䈀䤀刀 匀唀䴀䴀䄀刀夀 䈀唀䐀䜀䔀吀 ਀ PROPOSAL NUMBER:਀匀䴀䄀䰀䰀 䈀唀匀䤀一䔀匀匀 䌀伀一䌀䔀刀一㨀ऀऀऀ ਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ DIRECT LABOR:਀䌀愀琀攀最漀爀礀ऀऀऀ䠀漀甀爀猀ऀऀ刀愀琀攀ऀ䌀漀猀琀 $਀ TOTAL DIRECT LABOR: ਀⠀㄀⤀ऀ␀   ऀऀ               OVERHEAD COST਀开开开开开开─ 漀昀 吀漀琀愀氀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀 䰀愀戀漀爀 漀爀 ␀ 开开开开开开 OVERHEAD COST: ਀⠀㈀⤀ऀ␀   ऀऀ OTHER DIRECT COSTS (ODCs):਀䌀愀琀攀最漀爀礀ऀऀऀऀऀऀ䌀漀猀琀 $਀ TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS:਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀ⠀㌀⤀ऀ␀  ऀऀ Explanation of ODCs਀开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开 ______________________________________਀开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开 ਀⠀㄀⤀⬀⠀㈀⤀⬀⠀㌀⤀㴀⠀㐀⤀ऀऀऀऀऀ匀唀䈀吀伀吀䄀䰀㨀ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ⠀㐀⤀ऀ␀   ऀऀ   ਀䜀䔀一䔀刀䄀䰀 ☀ 䄀䐀䴀䤀一䤀匀吀刀䄀吀䤀嘀䔀 ⠀䜀☀䄀⤀ 䌀伀匀吀匀 ______% of Subtotal or $ ______ G&A COSTS:਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀ⠀㔀⤀ऀ␀   ऀऀ ਀⠀㐀⤀⬀⠀㔀⤀㴀⠀㘀⤀ऀऀऀऀऀ吀伀吀䄀䰀 䌀伀匀吀匀ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ⠀㘀⤀ऀ␀   ऀऀ ਀䄀䐀䐀 倀刀伀䘀䤀吀 漀爀 匀唀䈀吀刀䄀䌀吀 䌀伀匀吀 匀䠀䄀刀䤀一䜀ऀ倀刀伀䘀䤀吀⼀䌀伀匀吀 匀䠀䄀刀䤀一䜀㨀 (As applicable) (7) $ ਀ (6)+(7)=(8) AMOUNT REQUESTED:਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀ⠀㠀⤀ऀ␀   ऀऀ ਀倀䠀䄀匀䔀 䤀 䐀䔀䰀䤀嘀䔀刀䄀䈀䰀䔀匀㨀  唀瀀漀渀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 匀䈀䌀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 猀甀戀洀椀琀 洀愀渀搀愀琀漀爀礀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 瀀爀漀最爀攀猀猀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀猀Ⰰ 昀椀渀愀氀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀 愀渀搀 一攀眀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀 愀猀 瀀攀爀 琀栀攀椀爀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀⸀ 匀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 愀氀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 匀䈀䤀刀⼀匀吀吀刀 䘀椀爀洀猀 䰀椀戀爀愀爀礀 瘀椀愀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 匀䈀䤀刀 栀漀洀攀瀀愀最攀 ⠀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀戀椀爀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⤀⸀ 䤀昀 礀漀甀爀 昀椀爀洀 椀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀椀渀最 愀渀礀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 氀椀猀琀 琀栀攀洀 戀攀氀漀眀㨀 ਀䐀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀ऀऀऀ儀甀愀渀琀椀琀礀ऀऀ倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䐀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 䴀椀氀攀猀琀漀渀攀 ਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ ਀ AUDIT AGENCY: If a Federal agency has ever audited your accounting system, please identify the agency, office ਀氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 戀攀氀漀眀㨀 ਀䄀最攀渀挀礀㨀 开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开ऀ伀昀昀椀挀攀⼀䰀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开ऀ Phone: _________________________ Email: ________________________________਀  Guidelines for Preparing SBIR Summary Budget਀ The offeror electronically submits to the Government a pricing proposal of estimated costs with detailed information for each cost element, consistent with the offeror's cost accounting system. ਀ This summary does not eliminate the need to fully document and justify the amounts requested in each category. Such documentation should be contained, as appropriate, on a budget explanation page immediately following the summary budget in the proposal. ਀ Firm: Same as Proposal Cover.਀ Proposal Number: Same as Proposal Cover.਀ Direct Labor: Enter labor categories proposed (e.g., Principal Investigator/Project Manager, Research Assistant/Laboratory Assistant, Analyst, Administrative Staff), labor rates and the hours for each labor category.਀ Overhead Cost: Specify current rate and base. Use current rate(s) negotiated with the cognizant Federal auditing agency, if available. If no rate(s) has (have) been negotiated, a reasonable indirect cost (overhead) rate(s) may be requested for Phase I for acceptance by NASA. Show how this rate is determined. The offeror may use whatever number and types of overhead rates are in accordance with the firm's accounting system and approved by the cognizant Federal negotiating agency, if available. Multiply Direct Labor Cost by the Overhead Rate to determine the Overhead Cost.਀ Example: A typical SBC might have an overhead rate of 30 percent. If the total direct labor costs proposed are $50,000, the computed overhead costs for this case would be .3x50,000=$15,000, if the base used is the total direct labor costs. ਀ or provide a number for total estimated overhead costs to execute the project.਀ Other Direct Costs (ODCs): ਀ⴀऀ䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 匀甀瀀瀀氀椀攀猀㨀 䤀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀 琀礀瀀攀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 愀渀搀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀 挀漀猀琀猀⸀ - Documentation Costs or Page Charges: Estimate cost of preparing and publishing project results.਀ⴀऀ匀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀㨀 䤀渀挀氀甀搀攀 愀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀 戀甀搀最攀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 栀漀甀爀猀 愀渀搀 爀愀琀攀猀 愀渀搀 樀甀猀琀椀昀礀 搀攀琀愀椀氀猀⸀ ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㐀Ⰰ 倀愀爀琀 㤀⸀⤀ - Consultant Services: Indicate name, daily compensation, and estimated days of service. ਀ⴀऀ䌀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀㨀 䌀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 氀攀愀猀椀渀最 椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 栀攀爀攀⸀   ਀䰀椀猀琀 愀氀氀 漀琀栀攀爀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 挀漀猀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀愀琀攀最漀爀椀攀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 愀戀漀瘀攀⸀   ਀䔀砀瀀氀愀渀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 愀氀氀 椀琀攀洀猀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀 愀猀 伀䐀䌀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 ᰀ䔠砀瀀氀愀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 伀䐀䌀猀⸀ᴀ† 伀昀昀攀爀漀爀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀栀攀 戀愀猀椀猀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀椀渀最 挀漀猀琀猀 ⠀瘀攀渀搀漀爀 焀甀漀琀攀Ⰰ 挀愀琀愀氀漀最 瀀爀椀挀攀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀ 䘀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 椀昀  ᰀ䴠愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀ᴀ†椀猀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 愀猀 愀渀 伀䐀䌀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 愀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 愀渀搀 戀愀猀椀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 挀漀猀琀⸀ ਀匀甀戀琀漀琀愀氀 ⠀㐀⤀㨀  匀甀洀 漀昀 ⠀㄀⤀ 吀漀琀愀氀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀 䰀愀戀漀爀Ⰰ ⠀㈀⤀ 伀瘀攀爀栀攀愀搀 愀渀搀 ⠀㌀⤀ 伀䐀䌀猀 ਀䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀 愀渀搀 䄀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 ⠀䜀☀䄀⤀ 䌀漀猀琀猀 ⠀㔀⤀㨀  匀瀀攀挀椀昀礀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 爀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 戀愀猀攀⸀  唀猀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 爀愀琀攀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀漀最渀椀稀愀渀琀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀椀渀最 愀最攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀⸀  䤀昀 渀漀 爀愀琀攀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 椀渀搀椀爀攀挀琀 挀漀猀琀 ⠀䜀☀䄀⤀ 爀愀琀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀渀挀攀 戀礀 一䄀匀䄀⸀  匀栀漀眀 栀漀眀 琀栀椀猀 爀愀琀攀 椀猀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀搀⸀  䤀昀 愀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀攀搀 爀愀琀攀 椀猀 渀漀琀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 一䄀匀䄀 眀椀氀氀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀攀 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 爀愀琀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀⸀  䴀甀氀琀椀瀀氀礀 ⠀㐀⤀ 猀甀戀琀漀琀愀氀 ⠀吀漀琀愀氀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀 䌀漀猀琀⤀ 戀礀 琀栀攀 䜀☀䄀 爀愀琀攀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 䜀☀䄀 䌀漀猀琀⸀  ਀漀爀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀渀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀搀 䜀☀䄀 挀漀猀琀猀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀ ਀吀漀琀愀氀 䌀漀猀琀猀 ⠀㘀⤀㨀  匀甀洀 漀昀 䤀琀攀洀猀 ⠀㐀⤀ 愀渀搀 ⠀㔀⤀⸀ 一漀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀椀猀 瘀愀氀甀攀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 瘀攀爀椀昀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 眀漀爀欀 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀愀最攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀⸀ ਀倀爀漀昀椀琀⼀䌀漀猀琀 匀栀愀爀椀渀最 ⠀㜀⤀㨀  匀攀攀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 㔀⸀㄀㄀ 愀渀搀 㔀⸀㄀㈀⸀  倀爀漀昀椀琀 琀漀 戀攀 愀搀搀攀搀 琀漀 琀漀琀愀氀 戀甀搀最攀琀Ⰰ 猀栀愀爀攀搀 挀漀猀琀猀 琀漀 戀攀 猀甀戀琀爀愀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀漀琀愀氀 戀甀搀最攀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀⸀ ਀䄀洀漀甀渀琀 刀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 ⠀㠀⤀㨀  匀甀洀 漀昀 䤀琀攀洀猀 ⠀㘀⤀ 愀渀搀 ⠀㜀⤀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 琀漀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 ␀㜀　Ⰰ　　　⸀ ਀䐀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 䄀甀搀椀琀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀㤀⤀㨀  ਀䐀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀猀㨀 䰀椀猀琀 愀渀礀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀⸀ 䤀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀 渀愀洀攀Ⰰ 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀礀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 甀渀椀琀 漀昀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 椀⸀攀⸀Ⰰ ㈀ 洀漀搀攀氀猀 漀爀 ㄀⸀㔀 氀戀猀⸀ 漀昀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 洀椀氀攀猀琀漀渀攀 ⠀椀⸀攀⸀Ⰰ 攀渀搀 漀昀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀⤀⸀  吀栀椀猀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 漀渀氀礀 戀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀 椀昀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 椀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀椀渀最 愀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀 椀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀搀愀琀漀爀礀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀猀 ⠀瀀爀漀最爀攀猀猀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀Ⰰ 昀椀渀愀氀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀 愀渀搀 一攀眀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 刀攀瀀漀爀琀⤀⸀ ਀䄀甀搀椀琀 䄀最攀渀挀礀㨀  䌀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 琀栀攀 ᰀ䌠漀渀琀愀挀琀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀ᴀ†猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 椀昀 礀漀甀爀 昀椀爀洀ᤀ猠 愀挀挀漀甀渀琀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 愀甀搀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 愀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 愀最攀渀挀礀⸀ 倀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 愀最攀渀挀礀 渀愀洀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀椀挀攀 戀爀愀渀挀栀 漀爀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 瀀栀漀渀攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 攀洀愀椀氀⸀ ਀ SBIR CHECK LIST਀ ਀䘀漀爀 愀猀猀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀 椀渀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀椀渀最 礀漀甀爀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀Ⰰ 甀猀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 挀栀攀挀欀氀椀猀琀 琀漀 攀渀猀甀爀攀 礀漀甀爀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 椀猀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀⸀ ਀㄀⸀ऀ吀栀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀渀礀 猀甀瀀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 猀栀愀氀氀 渀漀琀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 愀 琀漀琀愀氀 漀昀 ㈀㔀 㠀⸀㔀 砀 ㄀㄀ 椀渀挀栀 瀀愀最攀猀 ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㄀⤀⸀ ਀ऀ㈀⸀ऀ吀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 愀渀搀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 漀渀攀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 漀渀氀礀⸀  ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㄀⤀⸀ ਀ऀ㌀⸀ऀ吀栀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 椀猀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 漀爀搀攀爀 漀甀琀氀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀ ਀㐀⸀ऀ吀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀猀 愀氀氀 攀氀攀瘀攀渀 瀀愀爀琀猀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀⸀  ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㐀⤀⸀   ਀㔀⸀ऀ䌀攀爀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 䘀漀爀洀 䄀 愀爀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀⸀ ਀㘀⸀ऀ倀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 ␀㜀　Ⰰ　　　⸀  ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 ㄀⸀㐀⸀㄀Ⰰ 㔀⸀㄀⸀㄀⤀⸀ ਀㜀⸀ऀ倀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 㘀 洀漀渀琀栀猀⸀  ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 ㄀⸀㐀⸀㄀Ⰰ 㔀⸀㄀⸀㄀⤀⸀ ਀㠀⸀ऀ䔀渀琀椀爀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 䘀漀爀洀猀 䄀Ⰰ 䈀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䌀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 瘀椀愀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀⸀ ਀㤀⸀ऀ䘀漀爀洀 䄀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 攀渀搀漀爀猀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀⸀ ਀㄀　⸀ऀ倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 渀漀 氀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 㔀㨀　　 瀀⸀洀⸀ 䔀䐀吀 漀渀 吀甀攀猀搀愀礀Ⰰ 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀 㤀Ⰰ ㈀　　㌀ ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㘀⸀㐀⤀⸀   ਀  ਀䘀伀刀䴀 䄀 ጀ†匀吀吀刀 倀刀伀倀伀匀䄀䰀 䌀伀嘀䔀刀 ਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ吀漀瀀椀挀 一甀洀戀攀爀ऀऀ 1. PROPOSAL NUMBER: 03- ਀㈀⸀ऀ刀䔀匀䔀䄀刀䌀䠀 吀伀倀䤀䌀㨀  3. PROPOSAL TITLE: ਀ 4. SMALL BUSINESS CONCERN (SBC) RESEARCH INSTITUTION (RI)਀ऀ一䄀䴀䔀㨀ऀऀऀऀऀऀ一䄀䴀䔀㨀 ADDRESS: ADDRESS:਀ऀ䌀䤀吀夀⼀匀吀䄀吀䔀⼀娀䤀倀㨀ऀऀऀऀऀ䌀䤀吀夀⼀匀吀䄀吀䔀⼀娀䤀倀ऀ㨀  PHONE: PHONE:਀ऀ䘀䄀堀㨀ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ䘀䄀堀㨀 EIN/TAX ID: EIN/TAX ID:਀ऀ䐀唀一匀 ⬀ 㐀㨀ऀऀ䌀䄀䜀䔀 䌀伀䐀䔀㨀 ਀㔀⸀ऀ䄀䴀伀唀一吀 刀䔀儀唀䔀匀吀䔀䐀㨀  ␀开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开    ऀ䐀唀刀䄀吀䤀伀一㨀  开开开开开开开开开 䴀伀一吀䠀匀 ਀㘀⸀ऀ䌀䔀刀吀䤀䘀䤀䌀䄀吀䤀伀一匀㨀 吀䠀䔀 䄀䈀伀嘀䔀 匀䈀䌀 䌀䔀刀吀䤀䘀䤀䔀匀 吀䠀䄀吀㨀 ਀䄀猀 搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㈀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 焀甀愀氀椀昀椀攀猀 愀猀 愀㨀 a. SBC Yes No਀ऀऀ一甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀攀猀㨀  开开开开 b. Socially and economically disadvantaged SBC Yes No਀ऀ挀⸀ऀ圀漀洀愀渀ⴀ漀眀渀攀搀 匀䈀䌀ऀ夀攀猀ऀ一漀 d. HUBZone-owned SBC Yes No਀䄀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㈀⸀㠀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀渀攀爀椀渀最 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀 焀甀愀氀椀昀椀攀猀 愀猀 愀㨀 e. FFRDC Yes No਀ऀ昀⸀ऀ一漀渀瀀爀漀昀椀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀ऀ夀攀猀ऀ一漀 g. Nonprofit college or university Yes No਀䄀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 洀攀攀琀猀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀氀礀㨀 h. Cooperative Agreement signed by the SBC and RI enclosed Yes No਀ऀ椀⸀ऀ䄀氀氀 攀氀攀瘀攀渀 瀀愀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 椀渀 瀀愀爀琀 漀爀搀攀爀ऀ夀攀猀ऀ一漀 j. Subcontracts/consultants proposed? Yes No਀ऀऀ椀⤀ 䤀昀 礀攀猀Ⰰ 氀椀洀椀琀猀 漀渀 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀⼀挀漀渀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀猀 洀攀琀ऀ夀攀猀ऀ一漀  ii) If yes, copy of agreement enclosed Yes No਀ऀ欀⸀ऀ䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀爀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 ⠀挀愀渀渀漀琀 甀猀攀 匀吀吀刀 昀甀渀搀猀⤀㼀ऀ夀攀猀ऀ一漀 i) If yes, signed statement enclosed in Part 8 Yes No਀ऀऀ椀椀⤀ 䤀昀 礀攀猀Ⰰ 渀漀渀ⴀ匀䈀䤀刀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 猀漀甀爀挀攀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀 椀渀 倀愀爀琀 㠀㼀ऀ夀攀猀ऀ一漀 As described in Section 3.2.4 of the Solicitation, the offeror certifies:਀ऀ氀⸀  圀漀爀欀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀椀猀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 漀渀氀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 匀吀吀刀ऀ夀攀猀ऀ一漀 Program਀ऀ洀⸀  一漀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 昀漀爀 眀漀爀欀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀椀猀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 戀礀 愀渀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 ऀ夀攀猀        一漀ऀ     最爀愀渀琀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀Ⰰ 漀爀 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 ਀㜀⸀ऀ䄀䌀一 一䄀䴀䔀㨀ऀऀऀ䔀ⴀ䴀䄀䤀䰀㨀  ਀㠀⸀ऀ吀䠀䔀 匀䈀䌀 圀䤀䰀䰀 倀䔀刀䘀伀刀䴀 开开开─ 伀䘀 吀䠀䔀 圀伀刀䬀 䄀一䐀 吀䠀䔀 刀䤀 圀䤀䰀䰀 倀䔀刀䘀伀刀䴀 开开开─ 伀䘀 吀䠀䔀 圀伀刀䬀 伀䘀 吀䠀䤀匀 倀刀伀䨀䔀䌀吀⸀ ਀㤀⸀   䔀一䐀伀刀匀䔀䴀䔀一吀 䈀夀 匀䈀䌀 伀䘀䘀䤀䌀䤀䄀䰀㨀 NAME: TITLE: ਀ऀ倀䠀伀一䔀㨀ऀ ऀऀ䔀开䴀䄀䤀䰀㨀ऀ  SIGNATURE: DATE: ਀ऀऀऀऀ ਀一伀吀䤀䌀䔀㨀  䘀漀爀 愀渀礀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀漀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 搀愀琀愀 猀栀愀氀氀 渀漀琀 戀攀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀攀搀 漀甀琀猀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 猀栀愀氀氀 渀漀琀 戀攀 搀甀瀀氀椀挀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 甀猀攀搀Ⰰ 漀爀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀攀搀 椀渀 眀栀漀氀攀 漀爀 椀渀 瀀愀爀琀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 愀眀愀爀搀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀椀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀爀 愀猀 愀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 漀昀 漀爀 椀渀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 搀愀琀愀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 猀栀愀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀 琀漀 搀甀瀀氀椀挀愀琀攀Ⰰ 甀猀攀Ⰰ 漀爀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀攀 琀栀攀 搀愀琀愀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀砀琀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 爀攀猀琀爀椀挀琀椀漀渀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀 琀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀✀猀 爀椀最栀琀 琀漀 甀猀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 搀愀琀愀 椀昀 椀琀 椀猀 漀戀琀愀椀渀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 爀攀猀琀爀椀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 搀愀琀愀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 琀漀 琀栀椀猀 爀攀猀琀爀椀挀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 瀀愀最攀猀 开开开开开 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀  ਀䜀甀椀搀攀氀椀渀攀猀 昀漀爀 䌀漀洀瀀氀攀琀椀渀最 匀吀吀刀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀 ਀ 1. Proposal Number: This number does not change even if the firm gets a new phone number. Complete the proposal number as follows:਀ऀ 1. Enter the two-digit Topic number.਀㈀⸀ऀ吀栀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 眀椀氀氀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀 愀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 昀漀甀爀ⴀ搀椀最椀琀 渀甀洀戀攀爀ऀ ਀㈀⸀ऀ刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 吀漀瀀椀挀㨀 一䄀匀䄀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀漀瀀椀挀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 愀渀搀 琀椀琀氀攀 ⠀匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 㠀⤀⸀ ਀㌀⸀ऀ倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 吀椀琀氀攀㨀  䄀 戀爀椀攀昀Ⰰ 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀瘀攀 琀椀琀氀攀Ⰰ 愀瘀漀椀搀 眀漀爀搀猀 氀椀欀攀 ∀搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀∀ 愀渀搀 ∀猀琀甀搀礀 漀昀Ⰰ∀ 愀渀搀 搀漀 渀漀琀 甀猀攀 愀挀爀漀渀礀洀猀 漀爀 琀爀愀搀攀 渀愀洀攀猀⸀ ਀㐀⸀ऀ匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䌀漀渀挀攀爀渀㨀  䘀甀氀氀 渀愀洀攀 愀渀搀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀  䤀昀 愀 樀漀椀渀琀 瘀攀渀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 氀椀猀琀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 挀栀漀猀攀渀 琀漀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀⸀  䤀昀 琀栀攀 渀愀洀攀 攀砀挀攀攀搀猀 㐀　 欀攀礀猀琀爀漀欀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 愀戀戀爀攀瘀椀愀琀攀⸀ ਀ऀ刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀㨀  䘀甀氀氀 渀愀洀攀 愀渀搀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀⸀ ਀ऀऀ䴀愀椀氀椀渀最 䄀搀搀爀攀猀猀㨀ऀऀ䄀搀搀爀攀猀猀 眀栀攀爀攀 洀愀椀氀 椀猀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 City: City name ਀ऀऀ匀琀愀琀攀㨀ऀऀऀऀ㈀ⴀ氀攀琀琀攀爀 匀琀愀琀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 嘀䄀 昀漀爀 嘀椀爀最椀渀椀愀⤀ Zip: 9-digit Zip code (example 20705-3106)਀       ऀऀ倀栀漀渀攀㨀ऀऀऀऀ一甀洀戀攀爀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀 挀漀搀攀 Fax: Number including area code਀ऀऀ䔀䤀一⼀吀䄀堀 䤀䐀㨀ऀऀऀ䔀洀瀀氀漀礀攀爀 䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 一甀洀戀攀爀⼀吀愀砀瀀愀礀攀爀 䤀䐀 DUNS + 4: 9-digit Data Universal Number System plus a 4-digit suffix given by ਀瀀愀爀攀渀琀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀ऀऀ CAGE Code: Commercial Government and Entity Code (Issued by Central ਀䌀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀漀爀 刀攀最椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀䌀䌀刀⤀ ਀㔀⸀ऀ䄀洀漀甀渀琀 刀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀㨀  倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 昀爀漀洀 䈀甀搀最攀琀 匀甀洀洀愀爀礀⸀  吀栀攀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 ␀㄀　　Ⰰ　　　 ⠀猀攀攀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 ㄀⸀㐀⸀㄀Ⰰ 㔀⸀㄀⸀㄀⤀⸀ ਀䐀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀㨀  倀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 洀漀渀琀栀猀⸀  吀栀攀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 ㄀㈀ 洀漀渀琀栀猀 ⠀猀攀攀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 ㄀⸀㐀⸀㄀Ⰰ 㔀⸀㄀⸀㄀⤀⸀ ਀㘀⸀ऀ䌀攀爀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀㨀 䄀渀猀眀攀爀 夀攀猀 漀爀 一漀 愀猀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 㘀愀Ⰰ 㘀戀Ⰰ 㘀挀Ⰰ 㘀搀Ⰰ 㘀攀Ⰰ 㘀昀 愀渀搀 㘀最 ⠀猀攀攀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㈀ 昀漀爀 搀攀昀椀渀椀琀椀漀渀猀⤀⸀ ਀㘀栀⸀ऀ䌀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 猀椀最渀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 愀渀搀 刀䤀㨀 䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 礀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀⼀刀䤀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀 䌀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 猀椀最渀攀搀 戀礀 戀漀琀栀 匀䈀䌀 愀渀搀 刀䤀 椀猀 攀渀挀氀漀猀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 ⠀猀攀攀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㈀Ⰰ ㌀⸀㈀⸀㔀⤀⸀ ਀ऀ㘀椀⸀ऀ䄀氀氀 攀氀攀瘀攀渀 瀀愀爀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀㨀  䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 礀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀⼀刀䤀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀猀 漀昀 愀氀氀 攀氀攀瘀攀渀 瀀愀爀琀猀 渀甀洀戀攀爀攀搀 愀渀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 漀爀搀攀爀 ⠀猀攀攀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㐀⤀⸀ ਀ऀ㘀樀⸀ऀ匀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀⼀挀漀渀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀㼀  䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 礀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀⼀刀䤀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀⼀挀漀渀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 愀渀搀 愀爀爀愀渀最攀洀攀渀琀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 洀愀搀攀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 漀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀眀愀爀搀攀搀⸀  ਀椀⤀ऀ䤀昀 礀攀猀Ⰰ 氀椀洀椀琀猀 漀渀 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀漀渀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀猀 洀攀琀㨀  䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 礀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀⼀刀䤀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 愀爀爀愀渀最攀洀攀渀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 攀渀琀椀琀椀攀猀 漀爀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀猀 搀漀 渀漀琀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 ㌀　 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀欀 ⠀愀洀漀甀渀琀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 挀漀猀琀 猀栀愀爀椀渀最 椀昀 愀渀礀Ⰰ 氀攀猀猀 昀攀攀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀渀礀⤀ 愀渀搀 椀猀 椀渀 挀漀洀瀀氀椀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㐀Ⰰ 倀愀爀琀 㤀⸀ ਀椀椀⤀ऀ䤀昀 礀攀猀Ⰰ 挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 攀渀挀氀漀猀攀搀㨀  䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 礀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀⼀刀䤀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀 挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 愀渀礀 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀椀渀最 漀爀 挀漀渀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 椀渀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㐀 倀愀爀琀 㤀 椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 愀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀⸀ 䌀漀瀀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 猀椀稀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀⸀ ਀ऀ㘀欀⸀ऀ䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 昀甀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀㼀  䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 礀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀⼀刀䤀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 甀渀椀焀甀攀Ⰰ 漀渀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ愀ⴀ欀椀渀搀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 䘀甀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 䘀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 漀爀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 䘀甀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 䔀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 ⠀猀攀攀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 ㌀⸀㈀⸀㐀 倀愀爀琀 㠀Ⰰ ㌀⸀㌀⸀㐀 倀愀爀琀 㔀Ⰰ 㔀⸀㄀㜀⤀⸀  䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 渀漀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀⼀刀䤀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 渀漀 猀甀挀栀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 䘀甀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 䘀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 漀爀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 䘀甀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 䔀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀⸀   ਀椀⤀ऀ䤀昀 礀攀猀Ⰰ 猀椀最渀攀搀 猀琀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀 攀渀挀氀漀猀攀搀 椀渀 倀愀爀琀 㠀㨀 䈀礀 愀渀猀眀攀爀椀渀最 礀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀⼀刀䤀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀 猀琀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀椀渀最 琀栀攀 甀渀椀焀甀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 椀琀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 愀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀攀搀 琀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 猀椀最渀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀Ⰰ 椀猀 攀渀挀氀漀猀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀ ii) If yes, non-SBIR funding source identified in Part 8. By answering yes, the SBC certifies that it has confirmed, non-SBIR funding source for whatever charges may be incurred when utilizing the required Government facility.਀ 6m. SBCs should choose “Yes” to affirm that work under this project has not been funded under any other Federal grant, ਀                  挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 漀爀 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀⸀ ਀ऀ 7. ACN Name and E-mail: Name and e-mail address of Authorized Contract Negotiator.਀ 8. Proposals submitted in response to this Solicitation must be jointly developed by the SBC and the RI, and at least 40 percent of the work (amount requested including cost sharing, less fee, if any) is to be performed by the SBC as the prime contractor, and at least 30 percent of the work is to be performed by the RI (see Section 1.1).਀ 9. Endorsements: An official of the firm must electronically endorse the proposal cover. ਀ ਀ ਀  ਀䘀伀刀䴀 䈀 ጀ†匀吀吀刀 倀刀伀倀伀匀䄀䰀 匀唀䴀䴀䄀刀夀 ਀ Topic Number ਀ 1. Proposal Number 03 - __ __ ਀   2. Research Topic: ਀   3. Proposal Title: ਀   4. Small Business Concern 5. Research Institution ਀ऀ一愀洀攀㨀ऀ一愀洀攀㨀ऀऀऀऀऀ Address: Address:਀ऀ䌀椀琀礀⼀匀琀愀琀攀㨀ऀ䌀椀琀礀⼀匀琀愀琀攀㨀 Zip: Zip:਀ऀ倀栀漀渀攀㨀ऀ倀栀漀渀攀㨀 ਀㘀⸀ऀ倀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 䤀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀⼀倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䴀愀渀愀最攀爀㨀 U.S. Citizen or Legal Resident Yes No ਀ 7. Technical Abstract (Limit 200 words or 2,000 characters, whichever is less):਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ 8. Potential NASA Application(s): (Limit 100 words or 1,500 characters, whichever is less)਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ 9. Potential Non-NASA Commercial Application(s): (Limit 100 words or 1,500 characters, whichever is less)਀ ਀ ਀  ਀ ਀ ਀  ਀䜀甀椀搀攀氀椀渀攀猀 昀漀爀 䌀漀洀瀀氀攀琀椀渀最 匀吀吀刀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 匀甀洀洀愀爀礀 ਀ ਀䌀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 䘀漀爀洀 䈀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀⸀  ਀㄀⸀ऀ倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 一甀洀戀攀爀㨀  匀愀洀攀 愀猀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀 ਀㈀⸀ऀ刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 吀漀瀀椀挀㨀 匀愀洀攀 愀猀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀⸀ ਀㌀⸀ऀ倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 吀椀琀氀攀㨀 匀愀洀攀 愀猀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀⸀  ਀㐀⸀ऀ匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䌀漀渀挀攀爀渀㨀 匀愀洀攀 愀猀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀⸀ ਀㔀⸀ऀ刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀㨀 匀愀洀攀 愀猀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀⸀   ਀㘀⸀ऀ倀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 䤀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀⼀倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䴀愀渀愀最攀爀㨀 䔀渀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 昀甀氀氀 渀愀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀䤀⼀倀䴀 愀渀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 愀氀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ਀ऀ一漀琀攀㨀  伀昀昀攀爀漀爀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 攀渀猀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 愀氀氀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀攀猀 眀栀漀 眀椀氀氀 眀漀爀欀 漀渀 琀栀椀猀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 愀爀攀 攀氀椀最椀戀氀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 攀砀瀀漀爀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 吀爀愀昀昀椀挀 椀渀 䄀爀洀猀 ⠀䤀吀䄀刀⤀ 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䄀渀礀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀攀 眀栀漀 椀猀 渀漀琀 愀 唀⸀匀⸀ 挀椀琀椀稀攀渀 漀爀 愀 氀攀最愀氀 爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 爀攀猀琀爀椀挀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 漀渀 琀栀椀猀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀 椀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀猀 爀攀猀琀爀椀挀琀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 攀砀瀀漀爀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 䤀吀䄀刀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 嘀椀漀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 挀愀渀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 椀渀 挀爀椀洀椀渀愀氀 漀爀 挀椀瘀椀氀 瀀攀渀愀氀琀椀攀猀⸀ ਀㜀⸀  ऀ吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䄀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀㨀  匀甀洀洀愀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀ᤀ猠 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 椀渀 ㈀　　 眀漀爀搀猀 漀爀 氀攀猀猀⸀  吀栀攀 愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀 洀甀猀琀 渀漀琀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀 瀀爀漀瀀爀椀攀琀愀爀礀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 洀甀猀琀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 渀攀攀搀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 刀⼀刀☀䐀 攀昀昀漀爀琀⸀ ਀㠀⸀  ऀ倀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 一䄀匀䄀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⠀猀⤀㨀  匀甀洀洀愀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 漀爀 椀渀搀椀爀攀挀琀 一䄀匀䄀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀Ⰰ 愀猀猀甀洀椀渀最 琀栀攀 最漀愀氀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 刀⼀刀☀䐀 愀爀攀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀⸀ 䰀椀洀椀琀 礀漀甀爀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 琀漀 ㄀　　 眀漀爀搀猀 漀爀 ㄀Ⰰ㔀　　 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀攀瘀攀爀 椀猀 氀攀猀猀⸀  ਀㤀⸀    倀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 一漀渀ⴀ一䄀匀䄀 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⠀猀⤀㨀  匀甀洀洀愀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 漀爀 椀渀搀椀爀攀挀琀 一䄀匀䄀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀Ⰰ 愀猀猀甀洀椀渀最 琀栀攀 最漀愀氀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 刀⼀刀☀䐀 愀爀攀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀⸀ 䰀椀洀椀琀 礀漀甀爀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 琀漀 ㄀　　 眀漀爀搀猀 漀爀 ㄀Ⰰ㔀　　 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀攀瘀攀爀 椀猀 氀攀猀猀⸀ ਀  FORM C – STTR SUMMARY BUDGET਀ PROPOSAL NUMBER:਀匀䴀䄀䰀䰀 䈀唀匀䤀一䔀匀匀 䌀伀一䌀䔀刀一㨀ऀ ਀䐀䤀刀䔀䌀吀 䰀䄀䈀伀刀㨀 Category Hours Rate Cost਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀ␀ ਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀ吀伀吀䄀䰀 䐀䤀刀䔀䌀吀 䰀䄀䈀伀刀㨀  (1) $ ਀伀嘀䔀刀䠀䔀䄀䐀 䌀伀匀吀 ______% OF TOTAL DIRECT LABOR OR $ ______਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀ伀嘀䔀刀䠀䔀䄀䐀 䌀伀匀吀㨀ऀ (2) $ ਀伀吀䠀䔀刀 䐀䤀刀䔀䌀吀 䌀伀匀吀匀 ⠀伀䐀䌀猀⤀㨀 Category Cost਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀ␀ ਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀ吀伀吀䄀䰀 伀吀䠀䔀刀 䐀䤀刀䔀䌀吀 䌀伀匀吀匀㨀 (3) $ ਀䔀砀瀀氀愀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 伀䐀䌀猀 ______________________________________਀开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开 ______________________________________਀ (1)+(2)+(3)=(4) SUBTOTAL: (4) $ ਀ GENERAL & ADMINISTRATIVE (G&A) COSTS਀开开开开开开─ 漀昀 匀甀戀琀漀琀愀氀 漀爀 ␀ 开开开开开开ऀऀऀ䜀☀䄀 䌀伀匀吀匀㨀 (5) $ ਀ (4)+(5)=(6) TOTAL COSTS (6) $ ਀ ADD PROFIT or SUBTRACT COST SHARING PROFIT/COST SHARING:਀⠀䄀猀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀⤀ऀऀऀऀऀ⠀㜀⤀ऀ␀   ऀऀ ਀⠀㘀⤀⬀⠀㜀⤀㴀⠀㠀⤀ऀऀऀऀऀ䄀䴀伀唀一吀 刀䔀儀唀䔀匀吀䔀䐀㨀 (8) $ ਀ PHASE I DELIVERABLES: Upon selection, SBCs will be required to submit mandatory deliverables such as progress reports, final report and New Technology Report as per their contract. Samples of all required contract deliverables are available in the NASA SBIR/STTR Firms Library via the NASA SBIR homepage (http://sbir.nasa.gov). If your firm is proposing any additional deliverables, list them below:਀ Deliverable Quantity Project Delivery Milestone਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ ਀ऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀऀ ਀䄀唀䐀䤀吀 䄀䜀䔀一䌀夀㨀  䤀昀 愀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 愀最攀渀挀礀 栀愀猀 攀瘀攀爀 愀甀搀椀琀攀搀 礀漀甀爀 愀挀挀漀甀渀琀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 琀栀攀 愀最攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 漀昀昀椀挀攀  location, and contact information below:਀ Agency: _________________________ Office/Location: _________________________ ਀倀栀漀渀攀㨀   开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开   䔀洀愀椀氀㨀  开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开 Guidelines for Preparing STTR Summary Budget਀ ਀吀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 猀甀戀洀椀琀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 愀 瀀爀椀挀椀渀最 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 漀昀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀搀 挀漀猀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 搀攀琀愀椀氀攀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 攀愀挀栀 挀漀猀琀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀✀猀 挀漀猀琀 愀挀挀漀甀渀琀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀   ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀洀洀愀爀礀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 攀氀椀洀椀渀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 昀甀氀氀礀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 樀甀猀琀椀昀礀 琀栀攀 愀洀漀甀渀琀猀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 攀愀挀栀 挀愀琀攀最漀爀礀⸀ 匀甀挀栀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀搀Ⰰ 愀猀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀Ⰰ 漀渀 愀 戀甀搀最攀琀 攀砀瀀氀愀渀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀愀最攀 椀洀洀攀搀椀愀琀攀氀礀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀甀洀洀愀爀礀 戀甀搀最攀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀  ਀匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䌀漀渀挀攀爀渀 ⴀ 匀愀洀攀 愀猀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀⸀ ਀倀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 䤀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀⼀倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䴀愀渀愀最攀爀 ⴀ 匀愀洀攀 愀猀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀⸀ ਀䐀椀爀攀挀琀 䰀愀戀漀爀 ⴀ 䔀渀琀攀爀 氀愀戀漀爀 挀愀琀攀最漀爀椀攀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 倀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 䤀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀⼀倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䴀愀渀愀最攀爀Ⰰ 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䄀猀猀椀猀琀愀渀琀⼀䰀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 䄀猀猀椀猀琀愀渀琀Ⰰ 䄀渀愀氀礀猀琀Ⰰ 䄀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 匀琀愀昀昀⤀Ⰰ 氀愀戀漀爀 爀愀琀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 栀漀甀爀猀 昀漀爀 攀愀挀栀 氀愀戀漀爀 挀愀琀攀最漀爀礀⸀ ਀伀瘀攀爀栀攀愀搀 䌀漀猀琀 ⴀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀礀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 爀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 戀愀猀攀⸀ 唀猀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 爀愀琀攀⠀猀⤀ 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀漀最渀椀稀愀渀琀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 愀甀搀椀琀椀渀最 愀最攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀⸀ 䤀昀 渀漀 爀愀琀攀⠀猀⤀ 栀愀猀 ⠀栀愀瘀攀⤀ 戀攀攀渀 愀甀搀椀琀攀搀Ⰰ 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 椀渀搀椀爀攀挀琀 挀漀猀琀 ⠀漀瘀攀爀栀攀愀搀⤀ 爀愀琀攀⠀猀⤀ 洀愀礀 戀攀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 昀漀爀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀渀挀攀 戀礀 一䄀匀䄀⸀ 匀栀漀眀 栀漀眀 琀栀椀猀 爀愀琀攀 椀猀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀搀⸀  吀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 洀愀礀 甀猀攀 眀栀愀琀攀瘀攀爀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 愀渀搀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 漀瘀攀爀栀攀愀搀 爀愀琀攀猀 愀爀攀 椀渀 愀挀挀漀爀搀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀洀✀猀 愀挀挀漀甀渀琀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 挀漀最渀椀稀愀渀琀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀椀渀最 愀最攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀⸀ 䴀甀氀琀椀瀀氀礀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀 䰀愀戀漀爀 䌀漀猀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 伀瘀攀爀栀攀愀搀 刀愀琀攀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 琀栀攀 伀瘀攀爀栀攀愀搀 䌀漀猀琀⸀ ਀䔀砀愀洀瀀氀攀㨀 䄀 琀礀瀀椀挀愀氀 匀䈀䌀 洀椀最栀琀 栀愀瘀攀 愀渀 漀瘀攀爀栀攀愀搀 爀愀琀攀 漀昀 ㌀　─⸀  䤀昀 琀栀攀 琀漀琀愀氀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 氀愀戀漀爀 挀漀猀琀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 愀爀攀 ␀㔀　Ⰰ　　　Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀搀 漀瘀攀爀栀攀愀搀 挀漀猀琀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 挀愀猀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 ⸀㌀砀㔀　Ⰰ　　　㴀␀㄀㔀Ⰰ　　　Ⰰ 椀昀 琀栀攀 戀愀猀攀 甀猀攀搀 椀猀 琀栀攀 琀漀琀愀氀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 氀愀戀漀爀 挀漀猀琀猀⸀  ਀ऀ漀爀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 昀漀爀 琀漀琀愀氀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀搀 漀瘀攀爀栀攀愀搀 挀漀猀琀猀 琀漀 攀砀攀挀甀琀攀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀⸀ ਀伀琀栀攀爀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀 䌀漀猀琀猀 ⠀伀䐀䌀猀⤀ ⴀ ⠀䤀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀甀搀最攀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀 愀猀 愀 伀琀栀攀爀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀 䌀漀猀琀⸀⤀ - Materials and Supplies: Indicate types required and estimate costs.਀ⴀऀ䐀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 䌀漀猀琀猀 漀爀 倀愀最攀 䌀栀愀爀最攀猀㨀 䔀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀⸀ - Subcontracts: Include a completed budget including hours and rates and justify details. (Section 3.2.4, Part 9.)਀ⴀऀ䌀漀渀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀㨀 䤀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀 渀愀洀攀Ⰰ 搀愀椀氀礀 挀漀洀瀀攀渀猀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀搀 搀愀礀猀 漀昀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀⸀  - Computer Services: Computer equipment leasing is included here. ਀ List all other direct costs that are not otherwise included in the categories described above. ਀ Explanations of all items identified as ODCs must be provided under “Explanation of ODCs.” Offeror should include the basis used for estimating costs (vendor quote, catalog price, etc.) For example, if “Materials” is listed as an ODC, include a description of the materials, the quantity required and basis for the proposed cost.਀ Subtotal (4) - Sum of (1) Total Direct Labor, (2) Overhead and (3) ODCs਀ General and Administrative (G&A) Costs (5)- Specify current rate and base. Use current rate negotiated with the cognizant Federal negotiating agency, if available. If no rate has been negotiated, a reasonable indirect cost (G&A) rate may be requested for acceptance by NASA. If a current negotiated rate is not available, NASA will negotiate a reasonable rate with the offeror. Multiply (4) subtotal (Total Direct Cost) by the G&A rate to determine G&A Cost. ਀ or provide an estimated G&A costs number for the proposal.਀ Total Costs (6) - Sum of Items (4) and (5). Note that this value will be used in verifying the minimum required work percentage for the SBC and RI.਀ Profit/Cost Sharing (7) - See Sections 5.11 and 5.12. Profit to be added to total budget, shared costs to be subtracted from total budget, as applicable.਀ Amount Requested (8) - Sum of Items (6) and (7), not to exceed $100,000.਀ Deliverables and Audit Information (9): ਀ Deliverables: List any additional deliverables, if applicable. Include the deliverable name, quantity (include unit of measurement, i.e., 2 models or 1.5 lbs. of material), and the proposed delivery milestone (i.e., end of contract). This section should only be completed if the offeror is proposing a deliverable in addition to the mandatory deliverables (progress report, final report and New Technology Report).਀ Audit Agency: Complete the “Contact Information” section if your firm’s accounting system has been audited by a Federal agency. Provide the agency name, the office branch or location, and the phone number and/or email.਀  MODEL COOPERATIVE R/R&D AGREEMENT਀ ਀ By virtue of the signatures of our authorized representatives, (Small Business Concern), and (Research Institution) have agreed to cooperate on the (Proposal Title) Project, in accordance with the proposal being submitted with this agreement.਀ This agreement shall be binding until the completion of all Phase I activities, at a minimum. If the (Proposal Title) Project is selected to continue into Phase II, the agreement may also be binding in Phase II activities that are funded by NASA, then this agreement shall be binding until those activities are completed. The agreement may also be binding in Phase III activities that are funded by NASA.਀ After notification of Phase I selection and prior to contract release, we shall prepare and submit, if requested by NASA, an Allocation of Rights Agreement, which shall state our rights to the intellectual property and technology to be developed and commercialized by the (Proposal Title) Project. We understand that our contract cannot be approved and project activities may not commence until the Allocation of Rights Agreement has been signed and certified to NASA.਀ Please direct all questions and comments to (Small Business Concern representative) at (Phone Number) ਀ ਀ Signature ਀ Name/title ਀ ਀ऀ匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䌀漀渀挀攀爀渀ऀऀ ਀ऀ匀椀最渀愀琀甀爀攀ऀऀऀ ਀ऀ一愀洀攀⼀琀椀琀氀攀ऀऀऀ ਀ऀ刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀ऀऀ ਀ ਀匀䴀䄀䰀䰀 䈀唀匀䤀一䔀匀匀 吀䔀䌀䠀一伀䰀伀䜀夀 吀刀䄀一匀䘀䔀刀 ⠀匀吀吀刀⤀ 倀刀伀䜀刀䄀䴀 MODEL ALLOCATION OF RIGHTS AGREEMENT਀ ਀吀栀椀猀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开Ⰰ 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀攀搀 愀猀 愀 开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 氀愀眀猀 漀昀 开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开 愀渀搀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 瀀氀愀挀攀 漀昀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 愀琀 开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开 开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开Ⰰ ⠀∀匀䈀䌀∀⤀ 愀渀搀 开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开Ⰰ 愀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 瀀氀愀挀攀 漀昀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 愀琀 开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开 开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开Ⰰ⠀∀刀䤀∀⤀ 椀猀 攀渀琀攀爀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 漀昀 愀氀氀漀挀愀琀椀渀最 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀 爀椀最栀琀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀渀最 琀漀 愀渀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 琀漀 戀攀 挀愀爀爀椀攀搀 漀甀琀 戀礀 匀䈀䌀 愀渀搀 刀䤀 ⠀栀攀爀攀椀渀愀昀琀攀爀 爀攀昀攀爀爀攀搀 琀漀 愀猀 琀栀攀 ∀倀䄀刀吀䤀䔀匀∀⤀ 甀渀搀攀爀 愀渀 匀吀吀刀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀眀愀爀搀攀搀 戀礀 开一䄀匀䄀开开开开开开开开 琀漀 匀䈀䌀 琀漀 昀甀渀搀 愀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 攀渀琀椀琀氀攀搀 ∀开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开 开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开∀ 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀Ⰰ 漀爀 琀漀 戀攀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀Ⰰ 琀漀 戀礀 匀䈀䌀 漀渀 漀爀 愀戀漀甀琀 开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开Ⰰ ㈀　　开开开⸀ ਀㄀⸀  䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀愀⤀ 吀栀椀猀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 漀渀氀礀 琀漀 洀愀琀琀攀爀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 爀攀昀攀爀爀攀搀 琀漀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀愀洀戀氀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀戀⤀ 䤀昀 愀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 椀猀 愀眀愀爀搀攀搀 琀漀 匀䈀䌀 戀愀猀攀搀 甀瀀漀渀 琀栀攀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 爀攀昀攀爀爀攀搀 琀漀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀愀洀戀氀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀Ⰰ 匀䈀䌀 眀椀氀氀 瀀爀漀洀瀀琀氀礀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 刀䤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 匀䈀䌀 眀椀氀氀 洀愀欀攀 愀 猀甀戀ⴀ愀眀愀爀搀 琀漀 刀䤀 椀渀 愀挀挀漀爀搀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀⸀  䤀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀爀洀猀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 戀攀 椀渀挀漀渀猀椀猀琀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀猀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 倀愀爀琀椀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀 椀渀 最漀漀搀 昀愀椀琀栀 琀漀 爀攀猀漀氀瘀攀 愀渀礀 猀甀挀栀 椀渀挀漀渀猀椀猀琀攀渀挀椀攀猀⸀  ਀䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 椀昀 猀甀挀栀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 渀漀琀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀Ⰰ 匀䈀䌀 猀栀愀氀氀 渀漀琀 戀攀 漀戀氀椀最愀琀攀搀 琀漀 愀眀愀爀搀 渀漀爀 刀䤀 琀漀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀ⴀ愀眀愀爀搀⸀  䤀昀 愀 猀甀戀ⴀ愀眀愀爀搀 椀猀 洀愀搀攀 戀礀 匀䈀䌀 愀渀搀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀攀搀 戀礀 刀䤀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 猀栀愀氀氀 渀漀琀 戀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 挀漀渀琀爀愀搀椀挀琀 琀栀攀 琀攀爀洀猀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 猀甀戀ⴀ愀眀愀爀搀 漀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 愀眀愀爀搀攀搀 戀礀 一䄀匀䄀 琀漀 匀䈀䌀 攀砀挀攀瀀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀猀 漀昀 昀爀愀甀搀Ⰰ 洀椀猀爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀爀 洀椀猀琀愀欀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 琀漀 爀攀猀漀氀瘀攀 愀洀戀椀最甀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 琀攀爀洀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀ⴀ愀眀愀爀搀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀挀⤀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀猀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 猀栀愀氀氀 愀瀀瀀氀礀 琀漀 愀渀礀 愀渀搀 愀氀氀 挀漀渀猀甀氀琀愀渀琀猀Ⰰ 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀猀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀搀 戀礀 匀䈀䌀 漀爀 刀䤀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀⸀ ਀㈀⸀  䈀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀愀⤀  ∀䈀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀∀ 洀攀愀渀猀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 氀攀最愀氀 爀椀最栀琀 琀栀攀爀攀椀渀 漀昀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 漀爀 戀漀琀栀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 漀爀 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀愀琀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀猀Ⰰ 琀爀愀搀攀洀愀爀欀猀Ⰰ 洀愀猀欀 眀漀爀欀猀Ⰰ 琀爀愀搀攀 猀攀挀爀攀琀猀 愀渀搀 愀渀礀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 攀洀戀漀搀礀椀渀最 瀀爀漀瀀爀椀攀琀愀爀礀 搀愀琀愀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 搀愀琀愀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀戀⤀ 吀栀椀猀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 猀栀愀氀氀 渀漀琀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀攀搀 愀猀 椀洀瀀氀礀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 瀀愀爀琀礀 栀攀爀攀琀漀 猀栀愀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀 琀漀 甀猀攀 䈀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 椀渀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀椀猀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 攀砀挀攀瀀琀 愀猀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 栀攀爀攀甀渀搀攀爀⸀  (1) The following Background Intellectual Property of SBC may be used nonexclusively and, except as noted, without compensation by RI in connection with research or development activities for this STTR project (if "none" so state):_______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________;਀ (2) The following Background Intellectual Property of RI may be used nonexclusively and, except as noted, without compensation by SBC in connection with research or development activities for this STTR project (if "none" so state): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________;਀ (3) The following Background Intellectual Property of RI may be used by SBC nonexclusively in connection with commercialization of the results of this STTR project, to the extent that such use is reasonably necessary for practical, efficient and competitive commercialization of such results but not for commercialization independent of the commercialization of such results, subject to any rights of the Government therein and upon the condition that SBC pay to RI, in addition to any other royalty including any royalty specified in the following list, a royalty of _____% of net sales or leases made by or under the authority of SBC of any product or service that embodies, or the manufacture or normal use of which entails the use of, all or any part of such Background Intellectual Property (if "none" so state):਀开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开⸀ ਀㌀⸀  倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀愀⤀ ∀倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀∀ 洀攀愀渀猀 琀栀攀 氀攀最愀氀 爀椀最栀琀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀渀最 琀漀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 匀甀戀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀 愀猀 搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 ㌀㜀 䌀䘀刀 ꜀ 㐀　㄀⤀Ⰰ 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀愀琀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 挀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀猀Ⰰ 琀爀愀搀攀洀愀爀欀猀Ⰰ 洀愀猀欀 眀漀爀欀猀Ⰰ 琀爀愀搀攀 猀攀挀爀攀琀猀 愀渀搀 愀渀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 氀攀最愀氀氀礀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀愀戀氀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀Ⰰ 昀椀爀猀琀 洀愀搀攀 漀爀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 匀吀吀刀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀戀⤀ 䔀砀挀攀瀀琀 愀猀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 栀攀爀攀椀渀Ⰰ 漀眀渀攀爀猀栀椀瀀 漀昀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 猀栀愀氀氀 瘀攀猀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀礀 眀栀漀猀攀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀 挀漀渀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 洀愀琀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀甀挀栀 瀀愀爀琀礀 洀愀礀 瀀攀爀昀攀挀琀 氀攀最愀氀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 椀琀猀 漀眀渀 渀愀洀攀 愀渀搀 愀琀 椀琀猀 漀眀渀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀攀⸀  䨀漀椀渀琀氀礀 洀愀搀攀 漀爀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 樀漀椀渀琀氀礀 漀眀渀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 倀愀爀琀椀攀猀 甀渀氀攀猀猀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀 愀最爀攀攀搀 椀渀 眀爀椀琀椀渀最⸀  吀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 猀栀愀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀猀 椀渀 樀漀椀渀琀氀礀 洀愀搀攀 漀爀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 甀渀氀攀猀猀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀 愀最爀攀攀搀 椀渀 眀爀椀琀椀渀最⸀ ਀ऀऀ⠀㄀⤀ 吀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀猀 琀漀 愀渀礀 爀攀瘀攀渀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀昀椀琀猀Ⰰ 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 愀渀礀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 愀氀氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 刀䤀 愀猀 昀漀氀氀漀眀猀㨀 ਀ऀ匀䈀䌀 倀攀爀挀攀渀琀㨀 开开开开开开开开ऀऀ刀䤀 倀攀爀挀攀渀琀㨀 开开开开开开开开 ਀ऀऀ⠀㈀⤀ 䔀砀瀀攀渀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 洀愀爀欀攀琀椀渀最 漀昀 愀渀礀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 愀氀氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 愀猀 昀漀氀氀漀眀猀㨀  琀栀攀 匀䈀䌀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 开开开开开开 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 刀䤀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 开开开开开开 瀀攀爀挀攀渀琀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀挀⤀ 吀栀攀 倀愀爀琀椀攀猀 愀最爀攀攀 琀漀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀攀 琀漀 攀愀挀栀 漀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 椀渀 眀爀椀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 攀愀挀栀 愀渀搀 攀瘀攀爀礀 匀甀戀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 洀愀礀 戀攀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀愀戀氀攀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀愀戀氀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 氀愀眀猀 椀渀 吀椀琀氀攀 ㌀㔀Ⰰ 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀 䌀漀搀攀⸀  吀栀攀 倀愀爀琀椀攀猀 愀挀欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 眀椀氀氀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀攀 匀甀戀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 攀愀挀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䄀最攀渀挀礀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀眀漀 洀漀渀琀栀猀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀椀爀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀ 昀椀爀猀琀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀攀 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 眀爀椀琀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀⠀猀⤀ 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 洀愀琀琀攀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀椀渀最 倀愀爀琀礀⸀  䄀氀氀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀 猀栀愀氀氀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 搀攀琀愀椀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀渀礀 猀琀愀琀甀琀漀爀礀 戀愀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 洀愀爀欀攀搀 挀漀渀昀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀Ⰰ 椀渀 愀挀挀漀爀搀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 ㌀㔀 唀⸀匀⸀䌀⸀ ꜀ ㈀　㔀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀搀⤀ 䔀愀挀栀 瀀愀爀琀礀 栀攀爀攀琀漀 洀愀礀 甀猀攀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 渀漀渀攀砀挀氀甀猀椀瘀攀氀礀 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 挀漀洀瀀攀渀猀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀爀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 椀渀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀 椀渀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䄀䜀䔀一䌀夀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䄀䜀䔀一䌀夀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀搀 昀甀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 瀀栀愀猀攀猀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀攀⤀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀✀猀 爀椀最栀琀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 倀愀琀攀渀琀 刀椀最栀琀猀 挀氀愀甀猀攀 漀昀 ㌀㜀 䌀䘀刀 ꜀ 㐀　㄀⸀㄀㐀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 倀愀爀琀椀攀猀 愀最爀攀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 猀栀愀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 愀渀 椀爀爀攀瘀漀挀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 爀漀礀愀氀琀礀 昀爀攀攀Ⰰ 渀漀渀攀砀挀氀甀猀椀瘀攀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 椀渀 愀渀礀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀⸀ (f) SBC will have an option to commercialize the Project Intellectual Property of RI, subject to any rights of the Government therein, as follows¾਀ऀऀ⠀㄀⤀ 圀栀攀爀攀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 漀昀 刀䤀 椀猀 愀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀愀戀氀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 匀䈀䌀 眀椀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 愀渀 攀砀挀氀甀猀椀瘀攀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 愀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀 琀漀 猀甀挀栀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 愀渀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 开开开开开开开 洀漀渀琀栀猀 愀昀琀攀爀 猀甀挀栀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀搀 琀漀 匀䈀䌀⸀  匀䈀䌀 洀愀礀Ⰰ 愀琀 椀琀猀 攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀攀 爀攀椀洀戀甀爀猀攀洀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀猀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 攀砀琀攀渀搀 猀甀挀栀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 愀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 开开开开开开开 洀漀渀琀栀猀 戀礀 最椀瘀椀渀最 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 渀漀琀椀挀攀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 刀䤀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀椀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀⸀  䐀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 渀漀琀椀挀攀 戀礀 匀䈀䌀 漀昀 攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 攀砀琀攀渀搀Ⰰ 刀䤀 眀椀氀氀 瀀甀爀猀甀攀 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀 愀渀礀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 眀爀椀琀椀渀最 戀礀 匀䈀䌀 愀渀搀Ⰰ 攀砀挀攀瀀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 挀漀渀猀攀渀琀 漀昀 匀䈀䌀 漀爀 甀瀀漀渀 琀栀攀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀 漀昀 匀䈀䌀 琀漀 爀攀椀洀戀甀爀猀攀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀椀渀最 攀砀瀀攀渀猀攀猀 愀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀椀猀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀椀氀氀 渀漀琀 瘀漀氀甀渀琀愀爀椀氀礀 搀椀猀挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀 琀栀攀 瀀甀爀猀甀椀琀 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 愀渀礀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 椀渀椀琀椀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 刀䤀 漀爀 漀昀 愀渀礀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 戀礀 匀䈀䌀⸀  䘀漀爀 愀渀礀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 匀䈀䌀 最椀瘀攀猀 渀漀琀椀挀攀 漀昀 椀琀猀 攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 攀砀琀攀渀搀 琀栀攀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 匀䈀䌀 眀椀氀氀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀椀渀 开开开开开开 搀愀礀猀 愀昀琀攀爀 椀渀瘀漀椀挀攀Ⰰ 爀攀椀洀戀甀爀猀攀 刀䤀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀攀猀 椀渀挀甀爀爀攀搀 戀礀 刀䤀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 攀砀瀀椀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 椀渀 瀀甀爀猀甀椀渀最 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 ⠀椀⤀ 愀渀礀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀椀琀椀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 刀䤀 愀渀搀 ⠀椀椀⤀ 愀渀礀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀攀搀 戀礀 匀䈀䌀⸀ 匀䈀䌀 洀愀礀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀攀 猀甀挀栀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀 愀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀礀 最椀瘀椀渀最 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 渀漀琀椀挀攀 琀漀 刀䤀Ⰰ 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀猀攀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 愀挀挀爀甀愀氀 漀昀 爀攀椀洀戀甀爀猀愀戀氀攀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀椀渀最 攀砀瀀攀渀猀攀猀 栀攀爀攀甀渀搀攀爀Ⰰ 漀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 瀀爀椀漀爀 挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀猀 渀漀琀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 爀攀瘀漀挀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 眀椀氀氀 挀攀愀猀攀 甀瀀漀渀 刀䤀✀猀 爀攀挀攀椀瀀琀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 渀漀琀椀挀攀⸀  䄀琀 愀渀礀 琀椀洀攀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀椀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀渀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 匀䈀䌀 洀愀礀 攀砀攀爀挀椀猀攀 猀甀挀栀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 最椀瘀椀渀最 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 渀漀琀椀挀攀 琀漀 刀䤀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀甀瀀漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 瀀爀漀洀瀀琀氀礀 愀渀搀 椀渀 最漀漀搀 昀愀椀琀栀 攀渀琀攀爀 椀渀琀漀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 愀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 刀䤀✀猀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 爀椀最栀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 匀䈀䌀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀Ⰰ 甀猀攀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 猀攀氀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀洀戀漀搀礀Ⰰ 漀爀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 甀猀攀 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀猀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀⸀  吀栀攀 琀攀爀洀猀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀 眀椀氀氀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ⠀椀⤀ 瀀愀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 爀漀礀愀氀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 刀䤀 漀渀 猀愀氀攀猀 漀昀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 攀洀戀漀搀礀Ⰰ 漀爀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀攀 漀爀 甀猀攀 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀猀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀㬀 ⠀椀椀⤀ 爀攀椀洀戀甀爀猀攀洀攀渀琀 戀礀 匀䈀䌀 漀昀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀攀猀 椀渀挀甀爀爀攀搀 戀礀 刀䤀 椀渀 猀攀攀欀椀渀最 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 挀漀甀渀琀爀椀攀猀 挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀 ⠀眀栀椀挀栀 爀攀椀洀戀甀爀猀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 愀渀礀 猀甀挀栀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀攀猀 椀渀挀甀爀爀攀搀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 戀礀 匀䈀䌀 眀椀琀栀 刀䤀✀猀 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀渀猀漀昀愀爀 愀猀 搀攀爀椀瘀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 刀䤀✀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀 猀甀挀栀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 洀愀礀 戀攀 漀昀昀猀攀琀 椀渀 昀甀氀氀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 甀瀀 琀漀 开开开开开开开 漀昀 愀挀挀爀甀攀搀 爀漀礀愀氀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 攀砀挀攀猀猀 漀昀 愀渀礀 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 爀漀礀愀氀琀椀攀猀 搀甀攀 刀䤀⤀㬀 愀渀搀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀愀猀攀 漀昀 愀渀 攀砀挀氀甀猀椀瘀攀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀Ⰰ ⠀椀椀椀⤀ 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀氀攀猀琀漀渀攀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 爀漀礀愀氀琀椀攀猀⸀ ਀ऀऀ⠀㈀⤀ 圀栀攀爀攀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 漀昀 刀䤀 椀猀 漀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 愀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀愀戀氀攀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 匀䈀䌀 眀椀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 愀渀 攀砀挀氀甀猀椀瘀攀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 愀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 愀渀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 攀砀琀攀渀搀椀渀最 甀渀琀椀氀 开开开开开开 洀漀渀琀栀猀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 刀䤀✀猀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀愀琀 瀀栀愀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 猀甀挀栀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 漀昀 刀䤀 眀愀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 戀礀 刀䤀⸀  匀䈀䌀 洀愀礀 攀砀攀爀挀椀猀攀 猀甀挀栀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 最椀瘀椀渀最 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 渀漀琀椀挀攀 琀漀 刀䤀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀甀瀀漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 瀀爀漀洀瀀琀氀礀 愀渀搀 椀渀 最漀漀搀 昀愀椀琀栀 攀渀琀攀爀 椀渀琀漀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 愀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 刀䤀✀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 洀愀琀琀攀爀 昀漀爀 匀䈀䌀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀Ⰰ 甀猀攀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 猀攀氀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 攀洀戀漀搀礀Ⰰ 漀爀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 甀猀攀 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 漀昀 刀䤀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀攀爀洀猀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀 眀椀氀氀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ⠀椀⤀ 瀀愀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 爀漀礀愀氀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 刀䤀 漀渀 猀愀氀攀猀 漀昀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀洀戀漀搀礀Ⰰ 漀爀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀攀 漀爀 甀猀攀 漀昀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀猀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 漀昀 刀䤀 愀渀搀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀愀猀攀 漀昀 愀渀 攀砀挀氀甀猀椀瘀攀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀Ⰰ ⠀椀椀⤀ 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀氀攀猀琀漀渀攀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 爀漀礀愀氀琀椀攀猀⸀ ਀ऀऀ⠀㌀⤀ 圀栀攀爀攀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 漀渀攀 爀漀礀愀氀琀礀 洀椀最栀琀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀 戀攀 搀甀攀 椀渀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 漀昀 愀渀礀 甀渀椀琀 漀昀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 愀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀 瀀甀爀猀甀愀渀琀 琀漀 琀栀椀猀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀 猀栀愀氀氀 椀渀 最漀漀搀 昀愀椀琀栀 渀攀最漀琀椀愀琀攀 琀漀 愀洀攀氀椀漀爀愀琀攀 愀渀礀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 琀栀攀爀攀漀昀 琀栀愀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 琀栀爀攀愀琀攀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瘀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀昀昀攀挀琀攀搀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 戀礀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 椀渀 猀甀挀栀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀⠀猀⤀ 昀漀爀 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 搀椀猀挀漀甀渀琀 漀爀 挀愀瀀 漀渀 琀漀琀愀氀 爀漀礀愀氀琀椀攀猀 搀甀攀 椀渀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 漀昀 愀渀礀 猀甀挀栀 甀渀椀琀⸀ ਀㐀⸀  䘀漀氀氀漀眀팀濽渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀爀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀䄀氀氀 昀漀氀氀漀眀팀濽渀 眀漀爀欀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀渀礀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀猀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀Ⰰ 猀甀戀挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀猀Ⰰ 猀甀戀氀椀挀攀渀猀攀猀 漀爀 愀爀爀愀渀最攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 愀渀礀 琀礀瀀攀Ⰰ 猀栀愀氀氀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀猀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀 琀栀攀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 爀椀最栀琀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀猀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀甀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 倀愀爀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 漀戀琀愀椀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀琀愀椀渀 猀甀挀栀 爀椀最栀琀猀 最爀愀渀琀攀搀 栀攀爀攀椀渀 椀渀 愀氀氀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 漀爀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 眀漀爀欀⸀ ਀㔀⸀  䌀漀渀昀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀椀琀礀⼀倀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀愀⤀ 䈀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 愀渀搀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀攀爀琀礀 漀昀 愀 瀀愀爀琀礀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀爀漀瀀爀椀攀琀愀爀礀 漀爀 挀漀渀昀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀 瀀愀爀琀礀Ⰰ 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀愀琀 瀀愀爀琀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 椀渀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀椀猀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 愀渀搀 栀攀氀搀 椀渀 挀漀渀昀椀搀攀渀挀攀 戀礀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀 愀渀搀Ⰰ 攀砀挀攀瀀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀猀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀 漀爀 愀猀 瀀攀爀洀椀琀琀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀椀猀 䄀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 渀攀椀琀栀攀爀 甀猀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀 渀漀爀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀 琀漀 漀琀栀攀爀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀 栀愀猀 渀漀琀椀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀挀栀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 爀攀最愀爀搀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀 愀猀 瀀爀漀瀀爀椀攀琀愀爀礀 漀爀 挀漀渀昀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀⸀  䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀猀攀 挀漀渀昀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀椀琀礀 漀戀氀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 猀栀愀氀氀 渀漀琀 愀瀀瀀氀礀 琀漀 甀猀攀 漀爀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀甀爀攀 戀礀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀 愀昀琀攀爀 猀甀挀栀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 漀爀 戀攀挀漀洀攀猀 欀渀漀眀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 戀爀攀愀挀栀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀猀椀漀渀 漀爀 椀猀 漀爀 戀攀挀漀洀攀猀 欀渀漀眀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀 昀爀漀洀 愀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀礀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀 漀爀 椀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 戀礀 漀爀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀氀礀 漀昀 椀琀猀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀甀爀攀 戀礀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀氀漀猀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀戀⤀ 匀甀戀樀攀挀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 琀攀爀洀猀 漀昀 瀀愀爀愀最爀愀瀀栀 ⠀愀⤀ 愀戀漀瘀攀Ⰰ 攀椀琀栀攀爀 瀀愀爀琀礀 洀愀礀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀 椀琀猀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀椀猀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀⸀  䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀 眀椀氀氀 最椀瘀攀 愀 爀椀最栀琀 漀昀 爀攀昀甀猀愀氀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀愀爀琀礀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 琀漀 愀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 愀 开开开开开 搀愀礀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀漀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀洀椀琀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 最椀瘀攀渀 昀甀氀氀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  䘀甀爀琀栀攀爀洀漀爀攀Ⰰ 甀瀀漀渀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀Ⰰ 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 搀攀昀攀爀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 甀瀀 琀漀 开开开开开开 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 搀愀礀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 昀椀氀椀渀最 漀昀 愀 瀀愀琀攀渀琀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀 栀愀猀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀 琀漀 昀椀氀攀 漀爀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 昀椀氀攀搀 愀琀 椀琀猀 爀攀焀甀攀猀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀礀⸀ ਀㘀⸀  䰀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀愀⤀ 䔀愀挀栀 瀀愀爀琀礀 搀椀猀挀氀愀椀洀猀 愀氀氀 眀愀爀爀愀渀琀椀攀猀 爀甀渀渀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 漀爀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 琀漀 琀栀椀爀搀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 攀砀瀀爀攀猀猀 漀爀 椀洀瀀氀椀攀搀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 氀椀洀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 眀愀爀爀愀渀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 洀攀爀挀栀愀渀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 昀椀琀渀攀猀猀 昀漀爀 愀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀爀攀攀搀漀洀 昀爀漀洀 椀渀昀爀椀渀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 琀漀 愀渀礀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 爀攀猀甀氀琀Ⰰ 搀攀猀椀最渀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀琀漀琀礀瀀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 漀爀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 搀攀爀椀瘀椀渀最 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 漀爀 椀渀搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 愀渀搀 椀渀 眀栀漀氀攀 漀爀 瀀愀爀琀 昀爀漀洀 猀甀挀栀 瀀愀爀琀礀 椀渀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀椀猀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀戀⤀ 匀䈀䌀 眀椀氀氀 椀渀搀攀洀渀椀昀礀 愀渀搀 栀漀氀搀 栀愀爀洀氀攀猀猀 刀䤀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀最愀爀搀 琀漀 愀渀礀 挀氀愀椀洀猀 愀爀椀猀椀渀最 椀渀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 戀礀 漀爀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀礀 漀昀 匀䈀䌀⸀ 吀栀攀 倀䄀刀吀䤀䔀匀 眀椀氀氀 椀渀搀攀洀渀椀昀礀 愀渀搀 栀漀氀搀 栀愀爀洀氀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀最愀爀搀 琀漀 愀渀礀 挀氀愀椀洀猀 愀爀椀猀椀渀最 椀渀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 匀吀吀刀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀⸀ ਀㜀⸀  吀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀愀⤀ 吀栀椀猀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 倀愀爀琀礀 甀瀀漀渀 开开 搀愀礀猀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 渀漀琀椀挀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 倀愀爀琀礀⸀  吀栀椀猀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 洀愀礀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 倀愀爀琀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀瘀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 倀愀爀琀礀 琀漀 挀漀洀瀀氀礀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 琀攀爀洀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀ऀ⠀戀⤀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 攀瘀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 倀愀爀琀礀Ⰰ 攀愀挀栀 倀愀爀琀礀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 椀琀猀 猀栀愀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀猀 椀渀挀甀爀爀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 搀愀琀攀 漀昀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 椀琀猀 猀栀愀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀猀 椀渀挀甀爀爀攀搀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 搀愀琀攀 漀昀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  吀栀攀 挀漀渀昀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 甀猀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 渀漀渀搀椀猀挀氀漀猀甀爀攀 漀戀氀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 猀栀愀氀氀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀攀 愀渀礀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀⸀ ਀䄀䜀刀䔀䔀䐀 吀伀 䄀一䐀 䄀䌀䌀䔀倀吀䔀䐀팀폽ý ਀匀洀愀氀氀 䈀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 䌀漀渀挀攀爀渀 ਀䈀礀㨀开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开ऀ䐀愀琀攀㨀开开开开开开开开开开开开开开 Print Name:__________________________________________________਀吀椀琀氀攀㨀开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开 ਀刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀 ਀䈀礀㨀开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开ऀ䐀愀琀攀㨀开开开开开开开开开开开开开开 Print Name:__________________________________________________਀吀椀琀氀攀㨀开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开开  ਀匀吀吀刀 䌀䠀䔀䌀䬀 䰀䤀匀吀 ਀ For assistance in completing your proposal, use the following checklist to ensure your submission is complete.਀ 1. The entire proposal including any supplemental material shall not exceed a total of 25 8.5 x 11 inch pages, including Cooperative Agreement. (Sections 3.2.2, 3.2.5).਀ 2. The proposal and innovation is submitted for one topic only. (Sections 1.4.1, 5.1.1).਀ 3. The entire proposal is submitted consistent with the requirements and in the order outlined in Section 3.2਀ 4. The technical proposal contains all eleven parts in order. (Section 3.2.4). ਀ 5. Certifications in Form A are completed.਀ 6. Proposed funding does not exceed $100,000. (Sections 1.4.1, 5.1.1).਀ 7. Proposed project duration should not exceed 12 months. (Sections 1.4.1, 5.1.1).਀ 8. Cooperative Agreement has been electronically endorsed by both the SBC Official and RI. (Sections 3.2.2, 3.2.5).਀ 9. Entire proposal including Forms A, B, and C submitted via the Internet.਀ 10. Form A electronically endorsed by the SBC Official. ਀ 11. Proposals must be received by the NASA SBIR/STTR Program Support Office no later than by 5:00 p.m. EDT on Tuesday, September 9, 2003. (Section 6.4). ਀ ਀㤀⸀  刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 吀漀瀀椀挀猀 昀漀爀 匀䈀䤀刀 愀渀搀 匀吀吀刀 ਀㤀⸀㄀  匀䈀䤀刀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 吀漀瀀椀挀猀 ਀䤀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 ਀吀栀攀 匀䈀䤀刀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 愀氀椀最渀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 一䄀匀䄀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀猀 ⠀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⤀⸀  ਀吀栀攀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀猀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀Ⰰ 愀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 氀攀瘀攀氀Ⰰ 眀栀愀琀 一䄀匀䄀 搀漀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 眀栀漀洀⸀  䔀愀挀栀 匀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 椀猀 愀渀愀氀漀最漀甀猀 琀漀 愀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 甀渀椀琀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀搀 戀礀 瀀爀椀瘀愀琀攀ⴀ猀攀挀琀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀椀攀猀 琀漀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀椀爀 挀甀猀琀漀洀攀爀猀✀ 渀攀攀搀猀⸀  䔀愀挀栀 匀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 栀愀猀 愀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 猀攀琀 漀昀 最漀愀氀猀Ⰰ 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀攀猀⸀  匀䈀䤀刀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀猀 愀爀攀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 匀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀猀㨀 ਀䄀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 Biological and Physical Research਀䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 Space Flight਀匀瀀愀挀攀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 ਀䄀 猀椀砀琀栀 匀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 ㈀　　㌀㨀 䔀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 ਀䔀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 愀 挀爀漀猀猀挀甀琀琀椀渀最 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀㨀 䤀琀 眀漀爀欀猀 琀漀 挀漀漀爀搀椀渀愀琀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀猀ᤀ†椀渀 漀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 䬀ⴀ㄀㈀ 愀渀搀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀氀氀攀最攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀猀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 匀䈀䤀刀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀瘀攀 愀渀 漀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 愀渀搀 䔀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀挀甀猀Ⰰ 洀愀琀挀栀椀渀最 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀猀 漀昀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀ᤀ猠 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀吀吀刀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 愀渀渀漀甀渀挀攀搀 挀漀渀挀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 匀䈀䤀刀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀搀搀猀 愀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 氀椀渀欀愀最攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䔀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀⸀ ਀ 9.1.1 AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY਀ NASA’s Aerospace Technology Enterprise pioneers the identification, development, verification, transfer, application, and commercialization of high-payoff aeronautics technologies. It seeks to promote economic growth and security and to enhance U.S. competitiveness through safe, superior, and environmentally compatible U.S. civil and military aircraft and through a safe, efficient national aviation system. In addition, the Enterprise recognizes that the space transportation industry can benefit significantly from the transfer of aviation technologies and flight operations to launch vehicles, the goal being to reduce the cost of access to space. The Enterprise will work closely with its aeronautics customers, including U.S. industry, the Department of Defense, and the Federal Aviation Administration, to ensure that its technology products and services add value, are timely, and have been developed to the level where the customer can confidently make decisions regarding the application of those technologies.਀ http://www.aero-space.nasa.gov/ ਀ TOPIC A1 Aviation Safety and Security 56਀䄀㄀⸀　㄀ 䌀爀攀眀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 䄀椀爀猀瀀愀挀攀 匀愀昀攀琀礀 愀渀搀 匀攀挀甀爀椀琀礀ऀ㔀㘀 A1.02 Propulsion and Airframe Failure Data and Accident Mitigation 57਀䄀㄀⸀　㌀ 䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 伀渀ⴀ䰀椀渀攀 䠀攀愀氀琀栀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 䐀愀琀愀 䄀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀ऀ㔀㠀 TOPIC A2 Vehicle Systems 59਀䄀㈀⸀　㄀ 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 䔀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 一漀椀猀攀 倀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 刀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀ऀ㔀㤀 A2.02 Electric and Intelligent Propulsion Technologies for Environmentally Harmonious Aircraft 60਀䄀㈀⸀　㌀ 刀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀ऀ㘀㄀ A2.04 Airframe Systems Noise Prediction and Reduction 62਀䄀㈀⸀　㔀 刀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 䌀漀爀攀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀ऀ㘀㈀ A2.06 Modeling and Control of Complex Flows Over Aerospace Vehicles and Propulsion Systems 63਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䄀㌀ 䄀椀爀猀瀀愀挀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀ऀ㘀㐀 A3.01 21st Century Air-Traffic Management 64਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䄀㐀 一攀砀琀 䜀攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 䰀愀甀渀挀栀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀ऀ㘀㔀 A4.01 Space Transportation Architecture Definition 65਀䄀㐀⸀　㈀ 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䄀椀爀昀爀愀洀攀 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䴀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最ऀ㘀㜀 A4.03 Lightweight Propulsion Components 67਀䄀㐀⸀　㐀 䰀愀甀渀挀栀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 䄀椀爀昀爀愀洀攀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀ऀ㘀㠀 A4.05 Propulsion Test Technologies 69਀䄀㐀⸀　㘀 䰀愀甀渀挀栀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 匀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀ऀ㜀　 TOPIC A5 Computing, Information and Communications Technology 71਀䄀㔀⸀　㄀ 䠀甀洀愀渀ⴀ䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀漀渀 䤀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 䄀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀ऀ㜀㈀ A5.02 Nanotechnology 72਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䄀㘀 䔀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 昀漀爀 䌀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀ऀ㜀㌀ A6.01 Modeling and Simulation of Aerospace Vehicles in a Flight Test Environment 73਀䄀㘀⸀　㈀ 䘀氀椀最栀琀 匀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 匀攀渀猀漀爀 䄀爀爀愀礀猀 愀渀搀 䄀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀ऀ㜀㐀 A6.03 Knowledge Engineering for Safe Systems in Lifecycle Engineering 75਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䄀㜀 䔀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀渀搀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀ऀ㜀㔀 A7.01 Smart, Adaptive Aerospace Vehicles With Intelligence 75਀䄀㜀⸀　㈀ 刀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀ऀ㜀㜀 A7.03 Advanced Flight Platforms for Planetary Sciences 77਀  TOPIC A1 Aviation Safety and Security ਀ The worldwide commercial aviation accident rate has been nearly constant over the past two decades. Although the rate is very low, increasing traffic over the years has resulted in the absolute number of accidents also increasing. Without improvements, doubling or tripling of air traffic by 2017 could lead to 50 or more major accidents a year. This number of accidents would have an unacceptable impact on the aviation system. The goal of NASA’s Aviation Safety and Security Program (AvSSP) is to develop and demonstrate technologies that contribute to a reduction in the fatal aviation accident rate by a factor of 5 by 2007. Research and technology will address accidents involving hazardous weather, controlled flight into terrain, human-error-caused accidents and incidents, and mechanical or software malfunctions. The Program will also develop and integrate information technologies needed to build a safer aviation system and provide information for the assessment of situations and trends that indicate unsafe conditions before they lead to accidents. NASA researchers are also looking at ways to adapt aviation technologies already being developed to improve aviation security. The AvSSP is focusing on areas where NASA expertise could make a significant contribution to security: 1) the hardening of aircraft and their systems; 2) secure airspace operation technologies; 3) improved systems to screen passenger and cargo information; and 4) sensors designed to better detect threats. NASA seeks highly innovative proposals that will complement its work in Aviation Safety and Security in the following subtopic areas: ਀ A1.01 Crew Systems Technologies for Improved Airspace Safety and Security ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䰀愀刀䌀  ਀一䄀匀䄀 猀攀攀欀猀 栀椀最栀氀礀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀爀攀眀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 愀椀爀猀瀀愀挀攀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 愀渀搀 猀攀挀甀爀椀琀礀⸀ 匀甀挀栀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 洀愀礀 洀攀攀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 最漀愀氀猀 戀礀 攀渀猀甀爀椀渀最 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 猀椀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀 愀眀愀爀攀渀攀猀猀㬀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀愀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 攀砀琀攀渀搀椀渀最 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀攀爀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀㬀 挀漀甀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀渀最 栀甀洀愀渀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 氀椀洀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 戀椀愀猀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀爀爀漀爀ⴀ琀攀渀搀攀渀挀椀攀猀㬀 愀猀猀椀猀琀椀渀最 椀渀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 攀砀攀挀甀琀椀漀渀㬀 愀渀搀 攀渀猀甀爀椀渀最 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀猀 栀愀瘀攀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 甀猀攀 漀昀 渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀椀爀猀瀀愀挀攀 愀猀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 一䄀匀䄀 猀攀攀欀猀 琀漀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 洀攀愀猀甀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀猀猀攀猀猀椀渀最 挀爀攀眀 愀渀搀 最爀漀甀瀀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 椀渀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀Ⰰ 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 洀愀礀 琀愀欀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀 琀漀漀氀猀Ⰰ 洀漀搀攀氀猀Ⰰ 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀搀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀琀漀琀礀瀀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 搀攀挀欀Ⰰ 攀氀猀攀眀栀攀爀攀 戀礀 瀀椀氀漀琀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 戀礀 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 搀攀猀椀最渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 挀爀攀眀 甀猀攀⸀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 栀椀最栀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 攀洀攀爀最椀渀最 愀猀 洀愀爀欀攀琀愀戀氀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀⸀ 䔀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀氀攀爀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀 洀漀搀攀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀爀攀愀琀 洀椀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Innovative crew systems to improve situation awareness of airspace safety and security concerns. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀猀椀最渀猀 昀漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀ⴀ攀爀爀漀爀 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀椀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Decision-support tools and methods to improve communication, collaborative and distributive decision-making. ਀뜀ऀ䐀愀琀愀 昀甀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀 搀椀猀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 漀昀 昀氀椀最栀琀ⴀ爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Computational approaches to support response planning and selection by crew and/or automation. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀漀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 挀爀攀眀 栀攀愀氀琀栀Ⰰ 猀琀爀攀猀猀 氀攀瘀攀氀Ⰰ 猀琀愀琀攀 漀昀 搀甀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀ⴀ愀渀挀攀⸀  · Computational approaches to modulate appropriate crew engagement, work load, and situation awareness. ਀뜀ऀ䠀甀洀愀渀ⴀ挀攀渀琀攀爀攀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 氀攀猀猀ⴀ攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀搀 一䄀匀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀漀爀猀⸀  · Technologies to ensure access to airspace systems and infrastructure only by appropriate persons. ਀뜀ऀ䄀瘀椀漀渀椀挀猀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀爀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀椀猀琀 琀漀漀氀猀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀ⴀ挀攀渀琀攀爀攀搀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀氀攀猀⸀  · Human-error reliability approaches to analyzing flight deck displays, decision aids, and proce-dures. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀渀搀 琀攀愀洀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 洀攀琀爀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀漀氀猀 琀漀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 挀攀爀ⴀ琀椀昀礀 栀甀洀愀渀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀椀爀猀瀀愀挀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀漀搀攀氀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀攀猀⸀  ਀䄀㄀⸀　㈀ 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䄀椀爀昀爀愀洀攀 䘀愀椀氀甀爀攀 䐀愀琀愀 愀渀搀 䄀挀挀椀搀攀渀琀 䴀椀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀  Lead Center: GRC ਀ NASA is concerned with the prevention of hazardous conditions and the mitigation of their effects when they do occur. One particular emphasis is on the prevention and suppression of fire and explosions. Aircraft fires represent a small number of actual accident causes, but the number of fatalities due to in-flight, post-crash and on-ground fires is large.਀ A second emphasis is on mitigating the safety risk and collateral damage due to unexpected failures of rotating components. Although the FAA mandates a blade containment and rotor unbalance requirement (FAR Part 33, section 33.94) as part of the airworthiness standards for turbine aircraft engines, there are substantial potential (aircraft-engine) system benefits to be gained by enabling safety assured, lighter weight, lower cost, and more damage-tolerant designs for engine case/containment systems and associated (primary load path) structures. ਀ A third emphasis for this subtopic is on propulsion system health management in order to prevent or accommodate safety-significant malfunctions and damage. Past advances in this area have helped improve the reliability and safety of aircraft propulsion systems. However, propulsion system component failures are still a contributing factor in numerous aircraft accidents and incidents. Advances in technology are sought which help to further reduce the occurrence of and/or mitigate the effects of safety-significant propulsion system malfunctions and damage. ਀ A fourth emphasis is to increase the level of safety for all aircraft flying in the atmospheric icing environ-ment. To maximize the level of safety, aircraft must be capable of handling all possible icing conditions by either avoiding or tolerating the conditions. Proposals are invited that lead to innovative new approaches or significant improvements in existing technologies for in-flight icing conditions avoidance (icing weather information systems) or tolerance (aircraft icing protection systems and design tools). ਀ A final emphasis for this subtopic is protection of the aircraft through communication, navigation and surveillance (CNS) systems which are themselves secure, as well as applications that support other aircraft failure or sabotage mitigation systems. Technology is needed to harden the CNS systems, both onboard and air-to-ground, and to provide next-generation airborne, ground- and space-based surveillance systems. ਀ With these emphases in mind, products and technologies are sought which can be made affordable and retrofitable within the current aviation system, as well as for use in the future. These include the following areas: ਀ · Technology for prevention and suppression of potential in-flight fires in fuel tanks, cargo bays, insulation, and other inaccessible locations due to accidents or deliberate acts. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 昀甀攀氀 琀愀渀欀 瘀愀瀀漀爀 昀氀愀洀洀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 漀渀戀漀愀爀搀 漀砀礀最攀渀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Technology to minimize fire hazards in crashes and to prevent or delay fires. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀⼀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 琀漀 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀 挀愀琀愀猀琀爀漀瀀栀椀挀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 攀渀最椀渀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 琀漀 攀渀猀甀爀攀 昀爀愀最洀攀渀琀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀洀攀渀琀⸀  · Computational tools for analyzing blade-loss events and designing structural components/systems accordingly. ਀뜀ऀ䠀攀愀氀琀栀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 最爀漀甀渀搀⼀漀渀ⴀ眀椀渀最 渀漀渀搀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀瘀攀 椀渀猀瀀攀挀ⴀ琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀愀甀氀琀 愀挀挀漀洀洀漀搀愀琀椀渀最 氀漀最椀挀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀Ⰰ 搀椀愀最渀漀猀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀猀猀攀猀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀氀氀漀眀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 昀爀漀洀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 洀愀氀昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀爀 搀愀洀愀最攀⸀  · Ground and airborne radome technologies for microwave wavelength radar and radiometers that remain clear of liquid water and ice in all weather situations. ਀뜀ऀ䄀氀氀ⴀ眀攀愀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀昀椀氀椀渀最 挀氀漀甀搀 爀愀搀愀爀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 愀挀挀甀爀愀琀攀 琀漀 ⴀ㐀　搀䈀娀 愀琀 ㄀ 欀洀 愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 氀愀琀攀猀琀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀猀甀爀攀 愀 昀椀渀愀氀 挀甀猀琀漀洀攀爀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 ␀㄀　　Ⰰ　　　Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 搀愀琀愀 愀挀ⴀ焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀⸀  · Technology capable of real-time assessment of aero performance for clean and ice-contaminated wing surfaces. Concept must be capable of operating in the normal passenger-carrying flight do-main and be unaffected by typical flight turbulence. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀 猀椀琀甀 椀挀椀渀最 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 瘀攀爀礀 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 搀愀琀愀 昀漀爀 攀洀攀爀最椀渀最 椀挀椀渀最 眀攀愀琀栀攀爀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最⸀ 䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 洀甀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀氀琀椀琀甀搀攀Ⰰ 挀氀漀甀搀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 眀愀琀攀爀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀Ⰰ 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀搀攀愀氀氀礀 挀氀漀甀搀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 猀椀稀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀栀愀猀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 匀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 攀渀瘀椀猀椀漀渀攀搀 眀漀甀氀搀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀 爀愀搀椀漀猀漀渀搀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Next generation capabilities for remote monitoring of onboard systems and the aircraft environ-ment ਀뜀ऀ匀攀挀甀爀攀 漀渀戀漀愀爀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀椀爀⼀最爀漀甀渀搀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀椀渀最  · Technologies to harden aircraft communication, navigation, and surveillance systems against ab-normality and deliberate attack. ਀ A1.03 Automated On-Line Health Management and Data Analysis ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䐀䘀刀䌀  ਀伀渀氀椀渀攀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 椀猀 愀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀椀渀最 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㈀㄀猀琀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀  Safe, affordable, and more efficient operation of aerospace vehicles requires advances in online health ਀洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 漀昀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 洀愀渀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 漀瘀攀爀 氀漀挀愀氀⼀眀椀搀攀 愀爀攀愀  networks. On-line health monitoring is a general concept involving signal-processing algorithms designed ਀琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀猀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 猀愀昀攀琀礀Ⰰ 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 漀爀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 瀀爀漀挀攀搀甀爀攀猀⸀ 伀渀ⴀ氀椀渀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 攀洀瀀栀愀ⴀ  sizes algorithms that minimize the time between data acquisition and decision-making. ਀ This subtopic seeks solutions for on-line aircraft subsystem health monitoring. Solutions should exploit ਀洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀猀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀渀最 漀瘀攀爀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀 眀栀攀爀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀⸀ 匀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 琀漀  monitor a specific subsystem or a number of systems simultaneously. Resulting commercial products might ਀戀攀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀ⴀ洀愀欀椀渀最 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 愀 瘀椀爀琀甀愀氀 昀氀椀最栀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 挀攀渀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀  disciplinary-specific collaborative laboratory, an onboard diagnostics system, or a maintenance and inspec- ਀琀椀漀渀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀 漀昀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 最氀漀戀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀伀昀昀攀爀漀爀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀 眀栀漀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀爀猀 漀昀 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀Ⰰ 攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀⼀琀攀猀琀⼀搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀㬀  manufacturing; maintenance depots; flight crew; airports; flight operations or mission control; air traffic ਀洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀㬀 漀爀 愀椀爀氀椀渀攀猀⸀ 伀昀昀攀爀漀爀猀 愀爀攀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀搀 琀漀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀 搀愀琀愀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀  components in their proposal. Examples of desired solutions targeted by this subtopic include: ਀ · Real-time autonomous sensor validity monitors. ਀뜀ऀ䘀氀椀最栀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 漀爀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瀀愀琀栀 搀椀愀最渀漀猀琀椀挀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀渀最 氀漀猀猀 漀昀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀⸀  · Automated testing and diagnostics of mission-critical avionics. ਀뜀ऀ匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 昀愀琀椀最甀攀Ⰰ 氀椀昀攀 挀礀挀氀攀Ⰰ 猀琀愀琀椀挀Ⰰ 漀爀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 氀漀愀搀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀猀⸀  · Automated nondestructive evaluation for faulty structural components. ਀뜀ऀ䔀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 昀椀爀攀 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Applications that exploit wireless communication technology to reduce costs. ਀뜀ऀ䴀漀搀攀氀ⴀ爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 漀爀 洀漀搀攀氀ⴀ甀瀀搀愀琀椀渀最 猀挀栀攀洀攀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀搀 搀愀琀愀 琀栀愀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀氀礀⸀  · Proactive maintenance schedules for rocket or turbine engines, including engine life-cycle moni- ਀琀漀爀猀⸀  · Predicting or detecting any equipment malfunction. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀搀搀氀攀眀愀爀攀 漀爀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀漀漀氀欀椀琀猀 琀漀 氀漀眀攀爀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 漀渀氀椀渀攀 栀攀愀氀琀栀ⴀ洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀ⴀ  tions. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 洀愀渀愀最椀渀最Ⰰ 愀爀挀栀椀瘀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀琀爀椀攀瘀愀氀 漀昀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 栀攀愀氀琀栀  data. ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䄀㈀ 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀  ਀吀栀攀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 椀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 伀甀琀挀漀洀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 倀甀戀氀椀挀 䜀漀漀搀㨀 䔀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀氀礀 䘀爀椀攀渀搀氀礀 䄀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ 䄀椀爀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 昀漀爀 倀甀戀氀椀挀 䴀漀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 匀甀瀀攀爀椀漀爀 䄀椀爀 倀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 一攀眀 䄀攀爀漀渀愀甀琀椀挀愀氀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 搀漀攀猀 琀栀椀猀 戀礀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 愀琀 琀栀爀攀攀 伀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀㨀 吀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀Ⰰ 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 䌀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 䔀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 椀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 漀爀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀 氀攀瘀攀氀⸀ 吀栀攀 洀愀樀漀爀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 戀爀攀愀欀琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀爀攀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀猀㨀 吀愀椀氀漀爀攀搀 䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 刀漀戀甀猀琀 刀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䔀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 䠀礀戀爀椀搀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 琀栀攀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 挀栀愀渀最攀 猀琀愀琀攀 椀渀 愀攀爀漀渀愀甀琀椀挀猀⸀ 䔀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 渀攀眀昀漀甀渀搀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 椀猀 爀攀昀椀渀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 昀椀攀氀搀 琀攀猀琀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀爀攀攀 洀漀爀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀猀㨀 䔀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 䄀攀爀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 䌀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 唀氀琀爀愀ⴀ䔀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 䔀渀最椀渀攀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 儀甀椀攀琀 䄀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀猀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀琀漀 猀甀戀猀礀猀ⴀ琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀 瀀愀爀琀渀攀爀猀 椀渀琀漀 栀椀最栀氀礀 氀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀搀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀⸀ 吀漀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀 琀栀攀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 瀀爀漀最爀攀猀猀Ⰰ 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀挀挀攀氀攀爀愀琀攀猀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 洀愀琀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀眀漀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 匀攀挀琀漀爀 䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀猀㨀 匀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 䄀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 愀渀搀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 䐀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 䄀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 氀攀瘀攀氀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 愀渀搀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 䐀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀猀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀氀椀最栀琀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最⸀  ਀䄀㈀⸀　㄀ 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 䔀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 一漀椀猀攀 倀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 刀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀  Lead Center: GRC ਀ Emissions: Current environmental concerns with subsonic and supersonic aircraft center around the impact of emissions on the Earth's climate. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are the major emittants of concern coming from commercial aircraft engines. Current state-of-the-art engines and com- bustors in most subsonic aircraft are fuel efficient and meet the 1996 ICAO nitrogen oxide (NOx) limits. Recent observations of aircraft exhaust contrails (from both subsonic and supersonic flights) have resulted in growing concern over aerosol, particulate, and sulfur levels in the fuel. In particular, aerosols and par- ticulates from aircraft are suspected of producing high altitude clouds which could adversely affect the Earth's climatology. Advanced concepts research for reducing CO2 and NOx, and analytical and experimental research in characterization (intrusive and non-intrusive) and control (through component design, controls, and/or fuel additives) of gaseous, liquid and particulates of aircraft exhaust emissions is sought. Specific aircraft operating conditions of interest include the landing-takeoff cycle as well as the in-flight portion of the mission. Areas of particular interest include: ਀ · New concepts for reducing CO2, oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2, NOx), unburned hydrocarbons; carbon monoxide, particulate, and aerosols emittants (novel propulsion concepts, injector designs to improve fuel mixing, catalysts, additives, etc.) ਀뜀ऀ一攀眀 昀甀攀氀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 䌀伀㈀ 愀渀搀 一伀砀 攀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀  · Innovative active control concepts for emission minimization with an integrated systems focus in- cluding emission modeling for control, sensing and actuation requirements, control logic devel-opment, and experimental validation are of interest ਀뜀ऀ一攀眀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 攀渀最椀渀攀 攀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 一伀砀Ⰰ 匀伀砀Ⰰ 䠀伀砀Ⰰ 愀琀漀洀椀挀 漀砀礀最攀渀 愀渀搀 栀礀搀爀漀挀愀爀戀漀渀猀 椀渀 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 攀渀最椀渀攀猀⸀ 匀椀稀攀Ⰰ 猀椀稀攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 爀攀愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀渀猀琀椀琀甀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 愀攀爀漀猀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀琀攀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀Ⰰ 愀猀 愀爀攀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀ⴀ 琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀Ⰰ 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀礀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 伀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 ㈀ⴀ䐀 愀渀搀 ㌀ⴀ䐀 搀愀琀愀㬀 琀椀洀攀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀㬀 愀渀搀 琀栀椀渀 昀椀氀洀Ⰰ 昀椀戀攀爀 漀瀀琀椀挀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䴀䔀䴀匀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀ⴀ 攀猀琀 ਀一漀椀猀攀㨀 䔀渀最椀渀攀 渀漀椀猀攀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 渀漀椀猀攀Ⰰ 渀愀挀攀氀氀攀 愀攀爀漀愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀渀最椀渀攀⼀愀椀爀昀爀愀洀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 欀攀礀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 最漀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 渀漀椀猀攀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀猀 椀渀 挀漀猀琀 愀渀搀 攀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 一漀椀猀攀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀猀 琀漀 挀漀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀ⴀ 猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 椀猀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀椀渀最 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 椀渀 漀渀攀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 渀漀椀猀攀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀甀爀戀漀洀愀挀栀椀渀攀爀礀 渀漀椀猀攀㨀 吀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀 爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀琀 猀漀甀爀挀攀⸀ 倀氀愀渀猀 昀漀爀 愀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀䤀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 倀栀愀猀攀 䤀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀ 䄀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 欀渀漀眀渀 琀漀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀⸀ 䄀 挀氀攀愀爀 攀砀瀀氀愀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 挀愀渀 戀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 琀漀 琀甀爀戀漀昀愀渀 攀渀最椀渀攀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀椀渀最 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 挀漀渀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀洀椀渀愀渀琀 攀渀最椀渀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 昀愀渀 愀渀搀 樀攀琀 渀漀椀猀攀⸀  · Fan Noise: The technique shall be capable of separating fan sources such as fan-alone versus fan/stator interaction for both tones and broadband noise. Sufficient resolution is needed to deter- mine the location of the dominant sources on the aerodynamic surfaces. Jet Noise: The technique shall be capable of locating both internal and external mixing noise for dual-flow nozzles found in modern turbofans. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀甀爀戀漀昀愀渀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀ 䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 猀栀愀氀氀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀稀攀 渀漀椀猀攀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 洀攀琀栀ⴀ 漀搀猀 昀漀爀 昀愀渀Ⰰ 樀攀琀 愀渀搀 挀漀爀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 挀漀洀瀀爀漀洀椀猀椀渀最 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 昀漀爀 琀甀爀戀漀昀愀渀 攀渀最椀渀攀猀⸀ 䄀 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 攀渀最椀渀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀挀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀攀猀 漀渀攀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 爀攀搀甀挀椀渀最 瀀攀爀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 渀漀椀猀攀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 愀渀礀眀栀攀爀攀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀　 琀漀 ㈀　 䔀倀一搀䈀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀漀 䘀䄀刀 ㌀㘀Ⰰ 匀琀愀最攀 ㌀ 挀攀爀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀⸀  · Revolutionary propulsion concepts for lower emissions and noise (proposed as alternatives to tur- bofan engines). Feasibility studies shall be done that demonstrate the potential for 20 EPNdB en-gine noise reduction relative to FAR 36, Stage 3 certification levels and 90% reduction in NOx emissions standards relative to current ICAO regulations for commercial aircraft concepts. Ena- bling technologies shall be identified for future research. ਀ A2.02 Electric and Intelligent Propulsion Technologies for Environmentally Harmonious Aircraft ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀刀䌀  ਀圀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 漀渀 猀愀昀攀琀礀Ⰰ 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 愀昀昀漀爀搀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀 漀昀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 洀愀渀礀 渀攀眀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀猀 戀攀椀渀最 昀愀挀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀爀猀 漀昀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ ਀䔀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 ☀ 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 琀漀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀氀礀 攀氀椀洀椀渀愀琀攀 栀愀爀洀昀甀氀 攀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 眀栀椀氀攀 愀琀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀椀洀攀 搀漀甀戀氀椀渀最 昀甀攀氀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀⸀ 䴀愀樀漀爀 猀琀爀椀搀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀漀洀漀琀椀瘀攀 昀椀攀氀搀⸀ 圀攀 渀漀眀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 戀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 琀栀爀攀猀栀漀氀搀 漀昀 瘀椀愀戀氀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 昀氀椀最栀琀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 猀琀椀氀氀 洀愀樀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 挀漀洀ⴀ洀攀爀挀椀愀氀氀礀 瘀椀愀戀氀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 愀 爀攀愀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 最漀愀氀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀眀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 琀漀 戀攀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀礀 攀瘀攀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 渀攀愀爀攀爀 琀攀爀洀 昀漀爀 猀洀愀氀氀攀爀 昀愀洀椀氀礀ⴀ猀椀稀攀搀 愀椀爀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀⸀ 吀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀氀礀 栀愀爀洀漀渀椀漀甀猀 琀眀攀渀琀礀ⴀ昀椀爀猀琀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 愀椀爀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 栀椀最栀氀礀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀ⴀ搀攀渀猀攀 ⠀眀攀椀最栀琀 愀渀搀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀⤀ 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀猀 ☀ 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  ਀䤀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀 漀昀 攀砀琀爀攀洀攀氀礀 猀愀昀攀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀ⴀ愀渀挀攀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 愀氀猀漀 洀攀攀琀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀椀渀最攀渀琀 愀昀昀漀爀搀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀⸀ 䘀漀爀 琀甀爀戀漀洀愀挀栀椀渀攀爀礀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 琀漀 搀攀猀椀最渀 攀渀最椀渀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀ⴀ渀攀渀琀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 昀愀渀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀爀攀猀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 椀渀氀攀琀猀Ⰰ 渀漀稀稀氀攀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 漀瀀琀椀洀甀洀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 猀漀洀攀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 挀漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 眀愀猀 琀漀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀 琀栀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 瀀漀椀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀渀最椀渀攀 昀爀漀洀 漀渀攀 猀攀琀 瀀漀椀渀琀 琀漀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 攀砀瀀攀搀椀攀渀琀 洀愀渀渀攀爀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 挀漀洀瀀爀漀洀椀猀椀渀最 猀愀昀攀琀礀⸀ 圀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀猀 爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀琀 琀漀 愀攀爀漀瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀ⴀ渀攀渀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀爀猀 愀爀攀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最 琀漀 爀攀愀氀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 漀昀 ∀䤀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 䔀渀最椀渀攀猀∀ 椀渀 栀攀氀瀀椀渀最 琀栀攀洀 洀攀攀琀 洀漀爀攀 猀琀爀椀渀最攀渀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  ਀䤀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀 漀昀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 搀椀愀最渀漀猀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 猀洀愀爀琀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀⸀ 䄀琀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀 眀椀氀氀 愀氀猀漀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 瀀愀椀搀 琀漀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 搀椀愀最渀漀猀琀椀挀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 洀漀瘀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 愀渀愀氀漀最 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀⸀  ਀吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀Ⰰ 昀甀攀氀 挀攀氀氀猀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 洀漀琀漀爀 搀爀椀瘀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 昀甀攀氀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 ⠀攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀⤀⸀ 䠀椀最栀氀礀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 搀甀愀氀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 琀漀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 眀攀椀最栀琀 愀爀攀 漀昀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀漀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 愀椀爀昀爀愀洀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 洀漀琀漀爀猀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 昀愀渀⼀瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀攀爀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀⸀ 䈀漀琀栀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 氀攀瘀攀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 愀瘀椀愀琀椀漀渀 䨀攀琀ⴀ䄀 昀甀攀氀 爀攀昀漀爀洀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀猀甀氀昀甀爀椀稀攀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀 眀椀琀栀 昀甀攀氀 挀攀氀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 洀甀猀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 攀昀昀氀甀攀渀琀 栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀 眀椀琀栀 琀愀爀最攀琀 猀甀氀昀甀爀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 ㄀　 瀀瀀洀 漀爀 氀攀猀猀Ⰰ 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀 昀漀爀 眀愀琀攀爀 漀爀 猀琀攀愀洀Ⰰ 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 搀愀洀愀最椀渀最 挀漀欀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 戀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀挀琀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 搀甀爀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 氀漀渀最 氀椀昀攀⸀  ਀䤀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀Ⰰ 琀甀爀戀椀渀攀Ⰰ 樀攀琀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 栀礀戀爀椀搀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 昀漀挀甀猀椀渀最 漀渀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 搀椀愀最渀漀猀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀洀愀爀琀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 猀攀氀昀ⴀ搀椀愀最渀漀猀琀椀挀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀最渀漀猀琀椀挀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 戀攀椀渀最 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀ 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀渀最 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀Ⰰ 愀挀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 氀漀最椀挀 昀漀爀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ氀攀瘀攀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 昀氀漀眀猀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 漀昀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 一漀瘀攀氀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 瘀愀氀甀愀戀氀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ搀椀愀最渀漀猀椀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀最渀漀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀  ਀䄀㈀⸀　㌀ 刀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀  Lead Center: GRC ਀ NASA seeks highly innovative concepts for propulsion systems and components for advanced high-speed aerospace vehicles to support missions, such as access to space, global cruise, and high-speed transports. The main emphasis in this subtopic is on high-risk, breakthrough technologies in order to revolutionize aerospace propulsion over a broad flight spectrum, up to Mach 8. Proposals offering significant advance-ments in critical components and designs for propulsion systems and subsystems are sought. Specific technical areas include the following: ਀ · Advanced cooling concepts that minimize coolant penalties. This can include innovative cooling systems, fuel cooling of combustor, and endothermic fuels and/or fuel additives to increase the heat-sink capacity or cooling capacity of fuels. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀渀最 琀漀 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 昀甀攀氀 椀渀樀攀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 瀀椀氀漀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 昀氀愀洀攀 栀漀氀搀ⴀ椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 搀攀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 攀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 琀栀攀 漀渀猀攀琀 漀昀 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀 椀渀猀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀渀 氀攀愀渀ⴀ戀甀爀渀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 爀椀挀栀ⴀ戀甀爀渀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 一伀砀 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀漀爀Ⰰ 爀愀洀樀攀琀 挀漀洀ⴀ戀甀猀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀猀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 攀砀琀攀渀搀 琀栀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 愀 眀椀搀攀爀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · New inlet concepts to meet functional airflow needs of high Mach number propulsion. For in-stance, a variable geometry, supersonic, mixed compression inlet. Compatibility with turbomachinery and mode transition across the speed range should be addressed. Special attention should be given to combustor demands along a realistic flight corridor. This flight corridor must be compatible with turbine engine thermal-structure limits. ਀뜀ऀ一攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 愀攀爀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀氀攀琀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 栀椀最栀氀礀 漀昀昀猀攀琀 猀甀戀猀漀渀椀挀 搀椀昀昀甀猀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 昀漀爀 戀漀甀渀搀愀爀礀 氀愀礀攀爀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀Ⰰ 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀椀渀最 攀渀最椀渀攀 甀渀猀琀愀爀琀 猀甀猀挀攀瀀琀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀栀攀 漀渀猀攀琀 漀昀 洀漀搀攀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 搀椀昀昀攀爀ⴀ攀渀琀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 昀氀漀眀瀀愀琀栀 漀爀 搀甀愀氀 昀氀漀眀瀀愀琀栀猀⸀  · New controllable and reliable nozzle concepts with optimum expansion efficiency and thrust vec-toring capability, including a computational nozzle design methodology to study various geometries and chemistry effects. ਀뜀ऀ䔀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 漀昀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀氀氀漀眀 琀甀爀戀漀洀愀挀栀椀渀攀爀礀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 愀琀 栀椀最栀ⴀ猀瀀攀攀搀 昀氀椀最栀琀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 ㄀⤀ 愀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀ⴀ瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 爀愀琀椀漀 挀漀洀ⴀ瀀爀攀猀猀漀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀攀搀 漀爀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 攀砀琀爀攀洀攀氀礀 栀椀最栀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 愀椀爀 猀琀爀攀愀洀㬀 ㈀⤀ 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀ⴀ洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀䴀䔀䴀匀⤀ 琀栀愀琀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 瀀漀ⴀ琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 琀漀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀 愀渀搀 眀攀椀最栀琀㬀 愀渀搀 ㌀⤀ 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 椀渀氀攀琀 昀氀漀眀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀椀渀最⸀  · New concepts for combined/combination cycles, in particular those including turbine propulsion. Alternate engine cycles that meet a unique mission requirement (e.g., global reach, access to space, etc.), including pulse detonation, ramjets, scramjets, and rockets. Proposals can also include development of unique components required for the maturation of alternate propulsion cycles, such as inlets, diffusers, nozzles, air-valves, fuel injectors, combustors, etc. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀洀漀渀最 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 漀爀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀氀礀 椀洀ⴀ瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀爀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 渀攀眀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 琀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀猀椀最渀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 琀漀漀氀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀 昀漀爀 攀洀瀀椀爀椀挀椀猀洀Ⰰ 琀栀甀猀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀愀琀椀渀最 攀愀爀氀礀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀洀漀渀最 瀀爀漀ⴀ瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀⸀ ∀䤀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀∀ 搀攀猀椀最渀 琀漀漀氀猀Ⰰ 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 愀渀搀 渀攀甀爀愀氀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 䄀氀氀 搀攀猀椀最渀⼀愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 琀漀漀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 洀甀猀琀 椀渀ⴀ挀氀甀搀攀 愀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀䄀㈀⸀　㐀 䄀椀爀昀爀愀洀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 一漀椀猀攀 倀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 刀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀  Lead Center: LaRC ਀ Innovative technologies and methods are necessary for the design and development of efficient, environ-mentally acceptable airplanes, rotorcraft, and advanced aerospace vehicles. Improvements in noise prediction and control are needed for jet, propeller, rotor, fan, turbomachinery, and airframe noise sources to reduce the impact on community residents, aircraft passengers and crew, and launch vehicle payloads. Innovations in the following specific areas are solicited: ਀ · Fundamental and applied computational fluid-dynamics techniques for aeroacoustic analysis, par-ticularly for use early in the design process. ਀뜀ऀ匀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀攀爀漀愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 渀漀椀猀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 昀漀爀 愀椀爀昀爀愀洀攀 渀漀椀猀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀椀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 愀椀爀昀爀愀洀攀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Innovative active and passive acoustic treatment concepts for engine nacelle liners and concepts for high-intensity acoustic sources, which can be used to characterize engine nacelle liner materi-als. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 愀攀爀漀愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 渀漀椀猀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 挀漀渀ⴀ昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Reduction technologies and prediction methods for rotorcraft and advanced propeller aerodynamic noise. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀琀椀挀愀氀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀猀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 椀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 渀漀椀猀攀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 攀愀爀氀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀椀爀昀爀愀洀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀⸀  · Technologies and techniques for active and passive interior noise control for aircraft and advanced aerospace vehicle structures. ਀뜀ऀ倀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 栀椀最栀ⴀ愀洀瀀氀椀琀甀搀攀 愀攀爀漀愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 氀漀愀搀猀 漀渀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 愀渀搀 昀愀琀椀最甀攀⸀  · Development and application of flight procedures for reducing community noise impact of rotor-craft and future subsonic and supersonic commercial aircraft while maintaining safety, capacity and fuel efficiency. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 愀甀搀椀琀漀爀礀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 愀渀搀 攀砀琀攀爀椀漀爀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 渀漀椀猀攀⸀  ਀䄀㈀⸀　㔀 刀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 䌀漀爀攀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  Lead Center: GRC ਀ This subtopic addresses structural and mechanical components and subsystems, and advanced materials for Aerospace Propulsion and Power Systems. Proposals are sought for innovative and commercially viable concepts which address objectives, depending on application, such as enable lighter weight, reduced operational costs, noise or emissions, higher temperature capability, increased efficiency or operational margin, greater safety and reliability, and more time on station for aircraft, satellites, and inflatable platforms. ਀ One focus is on problems related to structural and mechanical components and subsystems that operate at high temperatures, in hostile aero-thermo-chemical environments or space environments, and at high stresses under cyclic loading conditions. Interests include tribological coatings, seals, bearings, gears and transmissions, and approaches to noise attenuation. ਀ A second focus addresses advanced materials, their development, and their application to primary propul-sion systems such as aircraft gas turbines, rocket and turbine-based combined cycle engines, and rocket engines as well as auxiliary power sources in aircraft and space vehicles. Materials of interest include any classes especially used in propulsion systems such as high-temperature polymers and composites, metals including titanium alloys and nickel-base superalloys, ceramics and ceramic matrix composites, and coatings for these, and processes for their economical and reliable preparation. ਀ A2.06 Modeling and Control of Complex Flows Over Aerospace Vehicles and Propulsion Systems ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䰀愀刀䌀 Participating Center(s): ARC ਀ This subtopic solicits innovative ideas, concepts, and methodologies for the measurement, prediction, modeling and control of unsteady aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic phenomena that may be encoun-tered by aerospace vehicles. Biologically inspired approaches and/or ideas for flow control are also solicited in this subtopic. Also of interest are advanced measurement systems and ground-testing tech-niques to provide dynamic and global measuring capabilities, higher bandwidth, and improved resolution. Additionally, the subtopic is interested in innovative computational and experimental techniques that account for the complex aerothermodynamic, mixing, and combustion phenomena impacting the design and development of future space transportation vehicles, aero-assist orbital transfer vehicles, planetary entry probes, and hypersonic airbreathing propulsion systems. Unsteady phenomena of interest include, but are not limited to, active and passive flow-control mechanisms; vortical and separated flows; equilibrium and finiterate chemistry; thermodynamic and transport properties of multicomponent mixtures, gaseous radiation, gas-surface interactions, mixing and combustion, shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions; and laminar, transitional, and turbulent reacting and nonreacting flows. Specific areas of interest include: ਀ · Flow-physics modeling and control of transition and/or transitional flows, turbulence, and turbu-lence-related phenomena such as heat transfer, skin-friction, acoustics, mixing and combustion, with an emphasis on separated flow and the scaling of ground-based experiments to flight Rey-nolds numbers. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀猀椀最渀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 氀愀洀椀渀愀爀 昀氀漀眀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 栀礀戀爀椀搀 ⠀挀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 愀渀搀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀⤀ 氀愀洀椀渀愀爀 昀氀漀眀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 漀爀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Control and/or mitigation of separation, vortical flows, and shock wave phenomenon, including their impact on vehicle drag (tubulent skin friction drag, profile drag, drag-due-to-lift, and wave drag). ਀뜀ऀ一漀渀 挀漀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀愀氀 渀甀洀攀爀椀挀愀氀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 猀漀氀瘀椀渀最 昀氀甀椀搀ⴀ昀氀漀眀 攀焀甀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 甀琀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 渀攀眀 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀Ⰰ 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 挀漀洀ⴀ瀀甀琀攀爀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 最爀椀搀ⴀ愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 搀椀猀挀爀攀琀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 攀爀爀漀爀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Innovative techniques for robust and reliable handling and sharing of large CFD and experimental data sets. ਀뜀ऀ䄀渀愀氀礀琀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀漀搀攀氀猀⼀愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 栀礀瀀攀爀猀漀渀椀挀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀⼀瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Innovative mixing techniques applicable to hypersonic propulsion, with special consideration placed on the stoichiometric fuel regimes. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 猀洀愀氀氀ⴀ猀挀愀氀攀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀椀琀椀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 猀甀猀琀愀椀渀 昀甀攀氀 ⠀栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 栀礀搀爀漀挀愀爀戀漀渀⤀ 椀最渀椀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 昀氀愀洀攀 栀漀氀搀椀渀最 椀渀 猀甀瀀攀爀猀漀渀椀挀 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀漀爀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀琀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀琀 琀漀 栀礀瀀攀爀猀漀渀椀挀 愀椀爀戀爀攀愀琀栀椀渀最 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 昀氀椀最栀琀 琀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀椀攀猀⸀  · Advanced test techniques and flow diagnostics (including non intrusive flow diagnostics and sur-face diagnostics) for developing definitive databases across speed range from subsonic to hypersonic facilities including shock-expansion pulse facilities. ਀뜀ऀ䴀䔀䴀匀 愀渀搀 渀愀渀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 昀漀爀 昀氀漀眀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 昀氀漀眀 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀礀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀Ⰰ 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 猀栀攀愀爀 猀琀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ 瘀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 昀漀爀挀攀Ⰰ 愀琀琀椀琀甀搀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 愀挀挀攀氀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · A small onboard multichannel intelligent data system and/or a high-speed wireless (optical or ra-dio frequency) data transfer system with 50 mega-bits-per-second or higher data rate for wind tunnel model applications. ਀뜀ऀ伀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 昀氀漀眀 搀椀愀最渀漀猀琀椀挀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 爀攀猀漀氀瘀椀渀最 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀礀Ⰰ 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀Ⰰ 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀Ⰰ 椀渀 愀 最氀漀戀愀氀 猀攀渀猀攀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 瀀氀愀渀愀爀 漀爀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀琀爀椀挀 搀愀琀愀Ⰰ 漀爀 愀琀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 瀀漀椀渀琀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 昀氀漀眀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀氀氀礀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 挀爀漀猀猀 挀漀爀爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀琀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 爀愀琀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 漀爀搀攀爀 漀昀 ㄀　　 欀䠀稀⸀  ਀ TOPIC A3 Airspace Systems ਀ NASA's Airspace Systems (AS) program is investing in development of revolutionary improvements and modernization for the air traffic management (ATM) system. The AS Program will enable new aircraft, new aircraft technologies and air traffic technology to safely maximize operational efficiency, flexibility, predictability and access into airspace systems. The major challenges are to accommodate projected growth in air traffic while preserving and enhancing safety; provide all airspace system users more flexibility and efficiency in the use of airports, airspace and aircraft; reduce system delays; enable new modes of operation that support the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) commitment to "Free Flight" and maintain pace with a continually evolving technical environment, and provides for doorstep-to-destination transportation developments. AS Program objectives are: Improve mobility, capacity, efficiency and access of the airspace system; Improve collaboration, predictability and flexibility for the airspace users; Enable modeling and simulation of air transportation systems; Enable runway-independent aircraft and general aviation operations; and Maintain system safety and environmental protection. NASA is working to develop, validate and transfer advanced concepts, technologies and procedures through partnership with the FAA, other Government agencies and in cooperation with the U.S. aeronautics industry. ਀ A3.01 21st Century Air-Traffic Management ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䄀刀䌀 Participating Center(s): DFRC ਀ The challenges in Air Traffic Management (ATM) are to create the next generation system and to develop the optimal plan for transitioning to the future system. This system should be one that (1) economically moves people and goods from origin to destination on schedule; (2) operates without fatalities or injuries resulting from system or human errors or terrorist intervention; (3) seamlessly supports the operation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); (4) is environmentally compatible; (5) supports an integrated national transportation system and is harmonized with global transportation. This can only be achieved by develop-ing ATM concepts characterized by increased automation and distributed responsibilities. It requires a new look at the way airspace is managed and the automation of some controller functions, thereby intensifying the need for a careful integration of machine and human performance. As these new automated and distributed systems are developed, security issues need to be addressed as early in the design phase as possible. ਀ To meet these challenges, innovative and economically attractive approaches are sought to advance technologies in the following areas: ਀ · Decision support tools (DST) to assist pilots, controllers and dispatchers in all parts of the air-space(surface, terminal, enroute, command center) ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䐀匀吀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 愀椀爀猀瀀愀挀攀 搀漀洀愀椀渀猀  · Next generation simulation and modeling capability: models of uncertainty and complexity, Na-tional Airspace System (NAS) operational performance, economic impact ਀뜀ऀ䐀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 洀愀欀椀渀最  · Security of advanced ATM systems ਀뜀ऀ匀礀猀琀攀洀 爀漀戀甀猀琀渀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 猀愀昀攀琀礀㨀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀Ⰰ 琀栀爀攀愀琀 洀椀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最  · Weather modeling and improved trajectory estimation for traffic management applications ਀뜀ऀ刀漀氀攀 漀昀 搀愀琀愀 攀砀挀栀愀渀最攀 愀渀搀 搀愀琀愀 氀椀渀欀 椀渀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀ⴀ洀愀欀椀渀最  · Modeling of the NAS ਀뜀ऀ䐀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀Ⰰ 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀㨀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 漀昀 昀椀搀攀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 栀甀洀愀渀ⴀ椀渀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ氀漀漀瀀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 愀最攀渀琀猀  · Environmentally friendly ATM and aircraft operations ਀뜀ऀ䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䄀吀䴀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀  · Application of methodologies from other domains to address ATM research issues ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀  · Runway-independent (e.g., VTOL, STOL, and V/STOL) aircraft technologies required to meet national air transportation needs and to satisfy requirements for airline productivity, passenger ac-ceptance, and community friendliness ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀爀洀漀搀愀氀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  · Technologies fostering the operation of unpiloted aircraft within NAS under control of the ATM system, including, but not limited to, innovative control, navigation, & surveillance (CNS) con-cepts ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䄀㐀 一攀砀琀 䜀攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 䰀愀甀渀挀栀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  ਀吀栀攀 䌀漀洀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䘀甀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 唀⸀匀⸀ 䄀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 䤀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀 猀琀愀琀攀猀 ⴀ ∀䄀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 椀猀 愀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀ⴀ搀爀椀瘀攀渀 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀⸀ 䰀漀渀最ⴀ琀攀爀洀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 昀甀攀氀 昀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 唀⸀匀⸀ 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 氀攀愀搀攀爀猀栀椀瀀 椀猀 愀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 漀昀 漀甀爀 瀀爀攀攀洀椀渀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀☀⸠ 爀攀搀甀挀椀渀最 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀 琀漀 漀爀戀椀琀 椀猀 愀渀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 椀渀最爀攀搀椀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀最爀攀猀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀攀 瀀攀爀 瀀漀甀渀搀 漀昀 氀椀昀琀椀渀最 栀甀洀愀渀猀Ⰰ 挀愀爀最漀 愀渀搀 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀猀 椀渀琀漀 漀爀戀椀琀 栀愀猀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 甀猀 琀漀 甀琀椀氀椀稀椀渀最 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀漀爀 漀渀氀礀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 愀 渀愀爀爀漀眀椀渀最Ⰰ 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 愀 戀爀漀愀搀攀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 漀昀 漀甀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀洀戀椀琀椀漀渀猀⸀∀ 一䄀匀䄀✀猀 一攀眀 䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 匀瀀愀挀攀 吀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 倀氀愀渀 ⠀䤀匀吀倀⤀ 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀 氀漀渀最ⴀ琀攀爀洀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀洀攀渀琀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最礀 琀漀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀挀挀攀猀猀⸀ 䄀猀 愀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䤀匀吀倀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 一攀砀琀 䜀攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 䰀愀甀渀挀栀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 ⠀一䜀䰀吀⤀ 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 眀椀氀氀 洀愀欀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 洀漀爀攀 猀愀昀攀Ⰰ 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 愀昀昀漀爀搀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀攀挀甀爀椀琀礀Ⰰ 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 一䄀匀䄀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 渀攀攀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀猀瀀椀爀攀 愀渀搀 洀漀琀椀瘀愀琀攀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 瀀甀爀猀甀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 洀愀琀栀 挀愀爀攀攀爀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 椀猀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䰀愀甀渀挀栀 䤀渀椀琀椀愀琀椀瘀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀ⴀ洀攀渀琀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 挀甀琀琀椀渀最ⴀ攀搀最攀Ⰰ 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀猀 琀漀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀昀攀琀礀Ⰰ 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 挀漀猀琀ⴀ攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 琀栀攀 一愀琀椀漀渀✀猀 渀攀砀琀ⴀ最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 猀琀攀瀀 椀渀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 挀爀攀愀琀攀 愀 渀攀眀Ⰰ 猀愀昀攀Ⰰ 挀漀猀琀ⴀ攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀猀 琀漀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 瀀氀愀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 猀琀攀瀀 椀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 愀渀搀 洀愀琀甀爀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀 欀攀礀 愀爀攀愀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 䔀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 漀渀 爀漀挀欀攀琀 攀渀最椀渀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 愀 氀愀爀最攀 爀攀甀猀愀戀氀攀 欀攀爀漀猀攀渀攀 攀渀最椀渀攀 ⠀椀渀 挀漀渀挀攀爀琀 眀椀琀栀 䐀攀瀀愀爀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 䐀攀昀攀渀猀攀 椀渀椀琀椀愀琀椀瘀攀猀⤀ 愀渀搀 漀渀 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀椀爀ⴀ戀爀攀愀琀栀椀渀最 栀礀瀀攀爀猀漀渀椀挀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀猀 漀昀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 一䜀䰀吀⸀  ਀䄀㐀⸀　㄀ 匀瀀愀挀攀 吀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 䄀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀 䐀攀昀椀渀椀琀椀漀渀  Lead Center: MSFC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䄀刀䌀  ਀一攀砀琀 䜀攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 䰀愀甀渀挀栀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 ⠀一䜀䰀吀⤀ 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀 搀攀昀椀渀椀琀椀漀渀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 琀漀漀氀猀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀 漀昀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀⸀ 一攀砀琀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 栀椀最栀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀 洀愀猀猀 琀漀 氀椀昀琀ⴀ漀昀昀 洀愀猀猀 爀愀琀椀漀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀 栀椀最栀攀爀 琀栀爀甀猀琀 琀漀 攀渀最椀渀攀 眀攀椀最栀琀 爀愀琀椀漀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 琀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀ⴀ愀瘀攀爀愀最攀搀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 椀洀瀀甀氀猀攀Ⰰ 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 爀攀甀猀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 挀漀猀琀 愀渀搀 挀爀攀眀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 最漀愀氀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀稀攀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀 搀攀昀椀渀椀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 氀攀瘀攀氀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 琀漀漀氀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀爀攀搀椀戀氀攀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 瘀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 渀攀砀琀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 䴀漀爀攀漀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 琀漀漀氀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 欀攀礀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 䐀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 琀漀漀氀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 愀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 琀愀渀欀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 最甀椀搀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 ⠀䜀一☀䌀⤀Ⰰ 氀漀愀搀猀 愀渀搀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀Ⰰ 昀氀甀椀搀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 琀甀爀戀漀洀愀挀栀椀渀攀爀礀Ⰰ 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 氀愀礀漀甀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 氀攀瘀攀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 昀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀攀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 琀漀漀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 挀爀攀搀椀戀氀攀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 愀猀猀漀ⴀ挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 一䜀䰀吀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀愀爀琀洀攀渀琀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 挀爀礀漀琀愀渀欀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 戀愀猀攀 栀攀愀琀 猀栀椀攀氀搀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Control and health management of vehicle structural systems by using sensors that have little in-fluence on the structural parameters with the exception of the structural damping parameters. Innovative vehicle preliminary design tools that support the design, analysis, and integration of vehicle systems and propulsions subsystems (such as the ability to assess operability of the overall launch vehicle concept and to model the impacts of design changes on vehicle cost, operations, crew safety, vehicle aerodynamics, and controllability). These tools would significantly enhance the overall systems engineering evaluation of potential reusable launch vehicle architectures. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 䌀䄀䐀Ⰰ 猀漀氀椀搀ⴀ洀漀搀攀氀Ⰰ 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀Ⰰ 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀氀甀椀搀ⴀ昀氀漀眀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 洀甀氀琀椀搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀愀爀礀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀㬀 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 琀漀漀氀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 猀琀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀Ⰰ 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 昀氀甀椀搀 搀礀ⴀ渀愀洀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀猀⸀  · Manufacturing and testing techniques that will allow for significant reduction in the cost and schedule required for wind tunnel aerodynamic testing of candidate NGLT configurations. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 愀猀猀攀猀猀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 昀攀攀搀 氀椀渀攀猀Ⰰ 琀愀渀欀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀椀ⴀ稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 昀椀氀氀Ⰰ 搀爀愀椀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瘀攀渀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Methodologies and analysis tools for investigation and assessment of optimal fault detection and redundancy management strategies; execution software and advanced navigation hard-ware/software architectures; adaptive GN&C utilizing data from sensors such as GPS; guidance concepts that will reduce operational costs and increase reliability by autonomously reshaping tra-jectories and retargeting landing sites in the presence of abort/failure situations to satisfy vehicle and control constraints to achieve a safe abort. ਀뜀ऀ䴀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 琀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 挀漀猀琀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 戀礀 愀搀愀瀀琀椀渀最 琀漀 挀栀愀渀最椀渀最 洀椀猀ⴀ猀椀漀渀猀⼀瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀⼀瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 洀漀搀攀氀猀⼀昀愀椀氀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀戀漀爀琀 猀挀攀渀愀爀椀漀猀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀椀渀最 最爀漀甀渀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀 琀漀 爀攀琀甀渀攀⸀  · Methodologies and analysis tools for investigation and assessment of automated mission planning techniques for planning flight operations of NGLT vehicles, including trajectory planning, launch window and timeline determination, generation of initialization loads, and verification that the GN&C will successfully fly the vehicle. ਀뜀ऀ䄀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 搀愀洀愀最攀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀攀猀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 氀椀昀攀 挀礀挀氀攀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀最爀攀猀猀椀瘀攀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 搀愀洀愀最攀 愀渀搀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 椀渀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 挀攀爀愀洀椀挀ⴀ洀愀琀爀椀砀Ⰰ 洀攀琀愀氀ⴀ洀愀琀爀椀砀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀㬀 愀渀搀 渀漀渀搀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀瘀攀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 椀渀琀攀最爀椀琀礀 漀昀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀⸀ 䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀礀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 氀愀爀最攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 瘀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀漀氀愀琀椀漀渀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀⸀  · Innovative microwave nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques to assess flaws and the integ-rity of thermal protection system materials. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 愀渀搀 琀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 甀渀猀琀攀愀搀礀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 爀攀甀猀愀戀氀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀⸀ 䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 琀漀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀 愀渀搀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 昀氀甀挀琀甀愀琀椀渀最 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 挀漀渀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 挀愀瘀椀琀愀琀椀渀最 瀀甀洀瀀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀⼀攀渀最椀渀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 猀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀ 䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 琀漀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀 愀渀搀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀 猀琀攀愀搀礀 愀渀搀 甀渀猀琀攀愀搀礀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀⼀攀渀最椀渀攀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀渀最 琀漀 最攀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀愀氀氀礀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 愀攀爀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀Ⰰ 攀渀最椀渀攀 猀琀愀爀琀⼀氀愀甀渀挀栀 漀瘀攀爀瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 渀漀椀猀攀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 昀氀漀眀 搀礀ⴀ渀愀洀椀挀猀⸀  · Advanced methodologies for thermal and structural assessment of large integrated composite cryogenic tanks, assessment of efficient and effective tank repair techniques, and technologies as-sociated with modal, acoustic and static testing of large-scale aerospace structural systems. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀ⴀ攀洀瀀椀爀椀挀愀氀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀䄀㐀⸀　㈀ 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䄀椀爀昀爀愀洀攀 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䴀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最  Lead Center: MSFC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䨀匀䌀  ਀吀栀攀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 椀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀琀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 愀椀爀昀爀愀洀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 昀漀爀 渀攀砀琀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀⸀ 䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 昀漀爀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最 猀愀昀攀琀礀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀搀甀挀椀渀最 挀漀猀琀 愀渀搀 眀攀椀最栀琀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀⸀ 伀渀氀礀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀氀礀 昀爀椀攀渀搀氀礀 愀渀搀 眀漀爀欀攀爀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 漀爀椀攀渀琀攀搀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀⸀ 䄀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀㨀  ਀倀漀氀礀洀攀爀 䴀愀琀爀椀砀 䌀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀猀 ⠀倀䴀䌀猀⤀  Large scale manufacturing; innovative automated processes (e.g., fiber placement); advanced non-autoclave curing (e.g., e-beam, ultrasonic); damage tolerant and repairable structures; advanced materials and manufacturing processes for both cryogenic and high-temperature applications; improved thermal protection systems (e.g., integrated structures, integral cryogenic tanks, aerogels). ਀ Metals and Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀㨀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 椀渀昀椀氀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 挀愀猀琀椀渀最 ⠀昀漀爀 䴀䴀䌀猀⤀㬀 氀愀猀攀爀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀攀搀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ渀攀琀 猀栀愀瀀椀渀最㬀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀 戀攀愀洀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 瘀愀瀀漀爀 搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀㬀 椀渀 猀椀琀甀 䴀䴀䌀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀㬀 昀爀椀挀琀椀漀渀 猀琀椀爀 愀渀搀 昀爀椀挀琀椀漀渀 瀀氀甀最 眀攀氀搀椀渀最 眀栀椀挀栀 琀愀爀最攀琀 愀氀甀洀椀渀甀洀 愀氀氀漀礀猀Ⰰ 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 琀栀漀猀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 栀椀最栀ⴀ瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 愀氀甀洀椀渀甀洀ⴀ氀椀琀栀椀甀洀 愀氀氀漀礀猀 愀渀搀 愀氀甀洀椀渀甀洀 洀攀琀愀氀ⴀ洀愀琀爀椀砀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀猀㬀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 洀攀琀愀氀氀椀挀 洀愀琀爀椀砀 愀氀氀漀礀猀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀攀 栀椀最栀 搀甀挀琀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 最漀漀搀 樀漀椀渀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀㬀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀 最爀愀搀攀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀 漀爀 氀漀眀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀㬀 愀氀氀漀礀猀 愀渀搀 渀愀渀漀瀀栀愀猀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀㈀　 欀猀椀 琀攀渀猀椀氀攀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀 愀琀 爀漀漀洀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 㘀　 欀猀椀 愀琀 攀氀攀瘀愀琀攀搀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀 㔀　　 搀攀最爀攀攀猀 䘀㬀 渀攀眀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 猀甀瀀攀爀愀氀氀漀礀猀 琀栀愀琀 爀攀猀椀猀琀 栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀 攀洀戀爀椀琀琀氀攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀爀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀琀椀戀氀攀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀最栀ⴀ瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 漀砀礀最攀渀㬀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 猀瀀爀愀礀 漀爀 挀漀氀搀 猀瀀爀愀礀 挀漀愀琀椀渀最 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀 搀椀猀猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀ⴀ愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀攀渀猀攀 搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀 漀昀 爀攀昀爀愀挀琀漀爀礀 洀攀琀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 洀攀琀愀氀 挀愀爀戀椀搀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀愀琀椀渀最 漀渀 渀漀渀ⴀ洀攀琀愀氀氀椀挀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀⸀  ਀刀愀瀀椀搀ⴀ瀀爀漀琀漀琀礀瀀椀渀最  Rapid-prototyping technologies leading to improved structural integrity, materials for use in end-item component processing; near-net shape hardware from metal or ceramic matrix composites, as well as improved monolithic and alloyed properties for direct hardware fabrication. ਀ Nanotechnology ਀䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 甀猀攀 渀愀渀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最 漀昀 栀椀最栀ⴀ焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀攀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀⸀  ਀䄀㐀⸀　㌀ 䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀  Lead Center: MSFC ਀ Ceramic matrix composite materials are projected to significantly increase safety and reduce costs simulta-neously, while decreasing weight for space transportation propulsion. Innovative material and process technology advancements are required to enable long-life, reliable, and environmentally durable materials. Specific areas of technology development that are of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: ਀ · Development of an environmentally durable fiber-reinforced refractory composite materials and their components, ਀뜀ऀ䄀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 挀漀漀氀攀搀Ⰰ 䌀䴀䌀 昀氀漀眀 瀀愀琀栀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀Ⰰ  · Development of turbomachinery with inserted CMC blades, ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀攀愀渀猀 琀漀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 愀挀挀漀甀渀琀 昀漀爀 洀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 搀甀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 最爀漀眀琀栀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀 甀渀挀漀漀氀攀搀 䌀䴀䌀 瀀椀瀀椀渀最Ⰰ  · Development of functionally formed components; CMCs with optimal and hybrid fiber tows and architectures, interface coating systems, inhibitors, matrices (e.g., glass/ceramic), and environ-mental barrier coatings which best suits function of the component for a specific portion of the component (e.g., CMC face sheet with PMC backing, high-conductivity material transitioned to low-conductivity material in the same component, embedded CMC thrust chambers in a flow path, integral injector and cooled chamber, etc), ਀뜀ऀ匀攀愀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 樀漀椀渀椀渀最 漀昀 䌀䴀䌀猀 琀漀 洀攀琀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 挀攀爀愀洀椀挀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀漀氀攀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 洀愀渀椀昀漀氀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 椀渀ⴀ猀攀爀琀攀搀 戀氀愀搀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀渀搀 甀猀攀爀ⴀ猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀攀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 愀挀挀漀甀渀琀椀渀最 昀漀爀 昀椀戀攀爀 搀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 琀漀 戀攀 猀攀愀氀⼀樀漀椀渀攀搀Ⰰ 猀礀猀琀攀洀 氀漀愀搀猀 愀渀搀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 琀漀 戀攀 猀攀愀氀攀搀⼀樀漀椀渀攀搀 ⠀戀漀琀栀 搀甀爀椀渀最 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀甀戀猀攀焀甀攀渀琀 甀猀攀⤀Ⰰ  · Low-cost (with metrics), rapid, scalable, repeatable CMC fabrication process development for the preceding applications. Clearly state how the process quality will be measured and validated from batch to batch or with respect to time. Note any limitations. ਀ Ideally, technology development will include design, analysis, fabrication and testing of components, subsystems, and engine systems to enable full assessment and accountability of the technology product and fundamental findings with respect to their value toward reaching NASA's goals. Composites are desired composed of fibers selected by end users such as high strength carbon fibers, SiC fibers, or hybrid tows or architectures. Environmentally durable fiber interface coating systems yielding optimal composite life and composite performance with respect to cost and time for fabrication are desired. Ceramic-based matrices, containing silicon- and/or refractory compounds are of interest. Where applicable, proposals should include the following: ਀ · Explanation of how aspects of similar, previous efforts are leveraged. ਀뜀ऀ䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀氀愀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 欀攀礀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 洀椀琀椀最愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 搀攀ⴀ瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀⸀  · Explanation of how the technology developed will address key issues and mitigate risks for tar-geted/candidate propulsion systems with respect to NASA goals. ਀뜀ऀ䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀愀琀栀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀攀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀挀挀漀甀渀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀ⴀ猀瀀攀挀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀椀爀 瘀愀氀甀攀 琀漀眀愀爀搀 爀攀愀挀栀椀渀最 一䄀匀䄀✀猀 最漀愀氀猀⸀  · Identification of potential end users that would integrate the technology product(s) into a propul-sion system. ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀猀琀椀渀最 漀昀 愀氀氀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀猀⸀ 圀栀攀渀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀攀搀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀 昀漀爀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 琀攀猀琀ⴀ椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀愀渀猀 昀漀爀 洀愀渀椀昀漀氀搀椀渀最 ⠀昀漀爀 挀漀漀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 最愀猀 搀甀挀琀椀渀最⤀Ⰰ 愀琀琀愀挀栀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀ 䐀攀猀椀爀攀搀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 琀攀猀琀 搀愀琀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀猀攀猀 愀猀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀Ⰰ 栀漀漀瀀 漀爀 昀氀愀琀 琀攀渀猀椀氀攀 猀琀爀攀猀猀ⴀ猀琀爀愀椀渀 挀甀爀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀爀氀愀洀椀渀愀爀 猀栀攀愀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀漀甀瀀漀渀 琀攀猀琀 搀愀琀愀Ⰰ 洀椀挀爀漀猀挀漀瀀椀挀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 椀洀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 攀搀最攀ⴀ氀漀愀搀攀搀 琀攀渀猀椀氀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀洀攀渀猀 ⠀洀愀砀椀洀甀洀 漀昀 渀椀渀攀⤀⸀  · Justification for selection of matrix material constituents, fibers, interface coatings, fabric architec-ture, etc. ਀뜀ऀ䘀漀爀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀 昀氀攀砀椀戀氀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀ⴀ搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 洀愀琀爀椀砀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 瘀愀爀椀ⴀ愀戀氀攀猀 挀栀愀渀最攀搀 愀渀搀 栀漀眀 洀愀渀礀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 琀爀椀愀氀猀⤀ 愀渀搀 椀搀攀愀氀氀礀 愀 䐀攀猀椀最渀 漀昀 䔀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Correlation of processing variables to flexible, detailed test matrices (include in reports also). ਀뜀ऀ嘀攀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 洀椀挀爀漀猀挀漀瀀椀挀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 洀椀挀爀漀瀀爀漀戀攀Ⰰ 匀䔀䴀Ⰰ 堀刀䐀Ⰰ 吀䔀䴀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀ 愀渀搀 洀愀挀爀漀猀挀漀瀀椀挀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 琀攀渀猀椀氀攀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀Ⰰ 猀琀爀攀猀猀ⴀ漀砀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 昀愀琀椀最甀攀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀爀ⴀ氀愀洀椀渀愀爀 猀栀攀愀爀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 愀渀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀⸀  · Verification of specific end-use application by testing for permeability, thermal shock, etc. ਀뜀ऀ䔀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀漀甀瀀漀渀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 甀猀椀渀最 渀漀渀搀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀瘀攀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀ⴀ渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀ · Explanation of manufacturing scale-up necessary for the ultimate full-size target components. ਀ A4.04 Launch Vehicle Airframe Technologies ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䰀愀刀䌀 Participating Center(s): MSFC ਀ Next generation space transportation systems must address the significant challenge of significantly reducing the cost of space access while providing orders-of-magnitude improvements in safety. To accomplish these goals, the airframes/spaceframes for future launch vehicles and upper stages must be reusable and incorporate advanced technologies in materials and structural concepts, validated, safe structural analysis and design technologies, and improved manufacture of large-scale, advanced structures. The conflicting requirements of low cost and safety must also be balanced with the need for performance sufficient for space transportation vehicles. ਀ Airframe systems of primary interest in this subtopic include innovative concepts in hot structures (i.e., structures that can function without requiring any atmospheric entry thermal protection system), and "integrated thermal structures" (i.e., airframe structures, such as integral cryogenic tanks, intertanks, wings/fins, thrust structures, fairings, control surfaces and leading edges that have the atmospheric entry thermal protection system closely integrated with the structure). Proposals for innovative research in design and mechanics, and in materials technologies addressing these airframe systems, are solicited. Proposals of specific interest in this subtopic include one or more of the following items: ਀ Design and Mechanics ਀뜀ऀ匀瀀攀挀椀愀氀椀稀攀搀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀猀椀最渀 琀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 愀攀爀漀琀栀攀爀洀愀氀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀ⴀ猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀猀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 琀攀猀琀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最礀 琀漀 栀漀琀 愀攀爀漀猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀ⴀ猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 琀愀渀欀猀 椀猀 漀昀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀  · Novel methods for prediction and testing of material and structural durability and damage toler-ance, with emphasis on environmental degradation, combined thermal-mechanical loads, and operation beyond nominal design conditions; and related methods to repair damaged structures. ਀ Materials Technologies ਀뜀ऀ匀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀ⴀ琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 渀椀挀欀攀氀Ⰰ 椀爀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀椀琀愀渀椀甀洀 愀氀氀漀礀猀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀爀洀攀琀愀氀氀椀挀猀Ⰰ 爀攀昀爀愀挀琀漀爀礀 洀攀琀愀氀猀Ⰰ 䴀䴀䌀ᤀ猠Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䌀䴀䌀ᤀ猠 愀氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀椀爀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 椀渀琀漀 甀猀攀昀甀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 昀漀爀洀猀 昀漀爀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 愀椀爀昀爀愀洀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀  · Materials technologies focused on advanced, high-temperature materials compatible with cryo-genic and gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, and high-temperature products of combustions such as water vapor. ਀ A4.05 Propulsion Test Technologies ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 匀匀䌀 Participating Center(s): MSFC ਀ The goal of this subtopic is to identify and develop new technologies that can significantly increase the capabilities for improved rocket engine ground testing and safety assurance while reducing costs. Specific areas of interest include the following:਀ · New, innovative non-intrusive sensors for measuring flow rate, temperature, pressure, rocket plume constituents, and detection of effluent gas. Sensors must not physically intrude at all into the measurement space. Sub millisecond response time is required. Temperature sensors must be able to measure cryogenic temperatures of fluids (as low as 160R for LOX and 34R for LH2 ) un-der high pressure (up to 15,000 psi) and high flow rate conditions (2000 lb/sec, 300 ft/sec) for LH2. Pressure sensors must have a range of up to 15,000 psi. Rocket plume sensors must deter-mine gas species, temperature, and velocity for H2 , O2 , hydrocarbons (kerosene), and hybrid fuels. ਀뜀ऀ伀渀ⴀ氀椀渀攀 ⠀爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀⤀ 猀愀洀瀀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 栀椀最栀ⴀ瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 昀氀漀眀 爀愀琀攀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 漀砀礀最攀渀ⴀ渀椀琀爀漀最攀渀 洀椀砀琀甀爀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 渀攀攀搀 昀漀爀 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 琀漀琀愀氀氀礀 渀漀渀ⴀ椀渀琀爀甀猀椀瘀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀ⴀ瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 昀氀漀眀 爀愀琀攀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 漀砀礀最攀渀 ⠀䰀伀堀⤀ 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀栀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 猀瀀攀挀椀攀猀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䰀伀堀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀ⴀ猀甀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀⸀ 䄀渀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 一㈀ 椀渀 愀 䰀伀堀 昀氀漀眀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 一㈀ 椀猀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 䰀伀堀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 攀砀瀀愀渀搀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 爀漀挀欀攀琀 攀渀最椀渀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀猀⸀  · On-line particulate contamination sampling for facility propellant (LOX and LH2 ) and gas sys-tems (He, H2 , O2 , and N2 ). A requirement exists for instrumentation that can detect, in real time, the presence of contaminants in the 30 micron to 100 micron range as these propellants and gases flow through facility piping. Sub millisecond response time and ability to withstand cryogenic temperatures (down to 34R) and high pressures (up to 15,000 psi) are required features. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 昀爀漀渀琀ⴀ攀渀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 攀洀戀攀搀搀椀渀最 漀昀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀渀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀⸀ 刀攀ⴀ焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 瀀漀眀攀爀 挀漀洀瀀愀爀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 愀 ㈀　　 䴀䠀稀 倀䌀 眀椀琀栀 ㌀㈀ 䴀䈀 漀昀 刀䄀䴀 漀爀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 渀漀渀瘀漀氀愀琀椀氀攀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 愀渀愀氀漀最 䤀⼀伀 ⠀愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 琀眀漀 漀昀 攀愀挀栀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀洀愀戀氀攀 愀洀瀀氀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀琀椀ⴀ愀氀椀愀猀椀渀最 昀椀氀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀挀 挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀⤀Ⰰ 搀椀最椀琀愀氀 䤀⼀伀 ⠀愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 攀椀最栀琀⤀Ⰰ 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀漀爀琀 昀漀爀 䔀琀栀攀爀渀攀琀 戀甀猀 瀀爀漀琀漀挀漀氀 ⠀漀渀攀 栀椀最栀 猀瀀攀攀搀 愀渀搀 漀渀攀 氀漀眀 猀瀀攀攀搀⤀Ⰰ 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 昀漀爀 䌀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀洀椀渀最 ⠀漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 栀椀最栀ⴀ氀攀瘀攀氀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 欀椀琀 昀漀爀 倀䌀⸀ 倀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 猀椀稀攀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 漀挀挀甀瀀礀 愀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 氀愀爀ⴀ最攀爀 琀栀愀渀 㐀∀ 砀 㐀∀ 砀 ㈀∀⸀ · Modeling of the high temperature rocket engine plume radiance and transmittance. Modification of MODTRAN code to include HITEMP database and to include radiance emanating from the en-gine and the test stand structural materials at high temperatures. Modeling of the engine plume water vapor condensation clouds hovering over and near the test stands. All these effects are re-quired in order to predict radiance effects of the rocket engine testing accurately. ਀뜀ऀ䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 爀漀挀欀攀琀 瀀氀甀洀攀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 猀椀最渀愀琀甀爀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 爀攀ⴀ焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀 漀昀 爀漀挀欀攀琀 攀砀栀愀甀猀琀 瀀氀甀洀攀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 猀椀最渀愀琀甀爀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 䔀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 椀猀 漀渀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 搀愀琀愀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀Ⰰ 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀礀猀ⴀ琀攀洀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 椀洀愀最椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀椀氀琀攀爀 爀愀搀椀漀洀攀琀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 伀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 搀愀琀愀 甀渀挀攀爀琀愀椀渀琀礀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀⸀  · Materials and components for high-pressure (up to 6000 psi), high-purity (90%+) hydrogen perox-ide service. Materials, including seals, valve materials, and coatings that can withstand long-term hydrogen peroxide contact are required. Components for hydrogen peroxide service, including iso-lation valves, ball valves, and relief valves, which are designed for minimum number of sumps and seals, and clean flush-through, are required. ਀뜀ऀ䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 搀愀琀愀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 漀昀 最爀漀甀渀搀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最⸀  䠀椀最栀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 甀渀挀攀爀琀愀椀渀琀礀 戀愀渀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀爀爀漀爀 戀愀渀搀猀 愀爀攀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀愀琀愀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 焀甀愀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀⸀  吀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀猀琀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀ⴀ焀甀椀爀攀搀⸀   ਀䄀㐀⸀　㘀 䰀愀甀渀挀栀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 匀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀  Lead Center: MSFC ਀ Next generation launch technologies will require high overall vehicle payload mass to lift-off mass ratios, propulsion systems which deliver higher thrust to engine weight ratios, increased trajectory-averaged specific impulse, reliable overall vehicle systems performance, and extended reusability in order to achieve cost and crew safety goals. This subtopic emphasizes innovative propulsion subsystem and component technologies as well as design and analysis tools to support assessment of the technical viability of proposed next generation propulsion subsystems and components. Technologies, design, and analysis tools proposed under this subtopic should address technical issues related to engine and main propulsion system design and integration, turbomachinery, combustion devices, valves, actuators, ducts, lines, solid propellant and hybrid grain design, and overall propulsion systems integration. Specific areas of interest for technol-ogy advancement and innovations include the following: ਀ · Innovative technologies, design and analysis tools applicable to assessment of credible physics associated with reusable launch vehicle turbomachinery, combustion devices, and overall engine systems concepts. Design and analysis tools that provide improved understanding and quantifica-tion of component, subsystem, and system operating environments are of particular interest. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 昀氀甀椀搀⼀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀漀氀 昀漀爀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 ⠀㄀⤀ 吀爀愀渀猀椀攀渀琀 氀漀愀搀猀 椀渀 渀漀渀氀椀渀攀愀爀 瘀愀氀瘀攀⼀愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀Ⰰ ⠀㈀⤀ 䌀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 椀渀 攀渀最椀渀攀 搀甀挀琀猀 愀渀搀 昀氀漀眀 氀椀渀攀爀猀Ⰰ ⠀㌀⤀ 䐀礀渀愀洀椀挀 氀漀愀搀猀 漀渀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ ⠀㐀⤀ 䌀愀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 攀渀最椀渀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ ⠀㔀⤀ 匀氀漀猀栀椀渀最 椀渀 昀甀攀氀 琀愀渀欀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀猀⸀ 䌀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 昀氀甀椀搀⼀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 攀渀琀愀椀氀 琀甀爀戀甀氀攀渀琀 昀氀漀眀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 最攀ⴀ漀洀攀琀爀椀攀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 琀爀愀渀猀椀攀渀琀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀椀猀爀攀最愀爀搀椀渀最 昀氀甀椀搀⼀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 洀愀礀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 椀渀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 椀猀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀瀀ⴀ瀀爀漀愀挀栀 琀漀 猀漀氀瘀攀 猀甀挀栀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀ 刀攀氀愀琀攀搀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 ⠀愀⤀ 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 昀椀渀椀琀攀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 昀漀爀 琀爀甀氀礀 洀甀氀琀椀搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀愀爀礀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 攀渀最椀渀攀 愀渀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀㬀 ⠀戀⤀ 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 栀椀最栀ⴀ瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 瀀愀爀愀氀氀攀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 昀漀爀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 洀甀氀琀椀搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀愀爀礀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀㬀 ⠀挀⤀ 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 栀椀最栀ⴀ瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 最爀愀瀀栀椀挀猀 昀漀爀 瘀椀猀甀愀氀椀稀椀渀最 挀漀洀ⴀ瀀甀琀攀爀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀㬀 愀渀搀 ⠀搀⤀ 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀愀爀礀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀攀猀琀 搀愀琀愀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 攀渀最椀渀攀 琀攀猀琀 昀椀爀攀 愀渀搀 瘀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 搀愀琀愀⸀  · Innovative propulsion system and component preliminary design tools that support the design, analysis, and integration of propulsion subsystems. These tools should significantly enhance the overall systems engineering evaluation of potential reusable launch vehicle concepts such as tools for component/parameter sensitivity analysis, quantification of system benefits to changes, the op-erability of the overall propulsion system concept, bottoms-up weight estimating, cost estimating, and reliability prediction of propulsion systems. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀甀爀戀漀洀愀挀栀椀渀攀爀礀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 戀攀愀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 琀甀爀戀椀渀攀 戀氀愀搀攀 氀椀昀攀Ⰰ 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀 挀栀愀洀戀攀爀 挀漀漀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 椀渀樀攀挀琀漀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀Ⰰ 猀攀愀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 琀栀爀甀猀琀 琀漀 眀攀椀最栀琀 爀愀琀椀漀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀猀椀最渀 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀愀琀攀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最⸀  · Manufacturing techniques that will allow for significant reduction in the cost and schedule re-quired to fabricate engine and main propulsion system components for candidate RLV concepts. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 愀猀猀攀猀猀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 昀攀攀搀 氀椀渀攀猀Ⰰ 琀愀渀欀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀椀ⴀ稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 昀椀氀氀Ⰰ 搀爀愀椀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瘀攀渀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Innovative concepts for solid or hybrid rockets that increase mass fraction and decrease the need for thermal insulation and reduce or eliminate the need for staging. Concepts that drastically re-duce the required launch complex preparation with the goal of providing a cost-effective launch-on-demand system for spacecraft. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 甀猀椀渀最 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 漀爀 攀洀攀爀最椀渀最 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 瘀愀氀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 搀甀挀琀猀Ⰰ 氀椀渀攀猀Ⰰ 昀氀愀渀最攀猀Ⰰ 猀攀愀氀猀Ⰰ 最椀洀戀愀氀 樀漀椀渀琀猀Ⰰ 戀攀氀氀漀眀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀渀挀椀氀ⴀ氀愀爀礀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀爀攀 攀愀猀椀攀爀 琀漀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀攀Ⰰ 椀渀猀琀愀氀氀 愀渀搀 琀攀猀琀 眀栀攀渀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 漀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀⸀  · Integrated Computer aided design, solid-model, structural, dynamic, and thermal & fluid-flow analysis methods for multidisciplinary analysis and optimization of components and subsystems. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀愀琀椀渀最猀 昀漀爀 洀漀爀攀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 瘀愀氀瘀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀Ⰰ 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀漀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 氀椀昀攀 愀渀搀 攀砀ⴀ琀攀渀搀攀搀 搀甀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 眀攀愀爀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀⸀  · Innovative manufacturing and testing techniques that will allow for significant reduction in the cost and schedule required to perform subsystem and component development. ਀뜀ऀ唀琀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 琀漀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 眀攀椀最栀琀 愀渀搀 琀愀椀氀漀爀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 猀琀椀昀昀渀攀猀猀 昀漀爀 瘀愀氀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 最椀洀戀愀氀 樀漀椀渀琀猀Ⰰ 搀甀挀琀猀 愀渀搀 氀椀渀攀猀⸀  · Innovative valve seal designs contributing to increased life, reliability, wear, material compatibil-ity and decreased leak rates, friction and cost. ਀뜀ऀ嘀愀氀瘀攀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀 爀攀挀漀爀搀Ⰰ 猀琀漀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀漀眀渀氀漀愀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 搀愀琀愀 昀漀爀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 琀爀攀渀搀椀渀最 欀攀礀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 氀攀愀欀 爀愀琀攀Ⰰ 琀漀爀焀甀攀Ⰰ 挀礀挀氀攀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 最爀漀甀渀搀 挀栀攀挀欀漀甀琀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 昀氀椀最栀琀⸀  · New and innovative analysis tools or techniques for determining pressure drops and flowrates throughout a gelled propellant feed system. Tools or techniques that can be incorporated into existing analysis or design tools are of particular interest. ਀뜀ऀ一攀眀 愀渀搀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 昀漀爀 瀀甀洀瀀椀渀最 最攀氀氀攀搀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀猀 琀漀 栀椀最栀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀猀 ⠀㸀㄀　　　 瀀猀椀⤀⸀ 䔀洀瀀栀愀ⴀ猀椀猀 椀猀 瀀氀愀挀攀搀 漀渀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 愀搀愀瀀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  ਀ TOPIC A5 Computing, Information and Communications Technology ਀ NASA's Computing, Information and Communications Technology (CICT) Program will enable scientific research, space exploration, and aerospace technology research greater success at less cost and with increased return through development and use of advanced computing, information and communications technologies. Goal-Directed Systems: smarter more adaptive systems and tools that work collaboratively with humans in a goal-directed manner to achieve NASA's twenty-first century mission/science goals, including: robotic exploration; human-robotic exploration; safe, cost-effective operation of all launch vehicles; Earth-orbiting satellites monitoring relationships associated with planetary phenomena; and development of methodologies to enhance the capacity, safety and security of our National Airspace System (NAS). Seamless Access to NASA Information Technology Resources: seamless access to ground-, air-, and space-based distributed hardware, software, and information resources allow scientists and engineers to focus on make new discoveries in science, design next generation space vehicles, control missions or develop new concepts for the NAS. High Rate Data Delivery: broad, continuous presence and coverage for high rate data delivery from ground, air, and space-based assets directly to the users enabling NASA's twenty-first century missions, including: distributed network of observing spacecraft to provide real-time multi-sensor information directly to users; multi-gigabit Internet-based communications in near-Earth orbit; high rate communications from spacecraft traveling to our outer planets including intra-planetary networks for surface exploration; and development of the NAS Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Architecture to meet 2015 air travel demands. Strategic Research: research, develop, and evaluate a broad portfolio of fundamental information and bio/nanotechnologies for infusion into future NASA missions. ਀ A5.01 Human-Automation Interaction in Aerospace Systems ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䄀刀䌀  ਀䄀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 爀攀氀礀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最氀礀 漀渀 猀甀瀀攀爀瘀椀猀漀爀礀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀ⴀ椀渀最 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 洀愀欀椀渀最⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀琀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀 愀瘀椀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䘀漀爀洀愀氀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 漀昀 愀渀愀氀礀稀椀渀最 昀氀椀最栀琀 搀攀挀欀 愀渀搀 最爀漀甀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 栀甀洀愀渀ⴀ愀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 搀攀猀椀最渀  · Large-scale simulation of human-in-the-loop decision-making in the National Airspace System ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 愀渀搀 琀攀愀洀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 瘀椀猀甀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀  · Model-based intelligent tutoring approaches to human-automation interaction ਀뜀ऀ䐀愀琀愀 洀椀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瘀椀猀甀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀漀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀砀琀爀愀挀琀 挀愀甀猀愀氀 栀甀洀愀渀 昀愀挀琀漀爀猀 甀渀搀攀爀氀礀椀渀最 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 洀椀猀ⴀ栀愀瀀猀 昀爀漀洀 氀愀爀最攀 愀洀漀甀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀攀砀琀 漀爀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀愀琀椀瘀攀 搀愀琀愀  · Human-system interaction supporting collaboration among humans as well as between humans and synthetic agents. ਀ A5.02 Nanotechnology ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䄀刀䌀 Participating Center(s): GRC, JPL, JSC, LaRC ਀ Nanotechnology is the science of creating functional materials, devices and systems through control of matter on the nanometer (atomic) scale and the exploitation of novel phenomena and properties (physical, chemical and biological) at that length scale. Control of organization at the atomic level provides the opportunity to create function-specific materials at the micro and macro scales. Nanotechnology is not simply another step toward top-down‚ miniaturization; it represents a fundamental change in approach that exploits new behaviors dominated by quantum mechanics, material confinement, and large interfaces. ਀ Nanotechnology is expected to have a profound impact on all NASA Enterprises by enabling revolutionary, lighter, smaller spacecraft; powerful, small, low-power consuming computers; radiation-hardened electron-ics; nanoelectronics; nanosensors and instruments, high-power density fuel cell, biosensors for astrobiology and astronaut health monitoring; biomedical sensors and in-vivo medical devices; novel nanoelectrome-chanical systems (NEMS); and advanced materials for aerospace vehicles and space launch vehicle structures. ਀ NASA's missions for Space Science, Earth Science and Aerospace Technology development have pushed the state of the art for extraordinary computational speed and memory capacity for at least two decades. The Space Science mission has the added requirement for computing devices that must have low power consumption, unparalleled reliability, and resistance to harsh radiation environments. ਀ Nanotechnology provides radical new approaches to size reduction and speed improvements through materials manipulation at the atomic scale. Possible candidates arising from potential advances in nanoelec-tronics include molecular computing (e.g., carbon nanotube, nanowire and molecular electronics-based electronics), and artificial quantum-structure systems. These concepts can be realized through the concur-rent development and fabrication of the underlying nanoelectronic building blocks (e.g., gates, interconnects), new system architectures and associated algorithms. ਀ Specific interests for the 2003 solicitation include technology developments directed toward the above applications, including: ਀ · Exploiting the extraordinary mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, and chemical properties of nanostructures including nanotubes (e.g., carbon, silicon carbide, boron nitride), and nanowires. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀攀搀 最爀漀眀琀栀Ⰰ 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 搀椀猀瀀攀爀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 渀愀渀漀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 渀愀渀漀ⴀ琀甀戀攀 愀渀搀 渀愀渀漀眀椀爀攀⤀ 昀漀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Application of molecular and nanoelectronics devices for chemical, gas, and biosensors. ਀뜀ऀ䄀琀漀洀椀挀 挀栀愀椀渀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀⸀  · Nanophotonics, including nanowire lasers. ਀뜀ऀ䘀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 戀椀漀洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀⤀ 昀漀爀 搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀椀渀最 洀攀琀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀⸀  · Design, development, fabrication and low-cost manufacturing processes of nanoelectronic compo-nents, connectors, switches and wires. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 昀愀甀氀琀ⴀ琀漀氀攀爀愀渀琀Ⰰ 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀猀椀猀琀愀渀琀 渀愀渀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀⸀  · Fuel cell, batteries, and thermoelectric converters ਀뜀ऀ䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 渀愀渀漀洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 氀椀昀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 最愀猀 愀渀搀 眀愀琀攀爀 瀀甀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⤀ 愀渀搀 攀砀琀爀愀瘀攀ⴀ栀椀挀甀氀愀爀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀⸀  · Thermal Management nanomaterials (heat rejection, heat management and thermal protection). Interface and packaging technologies which enable nanocomponent and nanosystem development for integration into macro-scale structures and instruments. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 渀愀渀漀搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Integration of nanoelectronic components with conventional electronic devices (e.g., CMOS). ਀뜀ऀ䴀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 漀昀 渀愀渀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 栀礀戀爀椀搀 渀愀渀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀ⴀ洀椀挀爀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀  ਀ TOPIC A6 Engineering for Complex Systems ਀ The Engineering for Complex Systems program is part of the Engineering Innovation objective of NASA's Aerospace Enterprise Pioneer Revolutionary Technology goal: To demonstrate advanced, full-life-cycle design and simulation tools, processes, and virtual environments in critical NASA engineering applications. The ECS program, in particular, focuses on the representation, reasoning, and mitigation of risk. Achieving this vision will require infusing new risk mitigation technologies and processes into our standard engineer-ing practices throughout the program lifecycle. The Engineering for Complex Systems program is designed specifically to achieve the following goals: 1) Significantly advance the scientific and engineering under-standing of system complexities and failures, including human and organization risk characteristics; and 2) Develop processes, tools, and organizational methods to quantify, track, visualize, and trade-off system designs and/or mission options with an emphasis on risk management throughout the lifecycle of the programs. ਀ A6.01 Modeling and Simulation of Aerospace Vehicles in a Flight Test Environment ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䐀䘀刀䌀  ਀匀愀昀攀爀 愀渀搀 洀漀爀攀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀 漀昀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀瘀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀 琀漀漀氀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 椀猀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 洀漀爀攀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 甀渀搀攀爀ⴀ猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 漀昀 愀渀 愀椀爀昀爀愀洀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 猀椀洀甀氀琀愀渀攀漀甀猀 椀渀昀氀甀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 愀攀爀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀Ⰰ 椀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 瀀椀氀漀琀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 攀昀昀漀爀琀 眀椀氀氀 甀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 戀攀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 昀氀椀最栀琀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 ⠀瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 搀甀爀椀渀最 昀氀椀最栀琀 琀攀猀琀猀⤀Ⰰ 洀漀爀攀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀渀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 渀漀瘀攀氀Ⰰ 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀愀爀礀Ⰰ 氀椀渀攀愀爀 漀爀 渀漀渀氀椀渀攀愀爀Ⰰ 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 漀渀攀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 戀攀氀漀眀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ倀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀琀攀愀搀礀 愀渀搀 甀渀猀琀攀愀搀礀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 氀漀愀搀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 猀甀爀ⴀ faces, or similar distributions due to propulsive forces, by employing accurate finite element CFD ਀琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀  · Effective finite element numerical algorithms for multidisciplinary systems response analysis with ਀愀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 琀栀爀攀攀ⴀ搀椀洀攀渀猀椀漀渀愀氀 最爀椀搀⼀洀攀猀栀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀琀 猀攀氀攀挀琀攀搀 琀椀洀攀 猀琀攀瀀猀⸀  · Effective use of high-performance computing machines, including parallel processors, for inte-਀最爀愀琀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀爀 瀀椀氀漀琀ⴀ椀渀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ氀漀漀瀀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀漀爀猀⸀  · Innovative applications of high-performance computer graphics or virtual reality systems for visu-਀愀氀椀稀椀渀最 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 洀漀搀攀氀 漀爀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀⸀  · Correlation of predictive analyses with test data or model update schemes based on measured in-਀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀䄀㘀⸀　㈀ 䘀氀椀最栀琀 匀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 匀攀渀猀漀爀 䄀爀爀愀礀猀 愀渀搀 䄀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀  Lead Center: DFRC ਀ Real-time measurement techniques are needed to acquire aerodynamic, structural and propulsion system ਀瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀 椀渀 昀氀椀最栀琀 愀渀搀 琀漀 猀愀昀攀氀礀 攀砀瀀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 攀渀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀 漀昀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀  scope of this subtopic is the development of sensors, sensor systems, sensor arrays or instrumentation ਀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀爀琀 椀渀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 最爀漀甀渀搀 漀爀 昀氀椀最栀琀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀  of sensors to enhance aircraft safety by determining atmospheric conditions. The goals are to improve the ਀攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 昀氀椀最栀琀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最 戀礀 猀椀洀瀀氀椀昀礀椀渀最 愀渀搀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀椀渀最 猀攀渀猀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀㬀 洀攀愀猀甀爀椀渀最 渀攀眀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀ⴀ ters; improving the quality of measurements; minimizing the disturbance to the measured parameter from ਀琀栀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀㬀 搀攀爀椀瘀椀渀最 渀攀眀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 挀漀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀㬀 漀爀 挀漀洀戀椀渀椀渀最 猀攀渀猀漀爀 猀甀椀琀攀猀  with embedded processing to add value to output information. This subtopic solicits proposals for improv-਀椀渀最 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀ⴀ椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀 猀甀戀猀漀渀椀挀Ⰰ 猀甀瀀攀爀猀漀渀椀挀 愀渀搀 栀礀瀀攀爀猀漀渀椀挀 昀氀椀最栀琀  regimes. These sensors and systems are required to have fast response, low volume, minimal intrusion and ਀栀椀最栀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 眀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀  following areas: ਀ Vehicle Environmental Monitoring਀뜀ऀ一漀渀椀渀琀爀甀猀椀瘀攀 愀椀爀 搀愀琀愀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 ⠀愀椀爀猀瀀攀攀搀Ⰰ 愀椀爀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀洀戀椀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 猀琀愀最渀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 䴀愀挀栀 渀甀洀戀攀爀Ⰰ 愀椀爀 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀Ⰰ 昀氀漀眀 愀渀最氀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀甀洀椀搀椀琀礀 愀琀 愀椀爀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀 愀猀 氀漀眀 愀猀 ⴀ㈀　 搀攀最⸀ 䘀⤀⸀  · Off-surface flow field measurement and/or visualization (laminar, vortical, and separated flow, turbulence) zero to 50 meters from the aircraft. ਀뜀ऀ䈀漀甀渀搀愀爀礀 氀愀礀攀爀 昀氀漀眀 昀椀攀氀搀Ⰰ 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀猀 漀爀 猀欀椀渀 昀爀椀挀琀椀漀渀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀爀 瘀椀猀甀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Any of the above measurements in hypersonic flow. ਀ Vehicle Condition Monitoring਀뜀ऀ伀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 愀爀爀愀礀猀 昀漀爀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 昀氀椀最栀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀礀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀⸀  · Sensor arrays for structural load monitoring. ਀뜀ऀ刀漀戀甀猀琀 愀爀爀愀礀猀 昀漀爀 攀渀最椀渀攀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 䄀攀爀漀瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 吀攀猀琀猀 · Thin film and fiber optic sensors, especially those compatible with advanced propulsion system materials such as ceramics and composites, and capable of withstanding the high temperatures and pressures associated with turbomachinery. ਀뜀ऀ伀渀戀漀愀爀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 昀漀爀 搀愀琀愀 挀漀渀搀攀渀猀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 昀愀椀氀攀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 瘀愀氀甀愀戀氀攀 漀渀戀漀愀爀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀  ਀  Vehicle Far Field Environmental Monitoring਀뜀ऀ一漀渀椀渀琀爀甀猀椀瘀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀琀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 ㈀ⴀ㔀 欀椀氀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 漀昀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 搀愀琀愀 ⠀渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 愀渀搀 椀渀搀甀挀攀搀 昀氀漀眀昀椀攀氀搀猀Ⰰ 琀甀爀戀甀氀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 眀攀愀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀⤀⸀  · Onboard processing of sensed and telemetered data for integrated storage and strategic presenta-tion to the flight crew. ਀ A6.03 Knowledge Engineering for Safe Systems in Lifecycle Engineering ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䄀刀䌀  ਀吀栀攀 䬀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 䔀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 昀漀爀 匀愀昀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀愀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀猀 愀 猀礀渀攀爀最礀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 攀砀瀀氀椀挀椀琀氀礀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 漀昀 洀椀猀ⴀ猀椀漀渀 爀椀猀欀 愀渀搀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 椀渀 氀椀昀攀挀礀挀氀攀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀琀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 漀昀 爀椀猀欀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 氀椀昀攀挀礀挀氀攀 漀昀 搀攀猀椀最渀Ⰰ 洀愀渀甀ⴀ昀愀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀  · Model-based simulation of the interactions between organizational decision making and hardware and software systems design and engineering that predict issues related to risk and resiliency ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 愀渀搀 琀攀愀洀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 昀愀琀椀最甀攀Ⰰ 猀琀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ 眀漀爀欀氀漀愀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀椀猀欀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 洀愀欀椀渀最 椀渀 愀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀  · Ontologies and architectures for advanced product data management systems that explicitly incor-porate the notions of risk, resiliency, and decision-making rationale ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀漀瀀攀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀猀椀最渀 爀愀琀椀漀渀ⴀ愀氀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀琀漀 愀 栀攀琀攀爀漀最攀渀攀漀甀猀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀  · Immersive virtual environments and geospatial navigation approaches for user exploration of en-gineering facility and vehicle data ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䄀㜀 䔀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀渀搀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  ਀吀栀攀 䔀䌀吀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀猀 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀猀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 栀椀最栀ⴀ瀀愀礀漀昀昀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 瘀椀猀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀猀⸀ 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 愀爀攀 琀漀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 戀爀攀愀欀琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀瘀攀 戀爀漀愀搀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 洀愀渀礀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 爀攀琀甀爀渀 愀琀 氀漀眀攀爀 挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 栀漀爀椀稀漀渀猀⸀ 䌀甀爀爀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 䔀䌀吀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 愀爀攀㨀 ㄀⤀ 吀栀攀 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀㬀 ㈀⤀ 吀栀攀 䔀渀攀爀最攀琀椀挀猀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀㬀 ㌀⤀ 吀栀攀 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 䐀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀㬀 㐀⤀ 吀栀攀 刀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 匀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀㬀 愀渀搀 㔀⤀ 吀栀攀 䰀愀爀最攀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀⸀ 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䔀䌀吀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 挀愀渀 戀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 愀琀 栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀攀爀愀猀洀甀猀⸀栀焀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⸀ 一攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀⼀䄀椀爀猀瀀愀挀攀 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 眀椀氀氀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 戀漀琀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 愀椀爀猀瀀愀挀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀猀猀甀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀栀攀爀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 猀愀昀攀琀礀⼀猀攀挀甀爀椀琀礀 椀猀猀甀攀猀⸀ 䘀氀椀最栀琀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 漀爀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 栀攀爀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀漀琀栀 䔀愀爀琀栀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 猀漀甀最栀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀猀 琀栀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀椀挀Ⰰ 猀攀氀昀ⴀ洀愀渀愀最椀渀最 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 猀攀氀昀ⴀ挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀攀氀昀ⴀ漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀攀氀昀ⴀ栀攀愀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀⤀⸀ 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 洀愀礀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀猀Ⰰ 攀洀攀爀最椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀爀攀愀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 愀爀琀椀昀椀挀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 戀椀漀洀椀洀攀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 渀愀渀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 洀甀氀琀椀搀椀猀ⴀ挀椀瀀氀椀渀愀爀礀Ⰰ 猀礀渀攀爀最椀猀琀椀挀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀⸀  ਀䄀㜀⸀　㄀ 匀洀愀爀琀Ⰰ 䄀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 䄀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 圀椀琀栀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀挀攀  Lead Center: LaRC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䄀刀䌀Ⰰ 䜀匀䘀䌀  ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀稀攀猀 琀栀攀 爀漀氀攀猀 漀昀 愀攀爀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀攀爀漀琀栀攀爀洀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀Ⰰ 栀礀瀀攀爀猀漀渀椀挀 愀椀爀戀爀攀愀琀栀椀渀最 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀Ⰰ 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 椀渀 渀漀渀氀椀渀攀愀爀 昀氀椀最栀琀 爀攀最椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 搀椀爀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀眀愀爀搀猀 琀栀攀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀 漀昀 昀甀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 戀漀琀栀 䔀愀爀琀栀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 昀氀椀最栀琀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 愀琀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀猀 攀渀瘀椀猀椀漀渀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀 愀⤀ ∀匀洀愀爀琀∀ 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 愀琀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀猀 ⴀ 甀猀椀渀最 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 昀氀椀最栀琀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 ∀栀椀最栀氀礀 愀眀愀爀攀∀ 漀昀 漀渀戀漀愀爀搀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀栀攀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 昀氀漀眀 昀椀攀氀搀 愀渀搀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 琀栀爀攀愀琀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀㬀 戀⤀ ∀䄀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀∀ 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 愀琀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀猀 ⴀ 昀氀椀最栀琀 愀瘀椀漀渀椀挀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ爀攀瀀愀椀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 昀氀椀最栀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 攀昀昀攀挀琀漀爀猀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀 琀漀 挀栀愀渀最椀渀最 昀氀椀最栀琀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀㬀 愀渀搀 挀⤀ ∀䤀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀∀ 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 愀琀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀猀 ⴀ 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 漀渀戀漀愀爀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀爀琀椀昀椀挀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀挀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 愀挀琀甀愀琀椀渀最 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 爀攀愀挀琀猀 爀愀瀀椀搀氀礀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 琀漀 挀栀愀渀最椀渀最 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 搀攀洀愀渀搀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 琀栀爀攀愀琀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 䘀甀琀甀爀攀 愀椀爀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀 愀琀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 洀愀渀愀最攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀椀琀礀Ⰰ ∀欀渀漀眀∀ 琀栀攀洀猀攀氀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀漀甀猀氀礀 琀甀渀攀 琀栀攀洀猀攀氀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 愀搀愀瀀琀 琀漀 甀渀瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀ⴀ愀戀氀攀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 猀愀昀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀⸀  ਀䘀漀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀Ⰰ 戀漀琀栀 洀椀氀椀琀愀爀礀 愀渀搀 挀椀瘀椀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 昀漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 椀猀 瀀氀愀挀攀搀 漀渀 挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 渀攀眀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀爀爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀椀渀最 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 攀砀瀀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 戀漀甀渀搀愀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 挀漀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀愀氀 瀀椀氀漀琀攀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 挀愀琀攀最漀爀椀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀 䄀瘀椀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀䜀䄀⤀ 漀爀 倀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀 䄀椀爀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 ⠀倀䄀嘀⤀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀氀礀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 匀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ䄀爀琀 椀渀 爀攀洀漀琀攀氀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 挀氀愀猀猀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 䰀漀渀最ⴀ䔀渀搀甀爀愀渀挀攀 匀攀渀猀椀渀最 倀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 ⠀䰀䔀匀倀⤀Ⰰ 唀渀洀愀渀渀攀搀 䄀攀爀椀愀氀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 ⠀唀䄀嘀⤀ 漀爀 唀渀洀愀渀渀攀搀 䌀漀洀戀愀琀 䄀攀爀椀愀氀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 ⠀唀䌀䄀嘀⤀⸀ 䘀甀爀琀栀攀爀洀漀爀攀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 椀猀 瀀氀愀挀攀搀 漀渀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 愀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 猀琀愀琀攀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 椀渀 愀 栀椀最栀氀礀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 愀椀爀猀瀀愀挀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 栀甀戀 ☀ 猀瀀漀欀攀Ⰰ 瀀漀椀渀琀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ瀀漀椀渀琀Ⰰ 氀漀渀最ⴀ栀愀甀氀Ⰰ 甀渀洀愀渀渀攀搀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ 最爀攀攀渀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 愀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 猀琀愀琀攀 眀栀攀爀攀 愀椀爀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀 愀 栀椀最栀 氀攀瘀攀氀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 猀愀昀攀琀礀⼀猀攀挀甀爀椀琀礀Ⰰ 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀 愀渀搀 挀漀猀琀 昀愀挀琀漀爀猀⸀  ਀匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀甀愀氀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀⼀瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 昀攀愀琀甀爀椀渀最 瘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 漀昀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 愀渀搀 愀椀爀猀瀀愀挀攀 爀攀ⴀ焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 猀洀愀爀琀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 猀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ愀爀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀愀氀礀猀攀猀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 椀洀瀀愀挀琀猀 漀渀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀愀昀攀琀礀⼀猀攀挀甀爀椀琀礀 椀猀猀甀攀猀⸀  · New algorithms for predicting vehicle loads and response using minimal vehicle state information. ਀뜀ऀ一漀瘀攀氀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀甀愀氀 搀攀猀椀最渀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀氀礀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀⼀愀椀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 猀洀愀爀琀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀 瘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀挀愀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀Ⰰ 猀甀椀琀愀戀氀攀 挀漀猀琀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀⸀  · Physics-based modeling and simulation tools of multiple vehicle classes and corresponding air-space operations aspects to support scenario-based planning and requirements definition of highly integrated vehicle/airspace concepts, including investigations of the potential use of vir-tual/immersive simulations on future engineering decision making processes. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀挀爀漀ⴀ猀挀愀氀攀 眀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 攀渀攀爀最礀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀ⴀ搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 氀愀爀最攀 愀爀爀愀礀猀 漀昀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀ⴀ攀洀戀攀搀搀攀搀 䴀䔀䴀匀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀⸀ · Miniaturized, robust sensor and/or diagnostic hardware for hypersonic vehicle applications, in-cluding in-stream, wall or nozzle flow measurements, suitable for subscale models in hypersonic wind tunnels and on subscale/full-size hypervelocity flight vehicles. Parameters of interest include temperature time histories (70< T < 3000 deg. F), heat flux, pressures, forces and moments (1 < q <1500 psf), skin-friction, species composition, velocity components and turbulent flow quantities. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀猀琀 挀愀猀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⼀琀攀猀琀 挀愀猀攀 琀爀愀挀攀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 琀攀猀琀 挀愀猀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 爀椀猀欀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 最爀漀眀琀栀 洀漀搀攀氀 漀爀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀 洀漀搀攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀漀搀攀氀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 爀攀愀猀漀渀椀渀最 漀瘀攀爀 攀愀爀氀礀 氀椀昀攀ⴀ挀礀挀氀攀 愀爀琀椀昀愀挀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 唀渀椀昀椀攀搀 䴀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 䰀愀渀最甀愀最攀 ⠀唀䴀䰀⤀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 昀漀爀洀愀氀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀爀愀挀攀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀⸀  · Static analysis, model checking, and runtime verification of adaptive systems. ਀뜀ऀ䰀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 栀漀眀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀 氀攀愀爀渀攀爀 椀猀 最椀瘀攀渀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀⸀ 刀攀氀攀ⴀ瘀愀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀最攀渀挀攀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀Ⰰ 渀漀瘀攀氀琀礀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀氀 搀愀琀愀 洀椀渀椀渀最⸀  · Guidance and control for fail-safe adaptivity under adverse and upset conditions, including inte-grated flight/structural/propulsion control, and/or for highly nonlinear and/or distributed systems. Relevant technologies and methods include detection, identification, and prediction of adverse and upset conditions, flight critical computer systems technologies that provide fail-safe operation, and analytical, simulation-based, and experimental validation methods for adaptive flight systems technologies. ਀ A7.02 Revolutionary Flight Concepts ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䐀䘀刀䌀  ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 琀攀猀琀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀 戀爀攀愀欀琀栀爀漀甀最栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀  concepts, technologies, and operations in the real flight environment. The emphasis of this subtopic is the ਀昀攀愀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀琀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 昀氀椀最栀琀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 漀爀  revolutionary methodologies, technologies, and concepts. It seeks advanced flight techniques, operations, ਀愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀洀椀猀攀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 氀攀愀瀀猀 椀渀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀愀昀攀琀礀Ⰰ 挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀ⴀ ity; and require a demonstration in the actual flight environment to fully characterize or validate. ਀ The scope of this subtopic is broad and includes advanced flight experiments that accelerate the under-standing and development of advanced technologies and unconventional operational concepts. Examples extend to (but are not limited to) such things as inflatable aerostructures (new designs or innovative appli-cations, new manufacturing methods, new materials, new in-flight inflation methods, new methods for analysis of inflation dynamics), innovative control surface effectors (micro surfaces, embedded boundary layer control effectors, microactuators), innovative engine designs for UAV aircraft, innovative approaches to structures, stability, control, and aerodynamics integration schemes, and innovative approaches to incor-poration of UAV operations into commercial airspace. This subtopic is intended to advance and demon-strate revolutionary concepts and is not intended to support evolutionary steps required in normal product development. Proposals should emphasize the need of flight testing a concept or technology as a necessary means of verifying or proving its worth. The benefit of this effort will ultimately be more efficient aero-space vehicles, increased flight safety (particularly during flight tests), and an increased understanding of the complex interactions between the vehicle or technology concept and the flight environment.਀ A7.03 Advanced Flight Platforms for Planetary Sciences ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䰀愀刀䌀  ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 眀椀氀氀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 昀氀椀最栀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀琀漀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀琀 䔀愀爀琀栀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 椀猀 漀渀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 愀攀爀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 愀攀爀漀栀攀愀琀椀渀最 挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 䄀㜀⸀　㄀⤀ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 渀攀眀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 琀漀 洀攀攀琀 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀猀 漀昀 攀洀攀爀最椀渀最 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀⸀  ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 · Innovative vehicle configurations (geometry, materials, instrument integration, deployable com-ponents) ਀뜀ऀ倀漀眀攀爀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 攀渀攀爀最礀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 ⠀猀漀氀愀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀ⴀ攀渀攀爀最礀 戀愀琀琀攀爀椀攀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀愀挀琀 昀甀攀氀 挀攀氀氀猀⤀  · Precision orientation control systems (accurate positioning and feedback of vehicle’s spatial atti-tude) ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 氀漀渀最ⴀ搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 昀氀椀最栀琀  · Propulsion systems (electric propulsion, advanced motor technologies) ਀뜀ऀ刀漀戀甀猀琀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀栀椀最栀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀 爀攀猀椀氀椀攀渀挀礀⤀  · System integration and performance (prototyping, testing, flight demonstration) ਀ Advanced science instruments and sensors (ground sensing, atmospheric analysis, astrophysics) ਀뜀ऀ匀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ洀愀猀猀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 ⠀洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀攀搀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀⤀  · Data storage and transmission ਀ ਀ ਀ 9.1.2 BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL RESEARCH਀ NASA’s Biological and Physical Research Enterprise conducts basic and applied research to support human exploration of space and to take advantage of the space environment as a laboratory. It creates unique cross-disciplinary research programs, bringing the basic sciences of physics, biology, and chemistry together with a wide range of engineering disciplines. This Enterprise asks questions that are basic to our future: How can human existence expand beyond the home planet to achieve maximum benefits from space? How do fundamental laws of nature shape the evolution of life?਀ http://SpaceResearch.nasa.gov ਀ TOPIC B1 Cross-Disciplinary Physical Sciences 80਀䈀㄀⸀　㄀ 䔀砀瀀氀漀椀琀椀渀最 䜀爀愀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䔀昀昀攀挀琀猀 昀漀爀 䌀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䘀氀甀椀搀猀Ⰰ 匀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 嘀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀ऀ㠀　 B1.02 Gravitational Effects on Biotechnology and Materials Sciences 80਀䈀㄀⸀　㌀ 䈀椀漀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 䔀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最ऀ㠀㈀ TOPIC B2 Fundamental Space Biology 84਀䈀㈀⸀　㄀ 唀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 愀渀搀 唀琀椀氀椀稀椀渀最 䜀爀愀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䔀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀渀 倀氀愀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 䄀渀椀洀愀氀猀ऀ㠀㐀 B2.02 Biological Instrumentation 85਀䈀㈀⸀　㌀ 唀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 愀渀搀 唀琀椀氀椀稀椀渀最 䜀爀愀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䔀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀渀 䴀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 䈀椀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 䴀攀搀椀挀愀氀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀ऀ㠀㘀 TOPIC B3 Biomedical and Human Support Research 87਀䈀㌀⸀　㄀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 匀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 䰀椀昀攀 匀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀ऀ㠀㜀 B3.02 Space Human Factors and Human Performance 89਀䈀㌀⸀　㌀ 䠀甀洀愀渀 䄀搀愀瀀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䌀漀甀渀琀攀爀洀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀ऀ㤀　 B3.04 Food and Galley 92਀䈀㌀⸀　㔀 䈀椀漀洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 刀☀䐀 漀昀 一漀渀椀渀瘀愀猀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 唀渀漀戀琀爀甀猀椀瘀攀 䴀攀搀椀挀愀氀 䐀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 䘀甀琀甀爀攀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 䌀爀攀眀猀ऀ㤀㌀ B3.06 Radiation Shielding to Protect Humans 94਀䈀㌀⸀　㜀 䈀椀漀洀愀猀猀 倀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 倀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀ऀ㤀㐀 B3.08 Software Architectures and Integrated Control Strategies for Advanced Life-Support Systems 96਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䈀㐀 倀愀爀琀渀攀爀猀栀椀瀀猀 愀渀搀 䴀愀爀欀攀琀 䐀爀椀瘀攀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀ऀ㤀㘀 B4.01 Space Commercialization 96਀䈀㐀⸀　㈀ 匀瀀愀挀攀 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 䤀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀ऀ㤀㠀 TOPIC B5 Biomolecular Systems, Devices and Technologies 99਀䈀㔀⸀　㄀ 䈀椀漀洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 匀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 䔀昀昀攀挀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 䤀洀愀最椀渀最ऀ㤀㤀 B5.02 Biosignatures, Signal Amplification, and Bioinformatics 100਀䈀㔀⸀　㌀ 一愀渀漀⼀儀甀愀渀琀甀洀 䐀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䴀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀 愀渀搀 䈀椀漀氀漀最礀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀ऀ㄀　㈀ B5.04 Nanoscale Self-Assembly using Biological Molecules 102਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䈀㘀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀 䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 匀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀ऀ㄀　㌀ B6.01 Telescience and Flight Payload Operations 103਀䈀㘀⸀　㈀ 䘀氀椀最栀琀 倀愀礀氀漀愀搀 䰀漀最椀猀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 倀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䌀爀攀眀 䄀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀ऀ㄀　㐀 TOPIC B7 Outreach 104਀䈀㜀⸀　㄀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 伀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 倀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 䤀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 倀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀ऀ㄀　㐀 B7.02 Innovative Methods of Outreach Analysis, Assessment, and Metrics Development 105਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䈀㄀ 䌀爀漀猀猀ⴀ䐀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀愀爀礀 倀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀  ਀吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 琀眀漀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 倀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䈀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 倀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 椀猀 琀漀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀 漀甀爀 栀漀洀攀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 最漀愀氀 椀猀 琀漀 挀爀攀愀琀攀 愀 洀漀爀攀 猀攀挀甀爀攀 眀漀爀氀搀 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀 戀礀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀渀最 椀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 愀最攀渀挀椀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 愀挀愀搀攀洀椀愀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 椀猀 琀漀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 愀渀搀 猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 氀椀昀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 最漀愀氀 椀猀 琀漀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀Ⰰ 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 琀愀欀攀 愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 椀洀瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 漀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀⸀ 䈀倀刀 愀氀猀漀 猀攀攀欀猀 琀漀 攀渀最愀最攀 琀栀攀 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀椀愀氀 猀攀挀琀漀爀 椀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀椀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀爀漀猀猀ⴀ搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀愀爀礀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀⸀ 䌀爀漀猀猀ⴀ搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀愀爀礀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀猀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀 漀昀 瘀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀漀氀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀⼀洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀  ਀䈀㄀⸀　㄀ 䔀砀瀀氀漀椀琀椀渀最 䜀爀愀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䔀昀昀攀挀琀猀 昀漀爀 䌀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䘀氀甀椀搀猀Ⰰ 匀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 嘀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀  Lead Center: GRC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀吀栀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 椀猀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀 渀攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 洀漀搀攀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 椀渀猀琀爀甀ⴀ洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 甀猀攀 椀渀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀⸀ ⠀䘀漀爀 䈀椀漀昀氀甀椀搀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀攀愀猀攀 猀攀攀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 䈀㄀⸀　㌀ 䈀椀漀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 䔀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最⸀⤀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ唀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 漀渀 昀氀甀椀搀 戀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀猀⸀  · Utilizing the mechanics of granular materials to determine how the reduced gravity environment affects transport and mixing of granular solids, with application to in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and more efficient terrestrial processes. ਀뜀ऀ倀漀漀氀 愀渀搀 昀氀漀眀 戀漀椀氀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 漀爀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 猀愀昀攀Ⰰ 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 栀攀愀琀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀  · Multiphase flow and fluid management to provide designers key information on controlling the location and dynamics of liquid-vapor interfaces in microgravity. This is needed for safe and reli-able fluid handling and transport in microgravity. ਀뜀ऀ唀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 漀渀 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀 戀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀猀⸀  · Measuring the residual accelerations on spacecraft or in ground-based low-gravity facilities. Em-phasis is placed on MEMS or nanoscale devices. ਀뜀ऀ䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀椀渀最 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 爀攀氀椀攀猀 漀渀 昀氀甀椀搀 漀爀 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀 瀀栀攀渀漀洀攀渀愀Ⰰ 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀氀礀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 昀椀爀攀 猀愀昀攀琀礀Ⰰ 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 昀椀爀攀 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀洀漀欀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀挀甀爀猀漀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀椀爀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 昀椀爀攀 猀甀瀀瀀爀攀猀ⴀ猀椀漀渀⸀  · Pollution reduction and improvement of the efficiency of liquid-fueled combustors. ਀뜀ऀ䌀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀最渀椀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 昀氀愀洀攀 猀瀀爀攀愀搀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Micropumps and microvalves; individual as well as simultaneous diagnostics for determining fluid movement through microscale devices for the aforementioned applications; and identifying spe-cific chemical or biological elements of interest. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀挀爀漀瀀漀眀攀爀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 洀椀挀爀漀挀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Microfluidics for fuel cells and other power systems. ਀ B1.02 Gravitational Effects on Biotechnology and Materials Sciences ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀一䄀匀䄀 栀愀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀氀甀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 漀渀 戀椀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 琀漀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀⸀ 䄀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 挀爀礀猀琀愀氀 最爀漀眀琀栀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀Ⰰ 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 戀椀漀洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 瀀漀氀礀洀攀爀椀挀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 愀渀搀 瀀栀漀琀漀渀椀挀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 洀攀琀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 愀氀氀漀礀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 最氀愀猀猀 愀渀搀 挀攀爀愀洀椀挀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 伀琀栀攀爀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 爀攀氀愀琀攀 琀漀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀爀氀攀猀猀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 椀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀琀愀琀椀漀渀 䜀氀漀瘀攀 䈀漀砀⸀ 䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀椀渀最 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 栀甀洀愀渀猀 琀漀 猀愀昀攀氀礀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 氀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 眀漀爀欀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀爀攀愀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀㨀  ਀䈀椀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀  · Advancement of the analysis of biological crystals. This may include crystallization robotics, dif-fraction data collection, and the study of crystalline defects. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 漀甀爀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 漀昀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 漀渀 攀砀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 戀椀漀ⴀ氀漀最椀挀愀氀 洀愀挀爀漀洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀⸀  · Research and development of techniques in the field of separations of biological material designed to improve our understanding of the effect of gravity on separation efficiency. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 琀栀攀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀栀椀瀀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 猀甀戀猀琀爀愀琀攀猀Ⰰ 琀椀猀猀甀攀 愀渀搀 挀攀氀氀 挀甀氀琀甀爀攀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀甀戀猀攀焀甀攀渀琀 挀攀氀氀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 攀砀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀椀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Development of high-throughput technologies for the determination of gene and protein expres-sion. ਀뜀ऀ䈀椀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 栀攀氀瀀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 猀愀昀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀 昀漀爀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀猀⸀  ਀䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀  · Novel concepts and materials for efficient radiation shielding during human exploration of space. The materials must be capable of attenuating galactic cosmic rays, solar particles, and secondary particles to acceptable limits. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀漀 栀椀最栀ⴀ氀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀 ⠀甀猀攀昀甀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 琀漀 䔀愀爀琀栀ⴀ戀漀甀渀搀 眀攀椀最栀琀⤀ 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 甀琀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 猀椀琀甀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀Ⰰ 戀漀琀栀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 攀渀攀爀最礀 昀漀爀 愀瀀ⴀ瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀愀昀攀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ猀甀猀琀愀椀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀攀氀昀ⴀ猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 愀 瀀攀爀洀愀渀攀渀琀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 漀渀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀⸀  · Development of techniques and processes that permit in-space fabrication of critical path compo-nents of future major projects. ਀뜀ऀ一攀眀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 甀琀椀氀椀稀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 渀愀渀漀洀攀琀攀爀 爀愀渀最攀 猀椀稀攀Ⰰ 栀愀瘀椀渀最 渀漀瘀攀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 栀椀最栀ⴀ猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ洀愀猀猀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀椀攀氀搀椀渀最⸀  · Innovations in polymers, composites, and other materials that incorporate sensory and self-repair technologies. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀ⴀ稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 椀渀 栀漀猀琀椀氀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Development of photonics materials of relevance to NASA’s mission, including anticipated needs in future space travel that will rely increasingly on automation, minimize power consumption, and accommodate increases in complexity within the limited vehicle habitat volume and mass. Photon-ics devices of interest include those inherently less susceptible than electronics to electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure and those having unique capabilities with regard to parallel data processing. Nonlinear optics, in particular, can play a pivotal role in space communications, remote sensing, engine performance characterization, synthetic vision, rendezvous and docking, laser propulsion, biophotonics, solar cell development, autonomous robotic manipulation, and rover exploration. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀爀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 氀攀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀爀氀攀猀猀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 漀昀 洀漀氀琀攀渀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 甀渀椀昀漀爀洀 栀攀愀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 甀渀椀ⴀ昀漀爀洀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀㬀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀攀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 氀攀瘀椀琀愀琀攀搀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 椀渀 愀 最愀猀攀漀甀猀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀㬀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 攀氀椀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀昀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 爀漀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀氀攀猀猀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀㬀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀洀椀猀猀椀瘀椀琀礀 漀昀 瀀甀爀攀 洀攀琀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀氀氀漀礀猀Ⰰ 漀砀椀搀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀攀爀愀洀椀挀猀㬀 愀渀搀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 眀漀爀欀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 漀瘀攀爀 愀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀⸀  · Development of materials processing furnace technology that can operate with the limited re-sources of the Space Station Glovebox to support experiments of particular interest to NASA. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 昀甀爀渀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 ⠀琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀ 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 猀琀愀琀甀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀椀渀最 琀栀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀✀猀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 爀攀搀甀挀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀猀 漀渀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀㬀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 最椀瘀攀渀 琀漀 攀砀琀攀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 甀猀攀昀甀氀 氀椀昀攀 漀昀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀 昀漀爀 漀渀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀 爀攀挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀昀甀爀戀椀猀栀洀攀渀琀⼀爀攀瀀氀愀挀攀洀攀渀琀⸀  · Microgravity furnace and experiment thermal technology such as improved insulation for mini-mizing power, volume, mass and complexity; improved high temperature thermal interface materials for transferring the heat into and out of the sample and furnace components (which move or be stationary relative to each other); heating and cooling approaches that enhance safety, sci-ence and resource utilization. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀洀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀洀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 猀愀昀攀Ⰰ 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 挀漀渀ⴀ琀愀椀渀洀攀渀琀 眀栀椀氀攀 攀渀栀愀渀挀椀渀最 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 爀攀琀甀爀渀 愀渀搀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀猀 漀渀 昀甀爀渀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 搀攀猀椀最渀⸀  ਀䈀㄀⸀　㌀ 䈀椀漀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 䔀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最  Lead Center: GRC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䄀刀䌀Ⰰ 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀一䄀匀䄀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀攀猀 琀栀攀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 爀漀氀攀 琀栀愀琀 昀氀甀椀搀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀Ⰰ 愀氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀椀爀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀愀礀 椀渀 洀愀渀礀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 攀瘀攀渀琀猀⸀ 䄀 眀椀搀攀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀愀琀攀最漀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 瀀栀礀猀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 挀攀氀氀甀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 戀椀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀猀 琀漀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀 渀攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀 漀昀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 洀漀搀攀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 甀猀攀 椀渀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀 ਀䴀椀挀爀漀ⴀ伀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 䤀渀琀攀爀搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀愀爀礀 ☀ 䈀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀  Micro- and nano-optical technologies are sought for the measurement and manipulation of Space Station and long-duration mission experiments, and for monitoring and managing astronaut health and the health of structures and systems affecting astronauts' environments. Areas of innovative technology development include: ਀ · Diagnostic methods to assess the performance of labs-on-a-chip, including detecting the presence of bubbles and particles and removing or characterizing them.਀뜀ऀ䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 昀氀甀椀搀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀氀氀礀 爀攀猀漀氀瘀攀搀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 猀琀愀琀攀 瘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀猀⸀  · Optically-based biomimetics for self-aware, self-reconfiguring measurement systems.਀뜀ऀ䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀猀琀爀漀渀愀甀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀猀琀爀漀渀愀甀琀猀✀ 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Wireless communication for the transmission and detection of sensor data, Wireless power deliv-ery for sensors and health systems. ਀뜀ऀ伀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 猀椀最渀愀氀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀ⴀ猀椀漀渀⸀ · Technologies enabling optically-based mobile sensor platforms for detection and maintenance, using optical sensing, control, power, and/or communication.਀ Biological Fluid Mechanics (Biofluids) ਀䈀椀漀昀氀甀椀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀氀甀椀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 椀猀 愀 渀攀眀 愀爀攀愀 漀昀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 一䄀匀䄀✀猀 伀昀昀椀挀攀 漀昀 䈀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 倀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀⸀ 䘀氀甀椀搀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 瀀氀愀礀 愀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 爀漀氀攀 椀渀 洀愀渀礀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀⸀ 䄀渀 愀搀攀焀甀愀琀攀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 甀渀搀攀爀氀礀椀渀最 昀氀甀椀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀 瀀栀攀渀漀洀攀渀愀 挀愀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 渀攀眀 椀渀猀椀最栀琀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀渀愀氀礀稀椀渀最 愀渀搀 搀攀猀椀最渀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀✀猀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 洀漀搀椀昀椀攀猀 瘀愀猀挀甀氀愀爀 昀氀甀椀搀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 愀 猀栀漀爀琀 琀椀洀攀 猀挀愀氀攀Ⰰ 搀甀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 氀漀猀猀 漀昀 栀礀搀爀漀猀琀愀琀椀挀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀渀 愀 氀漀渀最攀爀 琀椀洀攀 猀挀愀氀攀Ⰰ 搀甀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀栀椀昀琀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀挀攀氀氀甀氀愀爀 昀氀漀眀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 昀氀甀椀搀 猀栀椀昀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 洀漀搀椀昀礀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 戀漀搀礀⸀ 䘀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 洀漀搀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀氀漀眀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 猀琀爀攀猀猀攀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 戀氀漀漀搀 瘀攀猀猀攀氀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 洀漀搀椀昀礀 瘀愀猀挀甀氀愀爀 攀渀搀漀琀栀攀ⴀ氀椀愀氀 挀攀氀氀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀洀攀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 洀愀礀 戀攀 搀攀琀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀 椀渀 氀漀渀最ⴀ琀攀爀洀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀⸀ 䘀甀爀琀栀攀爀洀漀爀攀Ⰰ 爀攀椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 挀愀甀猀攀猀 氀愀爀最攀ⴀ猀挀愀氀攀 昀氀甀椀搀 猀栀椀昀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀漀搀礀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀 椀渀昀氀甀攀渀挀攀 挀愀爀搀椀愀挀 漀甀琀瀀甀琀 愀渀搀 椀渀搀甀挀攀 昀愀椀渀琀渀攀猀猀⸀ 匀琀甀搀椀攀猀 漀昀 洀愀挀爀漀ⴀ 愀渀搀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ猀挀愀氀攀 戀椀漀昀氀甀椀搀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀愀猀挀甀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 琀漀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀栀礀猀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 攀瘀攀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀㨀 ਀뜀ऀ匀琀甀搀椀攀猀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 昀氀甀椀搀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀攀攀欀 愀渀猀眀攀爀猀 琀漀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀猀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 漀昀 氀漀渀最ⴀ琀攀爀洀 攀砀瀀漀猀甀爀攀 琀漀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 漀渀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀栀礀猀椀漀氀漀最礀⸀ · Understanding the role of fluid physics and transport phenomena in the "fluid shift" observed in the human body when exposed to prolonged microgravity.਀뜀ऀ唀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 爀漀氀攀 昀氀甀椀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 瀀氀愀礀猀 椀渀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀栀礀猀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 挀愀爀搀椀漀瘀愀猀挀甀ⴀ氀愀爀 昀氀漀眀猀 愀渀搀 椀琀猀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 漀渀 愀爀琀攀爀椀漀猀挀氀攀爀漀猀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀甀氀洀漀渀愀爀礀 昀氀漀眀猀 愀渀搀 愀猀琀栀洀愀⸀ · Use of the above knowledge to develop effective countermeasures. ਀ BioMicroFluidics ਀䴀愀渀礀 戀椀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 渀攀攀搀 洀愀渀椀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀氀甀椀搀猀 洀漀瘀椀渀最 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 洀椀挀爀漀 挀栀愀渀渀攀氀猀⸀ 䄀猀 愀 爀攀猀甀氀琀Ⰰ 洀椀挀爀漀昀氀甀椀搀椀挀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀爀攀 戀攀挀漀洀椀渀最 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最氀礀 甀猀攀昀甀氀 昀漀爀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀⼀戀椀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 匀椀渀挀攀 挀愀瀀椀氀氀愀爀礀 昀漀爀挀攀猀 挀愀渀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 昀氀漀眀 愀琀 琀栀椀猀 猀挀愀氀攀Ⰰ 愀 猀琀爀漀渀最 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀椀琀礀 眀椀琀栀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 昀氀漀眀猀 攀砀椀猀琀猀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ唀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 昀氀甀椀搀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀猀 甀渀搀攀爀氀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 洀椀挀爀漀昀氀甀椀搀椀挀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 挀爀甀挀椀愀氀 琀漀 琀栀攀椀爀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀搀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ · Tools for prediction, measurement, and control of fluid flow in microchannels and microchannel network. ਀ Models of Cellular Behavior਀吀栀攀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀猀琀 氀椀瘀椀渀最 挀攀氀氀 椀猀 猀漀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 琀栀愀琀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 洀愀礀 渀攀瘀攀爀 戀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 瀀攀爀昀攀挀琀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀琀猀 戀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 攀瘀攀渀 椀洀瀀攀爀昀攀挀琀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 猀栀愀欀攀 琀栀攀 瘀攀爀礀 昀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 圀攀 愀爀攀 渀漀眀 愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀漀椀渀琀 眀栀攀爀攀 眀攀 挀愀渀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 漀昀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀Ⰰ 挀攀氀氀甀氀愀爀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀ⴀ琀愀氀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀搀 琀漀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 爀攀猀甀氀琀 椀渀 愀渀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 儀甀愀渀琀椀琀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 漀昀 挀攀氀氀甀氀愀爀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ一攀眀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 漀昀 氀愀爀最攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀 漀昀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀搀 爀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀猀 椀渀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀洀漀渀最 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 漀昀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀愀ⴀ琀椀瘀攀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 漀昀 挀攀氀氀甀氀愀爀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀⸀  · Development of models to form the basis of tools to aid in optimization of existing biological sys-tems and design of new ones, enabling engineers to evolve biological systems by rounds of variation and selection for any function they choose. ਀ Functional Imagery਀刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀渀 漀爀戀椀琀 栀愀猀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 愀昀昀攀挀琀猀 琀栀攀 猀欀攀氀攀琀愀氀Ⰰ 挀愀爀搀椀漀瘀愀猀挀甀氀愀爀 愀渀搀 椀洀洀甀渀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀漀搀礀⸀ 䘀攀眀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 搀愀琀攀 攀砀愀洀椀渀攀搀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀 搀甀攀 琀漀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 愀琀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 琀栀攀 挀攀氀氀甀氀愀爀 漀爀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 猀挀愀氀攀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 琀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀 猀攀攀欀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 氀攀愀搀 琀漀 愀渀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 椀洀愀最攀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀椀渀最 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀琀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 氀攀渀最琀栀 猀挀愀氀攀⸀ 䄀氀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 愀渀搀 洀愀猀猀 挀漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀猀 漀昀 漀爀戀椀琀愀氀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 䔀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 渀漀瘀攀氀 昀氀甀漀爀漀瀀栀漀爀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀愀最 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀 洀攀搀椀愀琀椀渀最 挀攀氀氀甀氀愀爀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 琀栀漀猀攀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 攀砀挀椀琀攀搀 甀猀椀渀最 猀漀氀椀搀ⴀ猀琀愀琀攀 氀愀猀攀爀猀⸀  · Systems that can simultaneously image multiple fluorophores following different processes at standard video frame rates. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀爀攀攀ⴀ搀椀洀攀渀猀椀漀渀愀氀 椀洀愀最攀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀⸀  · Imaging hardware that can follow a metabolic process in a turbulent system. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀愀挀琀 琀甀渀渀攀氀椀渀最 漀爀 攀瘀愀渀攀猀挀攀渀琀 眀愀瘀攀 洀椀挀爀漀猀挀漀瀀攀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 猀挀愀渀渀椀渀最 焀甀椀挀欀氀礀 攀渀漀甀最栀 琀漀 昀漀氀氀漀眀 洀攀琀愀戀漀氀椀挀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀⸀ ਀唀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 䰀椀瘀椀渀最 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 吀栀爀漀甀最栀 䴀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 䘀氀甀椀搀 倀栀礀猀椀挀猀 Developing strategies for long-duration space flight requires an understanding of the effects of the micro-gravity environment on biological processes. Interdisciplinary fundamental and applied research is required in biology, physiology, and microbiology to human, plant and microbial systems from the standpoint of physics. Of particular interest are studies that develop theoretical, numerical and/or experimental under-standing of the effects of acceleration, radiation and other factors in microgravity environments on these systems. Exploring the effects of Martian and lunar gravity and the quasi-steady, oscillatory and transient accelerations that are typical of a space laboratory are of great interest, as well as fundamental studies of acceleration sensitivity. The knowledge obtained should contribute to related agency activities, such as the disinfection of water systems, development of self-sustaining ecosystems, treatment of bacterial infection in space, and optimal growth of plants as a food source. Moreover, we expect that the knowledge and technologies derived will also provide ground-based economic and societal benefits. Major research disciplines include the heat, mass and fluid transport in: microbiology, plant and human physiology, hematology, drug delivery systems. Innovations are sought in the following areas: ਀ · Delineation of the effects of acceleration and radiation at the macro- and microscale levels on processes such as bacterial growth, growth rates, resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants, inter-actions among microbes, microbial locomotion and interaction with the surrounding fluid or solid medium, transport through cell membranes, electro-osmotic flows, and cytoplasmic streaming, as well as quantification of metabolic processes and other phenomena that permit the examination of these problems. ਀뜀ऀ䴀愀猀猀Ⰰ 洀漀洀攀渀琀甀洀 愀渀搀 攀渀攀爀最礀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀 椀渀 瀀氀愀渀琀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀 漀昀 渀甀琀爀椀攀渀琀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 瀀漀爀漀甀猀 猀甀戀猀琀爀愀琀攀猀 琀漀 瀀氀愀渀琀 爀漀漀琀猀⸀  · Effects of bulk fluid flows on biofilms and liposome formation. ਀뜀ऀ吀爀愀渀猀攀渀搀漀琀栀攀氀椀愀氀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀⸀  · Improved techniques for mixing and separation in microgravity. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀挀爀漀ⴀ 漀爀 渀愀渀漀猀挀愀氀攀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 漀昀 昀氀甀椀搀 昀氀漀眀猀 愀渀搀 洀愀猀猀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 昀漀爀 搀爀甀最 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Development of flexible numerical models to complement experimental and theoretical studies, which may require adaptive mesh refinement, micro/macroscale modeling, and/or treatment of moving boundaries. ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䈀㈀ 䘀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䈀椀漀氀漀最礀  ਀吀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 琀漀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 愀渀搀 猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 氀椀昀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 琀栀攀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 䤀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 栀漀眀 氀椀昀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 爀漀氀攀 漀昀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀⸀ 䤀琀 愀氀猀漀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 琀栀攀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀椀渀最 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 渀愀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀礀 最椀瘀攀 爀椀猀攀 琀漀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀椀琀礀Ⰰ 甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 氀漀眀ⴀ最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 䘀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 猀瀀愀挀攀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀 椀猀 一䄀匀䄀✀猀 䄀最攀渀挀礀ⴀ眀椀搀攀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 猀琀甀搀礀 漀昀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 最爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀猀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 昀漀爀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀栀愀琀㨀 ⠀㄀⤀ 䔀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 洀愀欀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 漀甀爀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀㬀 ⠀㈀⤀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀猀 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 昀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 愀 猀愀昀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀瘀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀漀爀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀㬀 ⠀㌀⤀ 䄀瀀瀀氀椀攀猀 琀栀椀猀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 漀甀爀 一愀琀椀漀渀✀猀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀 漀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀⸀ 䜀爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 愀渀搀 昀氀椀最栀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀猀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀攀搀 漀渀 愀 戀爀漀愀搀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀甀洀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 挀攀氀氀 愀渀搀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀愀氀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 愀昀昀攀挀琀猀 眀栀漀氀攀 漀爀最愀渀ⴀ椀猀洀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  ਀䈀㈀⸀　㄀ 唀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 愀渀搀 唀琀椀氀椀稀椀渀最 䜀爀愀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䔀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀渀 倀氀愀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 䄀渀椀洀愀氀猀  Lead Center: ARC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䬀匀䌀 ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 愀爀攀愀 昀漀挀甀猀攀猀 漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 䘀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 䈀椀漀氀漀最礀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 椀渀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 漀渀 瀀氀愀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 愀渀椀洀愀氀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀猀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 眀愀礀猀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀愀爀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀椀爀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 琀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀⸀ 吀漀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀猀 戀漀琀栀 最爀漀甀渀搀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀漀氀攀 漀昀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 漀渀 瀀氀愀渀琀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀ⴀ椀渀最Ⰰ 洀攀愀猀甀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀渀椀瀀甀氀愀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀猀 漀昀 瀀氀愀渀琀猀 琀漀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 瘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀猀⸀ 䄀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䴀攀愀猀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 愀渀搀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀椀渀最 琀栀攀 氀椀最栀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 渀甀琀爀椀攀渀琀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 瀀氀愀渀琀猀⸀  · Storage, transportation, maintenance, and in situ analyses of seeds and growing plants. ਀뜀ऀ匀攀渀猀漀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 氀漀眀 洀愀猀猀 琀漀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 琀栀攀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 愀渀搀 眀愀琀攀爀 ⠀渀甀琀爀椀ⴀ攀渀琀⤀ 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 搀愀琀愀 氀漀最最椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀爀猀 琀漀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 爀攀猀瀀椀爀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀眀栀漀氀攀 瀀氀愀渀琀Ⰰ 猀栀漀漀琀Ⰰ 爀漀漀琀⤀Ⰰ 攀瘀愀瀀漀琀爀愀渀猀瀀椀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀栀漀琀漀猀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 瘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀猀 椀渀 瀀氀愀渀琀猀⸀  · Data analysis and control. ਀뜀ऀ䴀漀搀甀氀愀爀 猀攀攀搀椀渀最 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 瀀氀愀渀琀椀渀最 甀渀椀琀猀 琀漀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 氀愀戀漀爀⸀  · Sensors for atmospheric, liquid and solid analyses, including atmospheric and liquid contaminants such as ethylene and other biogenic compounds as well as analyses of hydroponic and solid media for N, P, K, Cu, Mg and micronutrients. ਀뜀ऀ刀攀洀漀琀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 琀漀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 猀琀爀攀猀猀⸀  · Expert control systems for environmental chambers. ਀ The improved understanding of the role of gravity on animals requires innovative instrumentation which tracks and analyzes from organism development, including gametogenesis through fertilization, embryonic development and maturation, through ecological system stability. Technologies may incorporate a variety of processes such as metabolism and metabolic control, through genetic expression and the control of development. Of particular interest are technologies that require minimal power and can non-invasively measure physical, chemical, metabolical and development parameters. Such measurements will ultimately be made in environments at one or more of several gravity ranges, e.g., "microgravity" (.01 to .000001 g), "planetary" gravity (1 g (Earth); 0.38 g (Mars) or 0.12 g (Moon)) or hypergravity (up to 2 g). But, refined and stable measurements are as important as gravity independence. Of interest are sustained instrument sensitivity, accuracy and stability, and reductions in the need for frequent measurement standardization. Parameters requiring measurement include pH, temperature, pressure, ionic strength, gas concentration (O2, CO2, CO, etc.), and solute concentration (e.g., Na+, K+, etc.). In the case of new techniques and instru-ments, a clear path toward miniaturization, reduction in power demands and increased space worthiness should be identified. Technologies applicable to plant, microorganism, and animal study applications include: ਀ · Expert data management systems ਀뜀ऀ䌀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀瀀攀挀椀洀攀渀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 洀愀渀椀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀猀攀挀琀椀漀渀  · Video-image analysis for specimen (cell, animal, plant) health and maintenance ਀뜀ऀ匀攀渀猀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 洀椀挀爀漀戀椀愀氀 漀爀最愀渀椀猀洀猀  · Electrophysiology sensors, biotelemetry systems and biological monitors carried on spacecraft ਀ B2.02 Biological Instrumentation ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䄀刀䌀 Participating Center(s): JPL ਀ The Fundamental Biology Program (FB) is the Agency lead for biological research and biological instru-mentation/technology development, and focuses on research designed to develop our understanding of the role of gravity in the evolution, development, and function of biological processes. Increasingly, the research thrusts are directed at incorporating the most advanced technologies from the fields of cell and molecular biology, genomics, and biotechnology, to provide researchers with the most up-to-date methods to conduct their biological research. For these requirements, the capability to perform autonomous, in situ acquisition, preparation and analysis of samples to determine the presence and composition of biological components is a highly desired objective. As the size of flight payloads becomes increasingly smaller, and information technologies permit smarter and more independent payload and device control and manage-ment, the realization of completely autonomous in situ biological laboratories (ISBL) on spacecraft platforms and planetary surfaces will become more desirable.਀ Biological and biomolecular/microbiological/genomic research is enabling unprecedented insight into the structure and function of cells, organisms, and sub-cellular components and elements, and a window into the inner workings and machinations of living things. Techniques and technologies which have evolved from the microelectronics and biological revolutions have permitted the emergence of a new class of instruments and devices. Many devices, techniques, and products are now available or emerging, which allow measurement, imaging, analysis, and interpretation of the biological composition at the molecular level, and which permit determination of DNA/RNA and other analytes of interest. Advances in informa-tion systems and technologies, and bioinformatics, provide the capability to understand, simulate, and interpret the large amounts of complex data being made available from these biological-physical hybrid systems. These synergistic relationships are facilitating the development of revolutionary technologies in many areas. ਀ Biological instrumentation technologies to support Fundamental Biology objectives are grouped into the following solicited categories: ਀ · Biological Sample Management and Handling - Technologies for remote, automated biosample and biospecimen collection, handling, preservation/fixation, and processing. Modular, embeddable systems and subsystems capable of supporting a variety of tissue, liquid, and/or cellular speci-mens, from a wide range of biological subjects, including cells, nematodes, plants, fish, avians, mice, rats, and humans. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀 猀椀琀甀 䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 ⴀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 猀椀最渀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 戀椀漀ⴀ琀攀氀攀洀攀琀爀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 昀漀爀 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 瀀栀攀渀漀洀ⴀ攀渀愀⸀  · Genomics Technologies - Technologies to enhance and augment research in genomics, pro-teomics, cell and molecular biology, including molecular and nanotechnologies, cDNA arrays, gene array technologies, and cell culture and related habitat systems. ਀뜀ऀ䈀椀漀ⴀ䤀洀愀最椀渀最 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀ⴀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀Ⰰ 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 瘀椀猀甀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀洀愀最椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 洀甀氀琀椀搀椀洀攀渀猀椀漀渀愀氀 昀氀甀漀爀攀猀挀攀渀琀 洀椀挀爀漀猀ⴀ挀漀瀀礀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀猀挀漀瀀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ 愀渀搀 栀礀瀀攀爀猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 椀洀愀最椀渀最⸀  · Biological Information Processing - Capability for automated acquisition, processing, analysis, communication, and archival and retrieval of biological data, and interface/transfer to advanced bioinformatics and biocomputation systems. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 䈀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 匀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⴀ 䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀⼀猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 戀椀漀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瀀爀漀琀漀琀礀瀀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀 昀椀瘀攀 挀愀琀攀最漀爀椀攀猀⸀  ਀䈀㈀⸀　㌀ 唀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 愀渀搀 唀琀椀氀椀稀椀渀最 䜀爀愀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䔀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀渀 䴀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 䈀椀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 䴀攀搀椀挀愀氀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀  Lead Center: JSC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䄀刀䌀  ਀䴀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 愀氀氀漀眀猀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 最爀愀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀渀 挀攀氀氀 愀渀搀 琀椀猀猀甀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 戀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀 渀漀瘀攀氀 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 挀甀氀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 渀甀爀琀甀爀攀 挀攀氀氀猀 愀渀搀 琀椀猀猀甀攀猀⸀ 䄀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 洀愀渀椀瀀甀氀愀琀攀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 攀砀瀀氀漀椀琀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀 愀渀搀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 氀椀瘀椀渀最 挀攀氀氀猀 愀渀搀 琀椀猀猀甀攀猀 栀愀猀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 琀漀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀 漀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀 愀渀搀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 渀漀瘀攀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 渀攀眀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀攀搀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 洀愀礀 氀攀愀搀 琀漀 渀攀眀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 洀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀 愀渀搀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 䌀甀爀爀攀渀琀 猀瀀愀挀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 渀攀眀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 瀀甀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 氀椀瘀椀渀最 挀攀氀氀猀㬀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 戀椀漀爀攀愀挀琀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 挀甀氀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 昀爀愀最椀氀攀 挀攀氀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 戀椀漀洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 挀愀渀挀攀爀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀㬀 琀椀猀猀甀攀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀愀欀攀 愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀 漀昀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 琀漀 最爀漀眀 ㌀ⴀ䐀 琀椀猀猀甀攀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀猀㬀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 搀爀甀最猀 愀渀搀 戀椀漀洀漀搀甀氀愀琀漀爀猀 漀渀 最爀漀眀琀栀 愀渀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀漀氀ⴀ漀最礀 漀昀 渀漀爀洀愀氀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀昀漀爀洀攀搀 挀攀氀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 洀攀愀猀甀爀椀渀最 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 挀攀氀氀甀氀愀爀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀椀挀 椀洀洀甀渀攀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 瀀栀礀猀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 猀琀爀攀猀猀⸀ 䈀椀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀氀猀漀 愀爀攀 戀攀椀渀最 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 昀漀爀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ最 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ一攀眀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 挀甀氀琀甀爀椀渀最 洀愀洀洀愀氀椀愀渀 挀攀氀氀猀 椀渀 戀椀漀爀攀愀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 戀椀漀爀攀愀挀琀漀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 愀渀搀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 瀀䠀Ⰰ 漀砀礀最攀渀Ⰰ 挀愀爀戀漀渀ⴀ搀椀漀砀椀搀攀Ⰰ 最氀甀挀漀猀攀Ⰰ 洀攀琀愀戀漀氀椀琀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀椀挀爀漀瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀漀爀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀攀爀猀⸀  · Methods for separation and purification of living cells, proteins and biomaterials, especially those using electrokinetic or magnetic fields that obviate thermal convection and sedimentation, enhance phase partitioning, or use laser light and other force fields to manipulate target cells or biomate-rials. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 漀爀 愀瀀瀀愀爀愀琀甀猀 昀漀爀 洀愀挀爀漀洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 洀攀洀戀爀愀渀攀猀Ⰰ 戀椀漀瀀漀氀礀洀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 戀椀漀瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀㬀 戀椀漀挀漀洀瀀愀琀椀戀氀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 椀洀瀀氀愀渀琀愀戀氀攀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 搀椀愀最渀漀猀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 椀渀 瘀椀瘀漀 瀀栀礀猀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 洀椀ⴀ挀爀漀瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀漀爀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 瀀爀漀猀琀栀攀琀椀挀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀⸀  · Methods and apparatus which allow microscopic imaging and biophysical measurements of cell functions, effects of electric or magnetic fields, photoactivation, and testing of drugs or biocom-patible polymers on live tissues. ਀뜀ऀ儀甀愀渀琀椀琀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 昀氀甀漀爀攀猀挀攀渀挀攀 椀洀愀最攀 愀渀搀 昀氀漀眀 挀礀琀漀洀攀琀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 渀攀眀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 挀攀氀氀 洀攀琀愀戀漀氀椀猀洀Ⰰ 挀礀琀漀最攀渀攀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 椀洀洀甀渀攀 挀攀氀氀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 䐀一䄀Ⰰ 刀一䄀Ⰰ 漀最氀椀漀渀甀挀氀攀漀琀椀搀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀琀爀愀挀攀氀氀甀氀愀爀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀Ⰰ 猀攀挀爀攀琀漀爀礀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀礀琀漀欀椀渀攀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀攀氀氀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 爀攀ⴀ挀攀瀀琀漀爀猀⸀  · Microencapsulation of drugs, radiocontrast agents, crystals, and development of novel drug deliv-ery systems wherein immiscible liquid interactions, electrostatic coating methods, and drug release kinetics from microcapsules or liposomes can be altered under microgravity to better understand and improve manufacturing processes on Earth. This includes methods for improving the con-trolled release from transdermal drug devices, iontophoresis, controlled hyperthermia and new drug delivery systems for inhalation and intranasal administration. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 戀椀漀瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀氀氀漀眀 昀漀爀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 瀀愀ⴀ爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 氀漀眀ⴀ氀攀瘀攀氀 昀氀甀椀搀 猀栀攀愀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀Ⰰ 瀀䠀Ⰰ 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 昀椀攀氀搀猀 愀渀搀 渀愀爀爀漀眀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 氀椀最栀琀 昀漀爀 昀氀甀漀爀攀猀挀攀渀挀攀 漀爀 瀀栀漀琀漀愀挀琀椀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Low-temperature sample storage (-80oC) and biological sample preservation methods. ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䈀㌀ 䈀椀漀洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 䠀甀洀愀渀 匀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀  ਀一䄀匀䄀 栀愀猀 琀栀攀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 最漀愀氀 琀漀 攀砀琀攀渀搀 琀栀攀 搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 戀漀甀渀搀愀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 琀漀 挀爀攀愀琀攀 渀攀眀 漀瀀瀀漀爀琀甀渀椀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 渀愀洀攀氀礀㨀 ⠀㄀⤀ 唀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀栀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 爀椀猀欀猀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀Ⰰ ⠀㈀⤀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 氀椀昀攀ⴀ猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀㬀 ⠀㌀⤀ 刀攀猀漀氀瘀攀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 氀漀眀ⴀ最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 愀昀昀攀挀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 琀爀愀瘀攀氀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 氀漀眀ⴀ䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀㬀 ⠀㐀⤀ 䐀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 愀 瀀攀爀洀愀渀攀渀琀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 氀漀眀ⴀ䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀 ⠀䰀䔀伀⤀ 愀猀 愀 猀琀攀瀀瀀椀渀最 猀琀漀渀攀 琀漀 愀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 䰀䔀伀㬀 ⠀㔀⤀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 琀漀 椀渀昀漀爀洀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀猀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 椀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 愀渀搀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀ⴀ愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 最漀愀氀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 戀椀漀洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 栀甀洀愀渀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀漀 攀渀猀甀爀攀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀氀琀栀Ⰰ 猀愀昀攀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀猀 氀椀瘀椀渀最 愀渀搀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 䤀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 氀椀昀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 愀 栀攀愀氀琀栀礀 愀椀爀 愀渀搀 眀愀琀攀爀 猀甀瀀瀀氀礀Ⰰ 昀漀漀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀爀攀眀 椀渀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 甀氀琀爀愀ⴀ氀漀渀最 搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 挀愀爀攀Ⰰ 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀椀攀氀搀椀渀最 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀渀最 栀甀洀愀渀猀 椀渀 搀攀攀瀀 猀瀀愀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 昀愀挀琀漀爀猀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀⸀  ਀䈀㌀⸀　㄀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 匀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 䰀椀昀攀 匀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀  Lead Center: JSC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䄀刀䌀Ⰰ 䨀倀䰀Ⰰ 䬀匀䌀Ⰰ 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 氀椀昀攀ⴀ猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 氀椀昀攀ⴀ猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 洀甀猀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀愀猀猀 戀愀氀愀渀挀攀 挀氀漀猀甀爀攀 琀漀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 氀漀最椀猀琀椀挀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀洀漀琀攀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀⸀ 刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 猀愀昀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀渀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ 愀渀搀 瀀愀爀琀椀愀氀ⴀ最爀愀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 洀椀渀椀洀愀氀 甀猀攀 漀昀 攀砀瀀攀渀搀愀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 攀愀猀攀 漀昀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀漀眀ⴀ猀礀猀琀攀洀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀Ⰰ 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀Ⰰ 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 椀渀 愀氀氀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 爀攀最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 戀愀猀椀挀 氀椀昀攀ⴀ猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 愀椀爀 爀攀瘀椀琀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀愀琀攀爀 爀攀挀氀愀洀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀愀猀琀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀猀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 挀漀猀琀ⴀ攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 漀昀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 瀀愀爀琀椀愀氀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 漀渀 琀栀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 氀椀昀攀ⴀ猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀猀攀 氀漀渀最ⴀ搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 爀攀最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 氀椀昀攀ⴀ猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀搀⸀ 倀栀愀猀攀ⴀ䤀 瀀爀漀漀昀 漀昀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 氀攀愀搀 琀漀 倀栀愀猀攀ⴀ䤀䤀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 愀 氀椀昀攀ⴀ猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 琀攀猀琀 戀攀搀⸀ 䔀昀昀漀爀琀猀 愀爀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ琀攀爀洀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 爀愀渀最椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀渀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 䴀愀爀猀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀猀 昀漀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 瘀漀氀甀洀攀Ⰰ 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 氀漀最椀猀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀爀攀眀 琀椀洀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀猀 琀栀攀礀 爀攀氀愀琀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀⸀ 䄀爀攀愀猀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀  ਀䄀椀爀 刀攀瘀椀琀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 Oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and trace gas contaminant concentration, separation, and control techniques for space vehicle applications (space shuttle, ISS, transit vehicle) and long-duration planetary mission applications. ਀ · Separation of carbon dioxide from a mixture primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor to maintain carbon dioxide concentrations below 0.3 percent by volume. ਀뜀ऀ吀栀攀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 漀砀礀最攀渀 昀爀漀洀 挀愀爀戀漀渀 搀椀漀砀椀搀攀 眀椀琀栀 猀漀洀攀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 愀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 琀漀 搀攀愀氀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 戀礀ⴀ瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀Ⰰ 椀昀 愀渀礀Ⰰ 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀Ⰰ 欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 椀渀 洀椀渀搀 琀栀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀渀搀愀戀氀攀猀 最漀愀氀猀⸀  · Removal of trace contaminant gases from cabin air and/or other system (e.g., water reclamation, waste management, etc.) using advanced regenerable sorbent materials, improved oxidation tech-niques, or other methods. ਀뜀ऀ䄀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀攀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 漀昀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 愀渀搀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 最愀猀攀猀 琀漀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 洀愀猀猀 愀渀搀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 猀愀昀攀琀礀⸀ 嬀䌀漀洀瀀愀爀攀 琀漀 㐀㌀　　 瀀猀椀愀 琀愀渀欀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 眀椀琀栀 愀 眀攀椀最栀琀 瀀攀渀愀氀琀礀 漀昀 　⸀㔀㘀 氀戀洀 漀昀 琀愀渀欀 眀攀椀最栀琀 瀀攀爀 氀戀洀 漀昀 渀椀琀爀漀最攀渀 最愀猀 猀琀漀爀攀搀崀⸀  · Novel approaches to integrating atmosphere revitalization processes to achieve energy and logis-tics mass reductions. ਀뜀ऀ䄀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀攀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 漀昀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 栀甀洀椀搀椀琀礀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀栀愀琀 搀漀 渀漀琀 甀猀攀 氀椀焀甀椀搀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ愀椀爀 栀攀愀琀 攀砀挀栀愀渀最攀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 ⠀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 甀瀀漀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⤀ 漀爀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 爀攀昀爀椀最攀爀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 嬀䐀攀猀椀最渀 洀攀琀愀戀漀氀椀挀 氀愀琀攀渀琀 氀漀愀搀 椀猀 ㈀⸀㈀㜀㜀 欀最 漀昀 眀愀琀攀爀 瘀愀瀀漀爀 瀀攀爀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀 瀀攀爀 搀愀礀崀⸀  ਀圀愀琀攀爀 刀攀挀氀愀洀愀琀椀漀渀 Efficient, direct treatment of wastewater--consisting of urine, wash water, and condensates--to produce potable and hygiene waters. ਀ · Methods for the phase separation of solids, gases, and liquids in a microgravity environment that are insensitive to fouling mechanisms. ਀뜀ऀ䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 琀漀 攀氀椀洀椀渀愀琀攀 漀爀 洀愀渀愀最攀 猀漀氀椀搀猀 瀀爀攀挀椀瀀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 眀愀猀琀攀眀愀琀攀爀 氀椀渀攀猀⸀  · Disinfection technologies, both for potable water storage and point-of-use. Techniques for the elimination of biofilm or microbial contamination from potable water systems. Development of residual disinfectants that can be consumed by crewpersons. ਀뜀ऀ䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 戀爀椀渀攀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Post-treatment methods to reduce total organic carbon from 100 mg/l to less than 0.25 mg/l in the presence of 50 mg/l bicarbonate ions, 25 mg/l ammonium ions and 25 ppm other inorganic ions. ਀뜀ऀ倀栀礀猀椀挀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 琀漀琀愀氀 漀爀最愀渀椀挀 挀愀爀戀漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀愀猀琀攀眀愀琀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀　　　 洀最⼀氀 琀漀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 㔀　 洀最⼀氀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 琀栀攀 琀漀琀愀氀 搀椀猀猀漀氀瘀攀搀 猀漀氀椀搀猀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀　　　 洀最⼀氀 琀漀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀　　 洀最⼀氀⸀  · Methods to minimize biofilm formation on fluid handling components, including flowmeters, check valves, regulators, etc. ਀ Waste Management਀䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀渀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 琀漀 猀愀昀攀氀礀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 洀愀渀愀最攀 眀愀猀琀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀氀氀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀㨀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀渀挀攀⼀挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀Ⰰ 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 搀椀猀瀀漀猀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀⸀ 䄀挀琀甀愀氀 琀礀瀀攀猀 愀渀搀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 眀愀猀琀攀猀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 搀甀爀椀渀最 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 栀椀最栀氀礀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 猀椀稀椀渀最 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 ∀洀愀砀椀洀甀洀∀ 眀愀猀琀攀 猀琀爀攀愀洀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀搀 愀猀 昀漀氀氀漀眀猀Ⰰ 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 愀 㘀ⴀ瀀攀爀猀漀渀 挀爀攀眀⤀㨀 琀爀愀猀栀 ⠀　⸀㔀㘀 欀最⼀搀愀礀⤀Ⰰ 昀漀漀搀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 ⠀㜀⸀㤀㄀ 欀最⼀搀愀礀⤀Ⰰ 栀甀洀愀渀 昀攀挀愀氀 眀愀猀琀攀猀 ⠀　⸀㜀㈀ 欀最⼀搀愀礀 搀爀礀Ⰰ ㌀⸀　 欀最⼀搀愀礀 眀攀琀⤀Ⰰ 椀渀攀搀椀戀氀攀 瀀氀愀渀琀 戀椀漀洀愀猀猀 ⠀㈀⸀㈀㔀 欀最⼀搀愀礀⤀Ⰰ 瀀愀瀀攀爀 ⠀㄀⸀㄀㘀 欀最⼀搀愀礀⤀Ⰰ 琀愀瀀攀 ⠀　⸀㈀㔀 欀最⼀搀愀礀⤀Ⰰ 昀椀氀琀攀爀猀 ⠀　⸀㌀㌀ 欀最⼀搀愀礀⤀Ⰰ 眀愀琀攀爀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 戀爀椀渀攀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀攀猀 ⠀㌀⸀㔀㐀 欀最⼀搀愀礀⤀Ⰰ 挀氀漀琀栀椀渀最 ⠀㌀⸀㘀 欀最⼀搀愀礀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀礀最椀攀渀攀 眀椀瀀攀猀 ⠀㄀⸀　 欀最⼀搀愀礀⤀⸀ 嬀吀栀攀猀攀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀爀椀瘀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 匀漀氀椀搀 圀愀猀琀攀 倀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀 刀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀 刀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 圀漀爀欀猀栀漀瀀 刀攀瀀漀爀琀 䨀匀䌀ⴀ㐀　㄀㤀㌀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䈀愀猀攀氀椀渀攀 嘀愀氀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 䄀猀猀甀洀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 䐀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 䨀匀䌀ⴀ㐀㜀㠀　㐀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 攀砀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 戀爀椀渀攀猀崀⸀ 圀愀猀琀攀猀 挀愀渀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀 愀猀猀甀洀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀ⴀ猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 猀椀渀挀攀 琀栀椀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀 洀愀樀漀爀椀琀礀 漀昀 眀愀猀琀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀⸀  ਀뜀ऀ匀洀愀氀氀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀愀挀琀 昀攀挀愀氀 琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀  · Volume reduction of wet and dry solid wastes. ਀뜀ऀ圀愀琀攀爀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 昀爀漀洀 眀攀琀 眀愀猀琀攀猀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 栀甀洀愀渀 昀攀挀愀氀 眀愀猀琀攀猀Ⰰ 昀漀漀搀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最Ⰰ 戀爀椀渀攀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀⸀  · Stabilization, sterilization, and/or microbial control technologies to minimize or eliminate biologi-cal hazards associated with waste. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀ⴀ 愀渀搀 栀礀瀀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀ⴀ挀漀洀瀀愀琀椀戀氀攀 猀漀氀椀搀 眀愀猀琀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀  · Microgravity-compatible technologies for the jettison of solid wastes in space. ਀뜀ऀ匀琀漀爀愀最攀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀漀氀椀搀 眀愀猀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀挀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀攀猀 漀搀漀爀 愀戀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀ⴀ渀漀氀漀最礀⸀  · Other novel waste management technologies for storage, transport, processing, resource recovery, and disposal that satisfy a critical need for the referenced missions (e.g., recovery of critical re-sources). ਀ Sensors ਀匀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 氀漀渀最 氀椀昀攀Ⰰ 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 椀渀ⴀ氀椀渀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀攀氀昀ⴀ挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 攀砀瀀攀渀搀愀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 攀渀攀爀最礀 挀漀渀猀甀洀瀀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀椀渀椀洀愀氀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀漀爀 琀椀洀攀⼀洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀 昀漀爀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 氀椀昀攀ⴀ猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀  ਀뜀ऀ匀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 昀愀猀琀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀Ⰰ 漀渀ⴀ氀椀渀攀 愀渀愀氀礀琀椀挀愀氀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 琀漀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 猀甀猀瀀攀渀搀攀搀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 搀爀漀瀀氀攀琀猀Ⰰ 搀椀猀瀀攀爀猀攀搀 最愀猀 戀甀戀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀愀琀攀爀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 琀漀琀愀氀 漀爀最愀渀椀挀 挀愀爀戀漀渀⸀  · Other species of interest include dissolved gases and ions in water reclamation processes major constituents (such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor) and trace gas contaminants (such as ammonia, formaldehyde, and polar organic compounds such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and acetone) in air revitalization processes. Both invasive and noninvasive techniques will be considered. ਀뜀ऀ匀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 洀愀猀猀 猀愀瘀椀渀最猀 愀渀搀 攀愀猀攀 漀昀 甀猀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 攀渀愀戀氀攀搀 戀礀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 搀攀琀攀挀琀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 漀渀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀攀猀 愀琀 愀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀攀攀欀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 渀攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 漀爀 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀ⴀ最椀攀猀 琀漀 猀椀洀甀氀琀愀渀攀漀甀猀氀礀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 洀愀樀漀爀 挀漀渀猀琀椀琀甀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 琀爀愀挀攀 挀漀渀猀琀椀琀甀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀  ਀䈀㌀⸀　㈀ 匀瀀愀挀攀 䠀甀洀愀渀 䘀愀挀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 䠀甀洀愀渀 倀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀  Lead Center: JSC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䄀刀䌀  ਀吀栀攀 氀漀渀最ⴀ琀攀爀洀 最漀愀氀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 椀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 甀瀀 琀漀 㔀 礀攀愀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 挀爀攀眀 椀渀搀攀ⴀ瀀攀渀搀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 爀攀猀甀瀀瀀氀礀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀✀猀 昀漀挀甀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 挀爀攀眀 愀挀挀漀洀洀漀搀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀㬀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀⸀  ਀倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 猀攀攀欀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 渀攀攀搀猀㨀  ਀䠀愀戀椀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀愀挀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 挀爀攀眀 眀攀氀氀ⴀ戀攀椀渀最  · Human accommodations: Develop design concepts and prototype systems for laundry or dish-washing tasks. The systems should be suitable for operation in microgravity environments with low water consumption and minimal trace gas emissions. ਀뜀ऀ吀漀漀氀猀 琀漀 搀攀猀椀最渀 栀愀戀椀琀愀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 漀瀀瀀漀爀琀甀渀椀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 瘀愀爀礀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀Ⰰ 瘀椀猀甀愀氀Ⰰ 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  ਀䴀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 渀漀渀椀渀琀爀甀猀椀瘀攀氀礀 · Biomechanics and anthropometry data collection and analysis: Develop size or motion measure-ment systems using wireless or remote sensors. Donning, calibration, and maintenance steps should ensure efficiency and accuracy. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀渀椀洀愀氀氀礀 椀渀瘀愀猀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 甀渀漀戀琀爀甀猀椀瘀攀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 琀栀攀 戀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀ⴀ愀渀挀攀 ⠀瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 挀漀最渀椀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀挀攀瀀琀甀愀氀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀ 漀昀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀愀洀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 氀漀渀最ⴀ搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀猀 漀爀 愀渀愀氀漀最 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀  ਀倀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀瘀攀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 漀昀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 挀爀攀眀 搀甀攀 琀漀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀搀甀爀攀猀  · Develop computational models of the crew environment and of human performance and behavior to simulate the effects of factors that contribute to (or degrade) long-term performance capabili-ties. Such models of the environment, individual and group behaviors and performance can be used to simulate and explore the conditions that influence human performance (e.g., fatigue, noise, CO2, microgravity, group dynamics, etc). Such capabilities would include digital models of human operators and routine and emergency tasks that interact in the context of the long-duration human exploration environment. ਀뜀ऀ一攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 椀氀氀甀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 愀琀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀猀 漀昀 猀栀愀搀ⴀ漀眀椀渀最Ⰰ 最氀愀爀攀 愀渀搀 戀氀漀漀洀 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀攀搀 攀渀攀爀最礀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 瘀愀氀甀攀猀 琀漀 焀甀愀渀琀椀昀礀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 椀氀氀甀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 一攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 椀氀氀甀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 ∀猀洀愀爀琀∀ 猀攀渀猀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀氀氀甀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 挀漀氀漀爀 愀渀搀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀⸀  ਀䐀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀ⴀ猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀瀀攀攀搀Ⰰ 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀渀 愀 挀漀猀琀ⴀ攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 洀愀渀渀攀爀  · Automated analysis of computer-user interfaces for complex display systems to conduct objective review of displays and controls, and to determine compliance with guidelines and standards. ਀뜀ऀ儀甀愀渀琀椀琀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 甀猀攀爀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀 琀漀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀愀猀欀ⴀ猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀攀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Tools to build just-in-time system and operational information software to aid human users con-ducting routine and emergency operations and activities. Such tools might include effective and efficient job aids (e.g., "intelligent" manuals, checklists, warnings) and support for designing flexible interfaces between users and large information systems. ਀ B3.03 Human Adaptation and Countermeasures ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䨀匀䌀 Participating Center(s): ARC, JPL ਀ In order for humans to live and function safely and efficiently in space, a good understanding of the effects of microgravity and other factors associated with the space environment on human physiology and human responses to microgravity and space flight exposure is required. A variety of countermeasures must be developed to oppose the deleterious changes that occur in space or upon return to Earth. The ability to monitor the effectiveness of countermeasures and alterations in human physiology during space flight, particularly when several countermeasures are used concurrently, is equally important. This subtopic seeks innovative technologies in several, specific, key areas as outlined below. ਀ As launch costs relate directly to mass and volume, instruments and sensors must be small and lightweight with an emphasis on multifunctional capabilities. Low power consumption is a major factor as are design enhancements to improve the operation, design reliability, and maintainability of these instruments in the environment of space. As the efficient utilization of time is extremely important, innovative instrumenta-tion setup, ease of usage, improved astronaut (patient) comfort, noninvasive sensors, and easy-to-read information displays are also very important considerations. Extended shelf-life and ambient storage conditions of consumables is also a key necessity. ਀ 1) Measurement of Emboli in the Brain਀䄀 猀洀愀氀氀 䐀漀瀀瀀氀攀爀 甀氀琀爀愀猀漀甀渀搀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀 嬀渀攀攀搀 渀漀琀 戀攀 漀砀礀最攀渀 挀漀洀瀀愀琀椀戀氀攀崀Ⰰ 攀洀戀漀氀椀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⼀猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀氀椀搀ⴀ猀琀愀琀攀 爀攀挀漀爀搀攀爀 漀昀 搀攀琀攀挀琀攀搀 攀瘀攀渀琀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 眀漀爀渀 椀渀 愀 昀愀猀栀椀漀渀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 琀漀 愀 䠀漀氀琀攀爀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 愀渀搀 栀攀氀瀀 琀漀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 戀氀漀漀搀 挀氀漀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀爀愀椀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀漀猀攀 愀琀 爀椀猀欀 昀漀爀 攀洀戀漀氀椀挀 猀琀爀漀欀攀⸀  ਀㈀⤀ 一漀渀椀渀瘀愀猀椀瘀攀 倀栀愀爀洀愀挀漀琀栀攀爀愀瀀礀 愀渀搀 䴀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最  Development of innovative technologies resulting in noninvasive methods for diagnosis, treatment and therapeutic drug monitoring is needed to facilitate effective pharmacotherapy of humans in space. ਀ 3) MEMS-Based Human Blood Cell Analyzer ਀䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ瀀漀眀攀爀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 愀渀愀氀礀稀攀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 ⠀洀椀挀爀漀氀椀琀攀爀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀礀⤀ 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 眀栀漀氀攀 戀氀漀漀搀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 戀氀漀漀搀 挀攀氀氀 挀漀甀渀琀 ⠀刀䈀䌀Ⰰ 圀䈀䌀Ⰰ 瀀氀愀琀攀氀攀琀Ⰰ 栀攀洀漀最氀漀戀椀渀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 栀攀洀愀琀漀挀爀椀琀Ⰰ 圀䈀䌀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀椀愀氀 愀渀搀 挀愀氀挀甀氀愀琀攀搀 刀䈀䌀 椀渀搀椀挀攀猀⤀ 琀栀愀琀 挀漀爀爀攀氀愀琀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 最爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 椀洀瀀攀搀愀渀挀攀 漀爀 氀椀最栀琀ⴀ猀挀愀琀琀攀爀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀⸀ 䰀椀欀攀氀礀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 䴀䔀䴀匀 眀椀氀氀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀 愀 戀椀漀挀漀洀瀀愀琀椀戀氀攀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀椀挀爀漀昀氀甀椀搀椀挀猀Ⰰ 洀椀挀爀漀洀攀挀栀愀渀ⴀ椀挀猀Ⰰ 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ漀瀀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 洀椀挀爀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀愀琀愀 琀攀氀攀洀攀琀爀礀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 栀愀渀搀栀攀氀搀 瀀愀挀欀愀最攀 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 甀猀攀爀ⴀ昀爀椀攀渀搀氀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀漀爀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀⸀  ਀㐀⤀ 䠀甀洀愀渀ⴀ眀漀爀渀 圀栀漀氀攀 䈀漀搀礀 䈀椀漀洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 䴀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 䄀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 匀甀椀琀  A whole-body suit and analysis system worn by human subjects which records and measures biomechani-cal movements and biomechanical characteristics in order to provide an assessment of total body physical activity during human spaceflight is needed. Measurements to be made and recorded would include upper and lower limb segment displacements along with related joint angular velocities and accelerations. The system would allow entry of limb segment and trunk mass and center of mass data specific to the individual wearing the suit, and then would provide data analysis related to work and power across different body segments and for the whole body based on analytical algorithms. Other capabilities include storage of raw data and the ability to download the data to other computer-based storage and data analysis systems through either hardwire connections or via telemetry. ਀ 5) Human-Worn Cardiophysiologic Monitoring Device for Space Flight਀䄀 瀀漀爀琀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 渀漀渀椀渀瘀愀猀椀瘀攀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀 琀漀 戀攀 眀漀爀渀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 爀攀ⴀ攀渀琀爀礀 猀甀椀琀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀漀爀搀 戀氀漀漀搀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 ⠀甀猀椀渀最 䬀漀爀漀琀欀漀昀昀 猀漀甀渀搀猀⤀Ⰰ 栀攀愀爀琀 爀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 㜀 氀攀愀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀挀愀爀搀椀漀最爀愀洀⸀ 䤀琀 洀甀猀琀 渀漀琀 栀愀瘀攀 愀渀礀 挀漀渀渀攀挀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 瀀甀氀氀攀搀 氀漀漀猀攀 搀甀爀椀渀最 搀漀渀渀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀甀椀琀⸀ 䤀琀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 戀愀琀琀攀爀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 甀猀椀渀最 漀渀氀礀 戀愀琀琀攀爀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 愀氀氀漀眀攀搀 椀渀猀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 漀砀礀最攀渀ⴀ爀椀挀栀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀椀琀⸀  ਀䘀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀㨀  ਀倀爀椀洀愀爀礀 倀爀椀漀爀椀琀礀㨀   · Displaying blood pressure (BP) on an integral screen ਀뜀ऀ一漀渀椀渀瘀愀猀椀瘀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 爀攀挀漀爀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀 漀昀 戀氀漀漀搀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 愀甀猀挀甀氀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀ⴀ渀椀焀甀攀  · User-initiated recordings at any time once the hardware is donned ਀뜀ऀ䈀愀琀琀攀爀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀  · Providing automated analytical abilities that include blood pressure determination and verification ਀뜀ऀ倀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 ⠀搀椀最椀琀愀氀 漀爀 愀渀愀氀漀最⤀ 漀昀 戀氀漀漀搀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 䬀漀爀漀琀欀漀昀昀 猀漀甀渀搀猀  · Allowing the user to apply the blood pressure cuff single-handedly ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 䰀愀甀渀挀栀 愀渀搀 䔀渀琀爀礀 匀甀椀琀 䈀椀漀椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 倀漀爀琀 挀愀戀氀攀 ⠀愀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀⤀  · Recording data for at least 3 hours ਀뜀ऀ一漀渀椀渀瘀愀猀椀瘀攀 爀攀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 漀昀 䬀漀爀漀琀欀漀昀昀 猀漀甀渀搀猀  · Must allow the user to clear the memory and/or to append reading to memory if the device has been shut off ਀뜀ऀ倀漀眀攀爀 猀眀椀琀挀栀  · Display heart rate, and time, in addition to blood pressure, on an integral screen ਀뜀ऀ一漀渀椀渀瘀愀猀椀瘀攀 爀攀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 漀昀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀漀甀猀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀挀愀爀搀椀漀最爀愀洀 ⠀㌀ 氀攀愀搀⤀  · Recording of voice annotations ਀뜀ऀ䠀攀愀爀琀 爀愀琀攀 挀愀氀挀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀  · Providing digital storage of blood pressure, Korotkoff sounds, and electrocardiogram waveforms ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀渀椀洀甀洀 漀昀 ㄀　　 䠀稀 搀椀愀最渀漀猀琀椀挀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 猀椀最渀愀氀  · Input impedance: 10 mega ohm (minimum) ਀뜀ऀ匀椀稀攀㨀 唀渀椀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀渀搀 氀椀最栀琀 ⴀ 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀⸀ 㜀ᴀ†砀 ㈀ᴀ†砀 ㌀ᴀ†愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀⸀ ㄀㈀ 漀稀  · Three accelerometers and the capability to store parameters ਀뜀ऀ䄀 㔀ⴀ㜀 氀攀愀搀 䔀䌀䜀⸀  ਀匀攀挀漀渀搀愀爀礀 倀爀椀漀爀椀琀礀  · Recording, in addition, display of heart rate ਀뜀ऀ吀愀欀椀渀最 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 愀琀 瘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀猀Ⰰ 爀愀渀最椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 攀瘀攀爀礀 ㈀ 洀椀渀甀琀攀猀 琀漀 攀瘀攀爀礀 ㈀ 栀漀甀爀猀  · Providing synchronized data output of blood pressure, electrocardiogram, Korotkoff sounds, time stamps, and voice annotation waveforms to a desktop computer: Note: If all measurements had time stamps, synchronizing of parameters could be done during analysis ਀ Tertiary Priority ਀뜀ऀ倀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 瘀椀猀甀愀氀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀ 漀昀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀  · Allowing user to access previous blood pressure and heart rates while the unit is still being worn ਀뜀ऀ䄀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 琀栀攀 甀猀攀爀 琀漀 搀漀渀 琀栀攀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 ㄀㔀 洀椀渀甀琀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀攀渀挀攀 爀攀挀漀爀搀椀渀最猀 㔀 洀椀渀甀琀攀猀 琀栀攀爀攀愀昀琀攀爀 ਀㘀⤀ 䈀漀搀礀 䌀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 䠀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 昀漀爀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䘀氀椀最栀琀  Development of on-orbit instrumentation for determination of body composition. Specific parameters of interest include lean body mass, total fat mass, total body water. Validation data will be required using the current gold-standard techniques in this field. This information will be used in conjunction with nutritional status protocols to assess crew health. ਀ B3.04 Food and Galley ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䨀匀䌀  ਀䄀猀 一䄀匀䄀 戀攀最椀渀猀 琀漀 氀漀漀欀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 氀漀眀 䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀 愀渀搀 琀漀 瀀氀愀渀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䴀漀漀渀 漀爀 䴀愀爀猀Ⰰ 渀攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀 昀漀漀搀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 昀漀漀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀洀瀀漀猀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 爀攀最甀氀愀爀氀礀 爀攀猀甀瀀瀀氀礀椀渀最 愀 䴀愀爀猀 挀爀攀眀 洀攀愀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀瀀愀挀欀愀最攀搀 猀栀攀氀昀ⴀ猀琀愀戀氀攀 昀漀漀搀Ⰰ 椀渀最爀攀搀椀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀焀甀椀瀀ⴀ洀攀渀琀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 搀椀攀琀 昀漀爀 㘀 挀爀攀眀洀攀洀戀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 ㌀ 礀攀愀爀猀 眀椀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 戀攀 挀愀爀爀椀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀洀⸀ 䄀猀 琀栀攀 挀爀攀眀 爀攀洀愀椀渀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 氀甀渀愀爀 漀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀Ⰰ 挀爀漀瀀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 最爀漀眀渀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀 琀栀攀 挀爀攀眀✀猀 搀椀攀琀Ⰰ 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀攀砀琀 漀昀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 氀椀昀攀ⴀ猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 甀猀攀 瀀氀愀渀琀猀 琀漀 爀攀瘀椀琀愀氀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 愀椀爀 愀渀搀 眀愀琀攀爀 猀甀瀀瀀氀礀⸀ 䠀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀漀搀 挀爀漀瀀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀⸀ 䄀爀攀愀猀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 愀爀攀㨀  ਀䰀漀渀最ⴀ䐀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 匀栀攀氀昀ⴀ匀琀愀戀氀攀 䘀漀漀搀  An initial trip to Mars, for example, will require a stored food system that is nutritious, palatable, and provides a sufficient variety of foods to support significant crew activities on a mission of at least 3 years duration. Development of highly acceptable, shelf-stable food items that use high-quality ingredients is important to maintaining a healthy diet. Foods should maintain safety, acceptability, and nutrition, for the entire shelf life of 3-5 years. Shelf-life extension may be attained through new food preservation methods and/or packaging. ਀ Advanced Packaging ਀吀栀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 昀漀漀搀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 甀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 匀栀甀琀琀氀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 渀漀琀 戀椀漀搀攀最爀愀搀愀戀氀攀 漀爀 爀攀挀礀挀氀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀甀猀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀猀 愀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 琀爀愀猀栀ⴀ洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 昀漀爀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀ⴀ挀氀愀猀猀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 圀愀猀琀攀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 椀渀 匀栀甀琀琀氀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 椀猀 爀攀琀甀爀渀攀搀 琀漀 䔀愀爀琀栀 昀漀爀 搀椀猀瀀漀猀愀氀 愀渀搀 眀愀猀琀攀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 昀漀爀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 椀渀挀椀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 甀瀀漀渀 爀攀攀渀琀爀礀 椀渀琀漀 䔀愀爀琀栀✀猀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀⸀ 一攀眀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 眀愀猀琀攀 昀爀漀洀 瀀愀挀欀愀最攀搀 昀漀漀搀⸀ 䄀渀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 愀 戀椀漀搀攀最爀愀搀愀戀氀攀 瀀愀挀欀愀最攀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 眀椀琀栀猀琀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀琀漀爀琀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 漀爀 愀 瀀氀愀猀琀椀挀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 爀攀愀搀椀氀礀 戀攀 爀攀挀礀挀氀攀搀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 瘀愀氀甀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀⸀  ਀䘀漀漀搀 倀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最  Advanced life-support systems, which use chemical, physical and biological processes, are being developed to support future human planetary exploration. One such system might grow crops hydroponically and then process them into edible food ingredients or table-ready products. Variations in crop quality, crop yield, and nutrient content may occur over the course of long-duration missions, posing further requirements to the food processing and storage system. Such variations might affect the shelf stability and functional properties of the bulk ingredients and ultimately the quality of the final food products. ਀ Equipment to process crops in space should be highly automated, highly reliable, safe, and should mini-mize crew time, power, water, mass, and volume. Equipment for processing raw materials must be suitable for use in hypogravity (e.g., 3/8th-g on Mars) and in hermetically sealed habitats. Some potential crops for advanced life-support systems include minimally processed crops such as lettuce, spinach, carrots, tomatoes, onions, cabbage, fresh herbs, and radishes. Other baseline crops that require processing would be wheat, soybeans, white potatoes, sweet potatoes, peanuts, dried beans, rice, and tomatoes. ਀ Food Safety ਀䄀猀猀甀爀愀渀挀攀猀 漀昀 昀漀漀搀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 昀漀漀搀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 愀爀攀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 挀爀攀眀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 愀渀搀 眀攀氀氀ⴀ戀攀椀渀最⸀ 䘀漀漀搀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 漀渀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀栀攀氀昀 猀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀搀 昀漀漀搀 椀渀最爀攀搀椀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 漀渀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 洀椀挀爀漀戀椀愀氀 愀最攀渀琀猀 漀昀 昀漀漀搀 猀瀀漀椀氀愀最攀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀ⴀ洀攀渀琀 漀昀 挀漀甀渀琀攀爀洀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀 琀漀 愀洀攀氀椀漀爀愀琀攀 琀栀攀椀爀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀⸀ 䘀漀爀 愀氀氀 昀漀漀搀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 瀀爀漀挀攀搀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 䠀䄀䌀䌀倀 ⠀䠀愀稀愀爀搀 䄀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 䌀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 倀漀椀渀琀猀⤀ 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀⸀  ਀䈀㌀⸀　㔀 䈀椀漀洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 刀☀䐀 漀昀 一漀渀椀渀瘀愀猀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 唀渀漀戀琀爀甀猀椀瘀攀 䴀攀搀椀挀愀氀 䐀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 䘀甀琀甀爀攀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 䌀爀攀眀猀  Lead Center: GRC ਀ Human presence in space requires an understanding of the effects of the space environment on the physio-logical systems of the body. The objective of this subtopic is to sponsor fundamental and applied research leading to the development of noninvasive, unobtrusive medical devices that will mitigate crew health, safety, and performance risks during future flight missions. Medical diagnostic and monitoring devices are critical for providing health care and medical intervention during missions, particularly those of extended duration. Of particular interest are devices with minimized mass, volume, and power consumption, and capable of multiple functions. Design enhancements that improve the operation, design reliability, and maintainability of medical devices in the space environment are also sought. Of additional consideration are innovative instrumentation automation, ease of usage, improved astronaut (patient) comfort, and easy-to-read information displays. ਀ Major research disciplines include endocrinology, immunology, hematology, microbiology, muscle physiology, pharmacology, drug delivery systems, and mechanistic changes in neurovestibular, cardiovas-cular, and pulmonary physiology. ਀ Innovations in the following areas are sought: ਀ · Biomedical monitoring, sensing, and analysis (including the acquisition, processing, communica-tion, and display) of electrical, physical, or chemical aspects of a human's health or physiologic state. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 椀渀ⴀ昀氀椀最栀琀 愀渀搀 最爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 愀挀挀甀爀愀琀攀 渀漀渀椀渀ⴀ瘀愀猀椀瘀攀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀栀礀猀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀栀攀 挀愀爀搀椀漀瘀愀猀挀甀氀愀爀Ⰰ 洀甀猀挀甀氀漀猀欀攀氀攀琀愀氀Ⰰ 渀攀甀爀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 最愀猀琀爀漀椀渀琀攀猀琀椀渀愀氀Ⰰ 瀀甀氀洀漀渀愀爀礀Ⰰ 椀洀洀甀渀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀攀洀愀琀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Noninvasive biosensors for real-time monitoring of blood and urine chemistry including, gases, calcium ions, electrolytes, cellular components, proteins, lipids, and hormones.਀뜀ऀ䤀渀ⴀ昀氀椀最栀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀洀攀渀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 琀漀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀 瀀栀礀猀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 洀攀琀愀戀漀氀椀挀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀栀愀爀洀愀挀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀猀 漀昀 愀猀琀爀漀渀愀甀琀猀⸀  · Instrumentation to maintain and assess levels of aerobic and anaerobic physical capability. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 氀漀愀搀猀 瀀氀愀挀攀搀 漀渀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 猀攀最洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 戀漀搀礀⸀  · Instrumentation to provide quantitative data to establish the effectiveness of an exercise regimen in ground-based research, and to measure bone strain in the hip, heel, and lumbar spine during ex-ercise. ਀뜀ऀ䄀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 最愀猀 戀甀戀戀氀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 最爀漀眀琀栀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀漀搀礀 愀昀琀攀爀 椀渀ⴀ昀氀椀最栀琀 漀爀 最爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 搀攀挀漀洀ⴀ瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀 漀爀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 搀攀挀漀洀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 猀椀挀欀渀攀猀猀  · In-flight assessment of the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. ਀뜀ऀ匀洀愀爀琀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 搀愀琀愀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Small, portable, medical imaging diagnostic instrumentation. ਀뜀ऀ嘀椀爀琀甀愀氀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀䈀㌀⸀　㘀 刀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 匀栀椀攀氀搀椀渀最 琀漀 倀爀漀琀攀挀琀 䠀甀洀愀渀猀  Lead Center: LaRC ਀ Revolutionary advances in radiation shielding technology are needed to protect humans from the hazards of space-radiation during NASA missions. All space-radiation environments in which humans may travel in the foreseeable future are considered, including low-Earth orbit, geosynchronous orbit, Moon, Mars, etc. All radiations are considered, including particulate radiation (electrons, protons, neutrons, alpha, light to heavy ions with particular emphasis on ions up to iron, mesons, etc.) and including electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays, etc.). ਀ Technologies of specific interest include, but are not limited to, the following: ਀ · Advanced computer codes are needed to model and predict the transport of radiation through ma-terials. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 挀漀搀攀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 洀漀搀攀氀 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀栀礀猀椀漀ⴀ氀漀最椀挀愀氀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 栀攀愀氀琀栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀攀氀氀ⴀ戀攀椀渀最 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀猀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Innovative lightweight radiation shielding materials are needed to shield humans in aerospace transportation vehicles, large space structures such as space stations, orbiters, landers, rovers, habitats, space suits, etc. The materials emphasis should be on non-parasitic radiation shielding materials, or multifunctional materials, where one of the functions is the radiation shielding func-tion. ਀뜀ऀ一漀渀ⴀ洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 ∀漀甀琀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ戀漀砀∀ 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀椀攀氀搀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀  · Laboratory and space flight data are needed to validate the accuracy of radiation transport codes. ਀뜀ऀ䰀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 搀愀琀愀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀ⴀ猀栀椀攀氀搀椀渀最 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 渀漀渀ⴀ洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Comprehensive radiation-shielding databases and design tools are also sought to enable designers to incorporate and optimize radiation shielding into space systems during the initial design phases. ਀뜀ऀ䄀挀挀甀爀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀漀爀攀琀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 瀀栀攀渀漀洀攀渀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀漀氀氀椀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 椀漀渀猀 琀漀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 椀渀瀀甀琀 搀愀琀愀戀愀猀攀 昀漀爀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀 瀀栀攀渀漀洀攀渀愀⸀ 吀栀攀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 最椀瘀攀 挀漀洀ⴀ瀀爀攀栀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀 椀渀 愀 昀愀猀琀 洀愀渀渀攀爀 昀漀爀 戀爀漀愀搀攀爀 ⠀瀀爀攀昀攀爀愀戀氀礀 眀栀漀氀攀⤀ 爀愀渀最攀猀 漀昀 挀漀氀氀椀搀椀渀最 椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 椀漀渀 攀渀攀爀最椀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀 昀攀眀 䴀攀嘀 琀漀 愀 昀攀眀 䜀攀嘀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀愀戀氀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 椀猀 愀猀 昀漀氀氀漀眀猀㨀  · Total, elastic, absorption, and fragmentation cross sections ਀뜀ऀ匀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 愀渀搀 愀渀最甀氀愀爀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀椀渀最 瀀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀  · Multiparticle fragmentations ਀뜀ऀ䌀氀甀猀琀攀爀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀  · Meson production ਀ B3.07 Biomass Production for Planetary Missions ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䬀匀䌀 Participating Center(s): JSC ਀ The production of biomass (in the form of edible food crops) in closed or nearly closed environments is essential for the future of long-term planetary exploration and human settlement. These technologies will lead not only to food production but also to the reclamation of water, purification of air, and recovery of inedible plant resources. Areas in which innovations are solicited include the following:਀ Crop Lighting ਀뜀ऀ匀漀甀爀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 瀀氀愀渀琀 氀椀最栀琀椀渀最 猀甀挀栀 愀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀ⴀ攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 氀愀洀瀀猀 漀爀 猀漀氀愀爀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀漀爀猀  · Transmission and distribution systems for plant lighting including, but not limited to, luminaires, light pipes and fiber optics ਀뜀ऀ䠀攀愀琀 爀攀洀漀瘀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀氀愀渀琀 最爀漀眀琀栀 氀椀最栀琀椀渀最 猀甀挀栀 愀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀Ⰰ 眀愀琀攀爀ⴀ樀愀挀欀攀琀猀Ⰰ 眀愀琀攀爀 戀愀爀爀椀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀ⴀ猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 昀椀氀琀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀漀爀猀⸀  ਀圀愀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 一甀琀爀椀攀渀琀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 · Technologies for production of crops using hydroponics or solid substrates ਀뜀ऀ圀愀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 渀甀琀爀椀攀渀琀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀  · Regenerable media for seed germination plant support ਀뜀ऀ匀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 甀猀愀戀氀攀 洀椀渀攀爀愀氀猀 昀爀漀洀 眀愀猀琀攀眀愀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 猀漀氀椀搀 眀愀猀琀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 愀猀 愀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 漀昀 洀椀渀攀爀愀氀 渀甀琀爀椀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 瀀氀愀渀琀 最爀漀眀琀栀⸀  ਀䔀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 䴀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀  Innovations in monitoring and control approaches for plant-production environments, including tempera-ture, humidity, gas composition, and pressure. Gases of interest could include carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, and ethylene. ਀ Mechanization and Automation਀䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 瀀爀漀瀀愀最愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀攀攀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀渀琀 戀椀漀洀愀猀猀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最⸀ 倀氀愀渀琀 戀椀漀洀愀猀猀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀渀攀搀椀戀氀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 攀搀椀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 挀氀攀愀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 漀昀 攀搀椀戀氀攀猀 ⠀猀攀攀搀Ⰰ 瘀攀最攀琀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀甀戀攀爀猀⤀ 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀愀氀 漀昀 椀渀攀搀椀戀氀攀猀 昀漀爀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀ⴀ爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最⸀  ਀䘀愀挀椀氀椀琀礀 漀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 匀愀渀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀  Methods or technologies to prevent excessive build-up of microorganisms within nutrient delivery systems. ਀ Health Measurement ਀刀攀洀漀琀攀Ⰰ 搀椀爀攀挀琀 愀渀搀 椀渀搀椀爀攀挀琀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 漀昀 洀攀愀猀甀爀椀渀最 瀀氀愀渀琀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 甀猀椀渀最 挀愀渀漀瀀礀 ⠀氀攀愀昀⤀ 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 猀椀最渀愀琀甀爀攀猀 漀爀 昀氀甀漀爀攀猀挀攀渀挀攀 琀漀 焀甀愀渀琀椀昀礀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 爀愀琀攀 漀昀 瀀栀漀琀漀猀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀瀀椀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 爀攀猀瀀椀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 渀甀琀爀椀攀渀琀 甀瀀琀愀欀攀⸀ 䐀愀琀愀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 渀漀渀椀渀瘀愀猀椀瘀攀 漀爀 爀攀洀漀琀攀氀礀 猀攀渀猀攀搀 甀猀椀渀最 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀Ⰰ 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀洀愀最攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀⸀ 匀礀猀琀攀洀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 洀愀欀椀渀最 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 洀愀礀 戀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀⸀  ਀匀攀渀猀漀爀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 Innovations are required for development of sensors using miniature, subminiature and microtechnologies for evaluation of all phases of biomass production. Such sensor arrays include wide-ranging applications of gas and liquid sensors as well as photo sensors and microbiological community indicators. Innovations are required in all phases of sensor development, including biomass fouling, miniaturization, wireless transmis-sion, multiple-phase and multiple-tasking sensors and interface with AI data collection systems. ਀ Flight Equipment Support ਀䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀栀甀琀琀氀攀 愀渀搀 漀渀 戀漀愀爀搀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䈀椀漀洀愀猀猀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 甀猀椀渀最 昀氀椀最栀琀ⴀ猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀攀琀 琀栀攀 搀攀洀愀渀搀椀渀最 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 洀攀攀琀 琀栀攀 爀椀最漀爀漀甀猀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 搀愀琀愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 瀀氀愀渀琀猀 椀渀 愀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀攀搀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀漀漀搀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 眀栀漀氀攀 瀀愀挀欀愀最攀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 椀渀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀⸀  ਀  B3.08 Software Architectures and Integrated Control Strategies for Advanced Life-Support Systems ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䨀匀䌀 Participating Center(s): JPL਀ Advanced Environmental Control in an enclosed crew environment presents a series of challenges as life-support goals move to minimize expendables, to minimize crew and ground involvement, and to incorpo-rate biological systems for recycling air, water and solids. The interdependence of environmental processing systems, and the need for reducing operations support costs are included. ਀ There is a need for the development and evaluation of control architectures and strategies which meet these challenges, both by building on current advances in distributed, modular, object-based protocols, and by new advances in integration of agent technology, planning and resource management across heterogeneous systems. This includes: ਀ · Distributed network protocols, including support for fieldbus and intelligent controllers ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 漀渀琀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀洀漀渀最 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 漀爀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀最攀渀琀猀  · Software development methodologies for autonomous systems, including requirements manage-ment, testing, performance metrics and long-term maintenance support, including development for growth and support for model-based simulations ਀뜀ऀ䄀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 渀攀眀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 ⠀戀漀琀栀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 愀渀搀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀⤀ 眀椀琀栀 攀砀椀猀琀ⴀ椀渀最Ⰰ 氀攀最愀挀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀  · Fault detection, isolation and recovery across multiple systems; sharing of parameters and data between heterogeneous systems ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀 琀漀氀攀爀愀渀挀攀  · Planning and scheduling, including reactions to system faults, supporting adjustments to opera-tions, inventory, and logistics due to planned and unplanned maintenance ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀ⴀ猀礀猀琀攀洀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 眀椀琀栀 挀爀攀眀 愀渀搀 最爀漀甀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀  · Development of architectures that support a range of autonomy, from fully autonomous to fully manual, with the corresponding range of support for human interaction ਀뜀ऀ䐀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 䠀甀洀愀渀ⴀ䌀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 䤀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 昀漀爀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 ⠀栀愀渀搀栀攀氀搀Ⰰ 栀攀愀搀ⴀ洀漀甀渀琀攀搀Ⰰ 瘀漀椀挀攀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀ ਀ TOPIC B4 Partnerships and Market Driven Research ਀ NASA has the mission to understand and protect our home planet. It has the goal to create a more secure world and improve the quality of life by investing in technologies and collaborating with other agencies industry, and academia. It seeks to leverage resources in support of National priorities through partnerships across industry, academia, and the Government for market-driven research in space. It seeks to resolve scientific issues impacting Earth-based technological and industrial applications by using the unique low-gravity environment of space. Proposals are sought for innovative market-driven pivotal technologies and processes related to space and microgravity. Innovative proposals are also sought for the development of infrastructure equipment for market-driven experimentation and operations in space, or the use of these technologies by industry on Earth. Automated processes and hardware (robotics), which will reduce crew time, are a priority. Proposals that utilize partnering and collaboration to promote the market-driven research are encouraged. Dual use that supports market needs as well as NASA goals and National priorities, such as security, are desired. ਀ B4.01 Space Commercialization ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀䤀渀 愀挀挀漀爀搀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䄀挀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 愀洀攀渀搀攀搀Ⰰ 琀漀 ∀猀攀攀欀 愀渀搀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 洀愀砀椀洀甀洀 攀砀琀攀渀琀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 昀甀氀氀攀猀琀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 甀猀攀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ∀ 一䄀匀䄀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀愀琀攀猀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 洀愀礀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 愀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀Ⰰ 漀爀 洀愀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 栀愀猀 琀眀漀 最漀愀氀猀⸀ 䘀椀爀猀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀椀瘀漀琀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 漀爀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀㬀 猀攀挀漀渀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 椀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ 漀爀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 漀爀 漀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀⸀ 䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 ⠀爀漀戀漀琀椀挀猀⤀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 挀爀攀眀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 愀 瀀爀椀漀爀椀琀礀⸀ 䄀氀氀 䄀最攀渀挀礀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 椀渀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀漀猀攀 椀渀 氀椀昀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 氀攀愀搀 琀漀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 愀爀攀愀猀 昀漀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀 ਀䈀椀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 䄀最爀椀戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀   This category comprises biotechnology, biomedical and agricultural instrumentation or techniques that exploit space-derived capabilities or data to support the commercial development of space by the agricul-tural, medical or pharmaceutical industry, including specifically: ਀뜀ऀ倀漀爀琀愀戀氀攀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 ⴀ 吀栀攀 渀攀攀搀 昀漀爀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 搀攀琀攀挀琀 愀渀搀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 瀀愀琀栀漀最攀渀猀 ⠀愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 漀爀 椀渀ⴀ瘀椀瘀漀⤀ 椀猀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 一䄀匀䄀✀猀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 愀 瀀攀爀洀愀渀攀渀琀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 洀愀渀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀  · Development of noninvasive health monitoring systems/models - Application to NASA's crew health program for extended duration missions. For example, (1) novel in vitro cell-matrix models for studying the effects of microgravity on human tissue repair and wound healing, (2) novel orga-notypic skin models which simulate physiological changes found in humans under a microgravity environment, (3) functional models for delineating the MG-inducible or MG-responsive pathways of human tissue angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation). ਀뜀ऀ倀栀礀猀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 漀昀 戀漀渀攀 最爀漀眀琀栀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 椀洀洀甀渀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀渀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀ⴀ椀琀礀⸀  · Innovative research in plant-derived pharmaceuticals using microgravity. ਀뜀ऀ䄀最爀椀挀甀氀琀甀爀愀氀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀Ⰰ 椀⸀攀⸀Ⰰ 最攀渀攀琀椀挀 洀愀渀椀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀氀愀渀琀猀 甀猀椀渀最 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀⸀  · Instrumentation or technology to explore the use of microgravity in genetic assay, analysis, and manipulation. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 愀渀愀氀礀稀攀 挀攀氀氀 爀攀愀挀琀漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀攀 挀攀氀氀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 椀渀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀搀 搀爀甀最 琀栀攀爀愀瀀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 琀漀 瀀栀愀爀洀愀挀攀甀琀椀挀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Innovative techniques for dynamic control and cryogenic preservation of protein crystals. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 挀爀礀猀琀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 砀ⴀ爀愀礀 搀椀昀昀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 昀爀愀渀最椀戀氀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀⸀  · Innovation of low-technology temperature control chambers requiring little or no power for bring-ing temperature sensitive experiments up to or back from the International Space Station. ਀ Materials Science ਀䄀爀攀愀猀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀 · Applications using space-grown semiconductor crystals, including epitaxially grown materials for commercial electronic devices. The applications will also attempt to use the knowledge of the space-grown material behavior to enhance ground processing of the materials to achieve equiva-lent performance of space-grown materials in electronic circuitry. ਀뜀ऀ䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 甀猀椀渀最 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ最爀漀眀渀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 昀氀甀漀爀椀搀攀 最氀愀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 渀漀渀ⴀ氀椀渀攀愀爀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀漀甀渀搀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀 瀀攀爀ⴀ昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ最爀漀眀渀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 椀渀 最爀漀甀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最⸀  · Innovations using nonlinear optical material to be processed in space. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 渀攀眀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀搀 最氀愀猀猀攀猀 昀漀爀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  ਀䴀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 倀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀  The following applications/technologies are associated with Microgravity Payloads:਀뜀ऀ䐀攀猀椀最渀⼀搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀 昀漀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 氀攀愀搀 琀漀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 漀爀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀⸀  · Enabling commercial technologies that promote the human exploration and development of space. ਀뜀ऀ䔀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 䤀匀匀 愀猀 愀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 琀攀猀琀 戀攀搀 昀漀爀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀⸀  · Enabling technology designed to reduce crew work loads and/or facilitate commercial investiga-tions or processing through automation, robotics, or nanotechnology. ਀ Combustion Science਀䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 挀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 氀攀愀搀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 漀爀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 漀爀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀搀 漀爀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀⸀  ਀䘀漀漀搀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 Innovative applications of space research in food technology that will lead to developing commercial food products or improved food processes through the unique properties of space or through enhanced or innovative techniques on the ground. ਀ Biomedical Materials਀䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 眀栀攀爀攀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 瀀爀漀洀漀琀攀猀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 戀椀漀搀攀最爀愀搀愀戀氀攀 瀀漀氀礀洀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 眀漀甀渀搀 栀攀愀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 漀爀琀栀漀瀀攀搀椀挀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  ਀䔀渀琀攀爀琀愀椀渀洀攀渀琀 嘀愀氀甀攀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 Innovative approaches for commercial economic benefit from space research involving broadcasting, e-business or other activities that have entertainment value. ਀ B4.02 Space Commercialization Infrastructure ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀䤀渀 愀挀挀漀爀搀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䄀挀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 愀洀攀渀搀攀搀Ⰰ 琀漀 ∀猀攀攀欀 愀渀搀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 洀愀砀椀洀甀洀 攀砀琀攀渀琀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 昀甀氀氀攀猀琀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 甀猀攀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ∀ 一䄀匀䄀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀愀琀攀猀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 洀愀礀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 愀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀 漀爀 洀愀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀✀猀 最漀愀氀 椀猀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 漀爀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 猀瀀愀挀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 倀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 挀氀攀愀爀 甀琀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀氀愀渀 愀爀攀 愀 瀀爀椀漀爀椀琀礀⸀ 䄀氀氀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 氀攀愀搀 琀漀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 甀猀攀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀爀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 愀爀攀愀猀 昀漀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀倀漀眀攀爀 愀渀搀 吀栀攀爀洀愀氀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀  Power and thermal management technologies that enable or enhance commercial satellites or space systems are sought. ਀ Communications ਀䈀爀漀愀搀戀愀渀搀Ⰰ 搀愀琀愀 挀漀洀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 漀爀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 漀爀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 甀猀攀 漀昀 栀礀瀀攀爀猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 椀洀愀最攀爀礀 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀琀攀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最⸀  ਀匀瀀愀挀攀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 倀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀  Improved technologies are sought for autonomous commercial vehicles and platforms. These technologies include autonomous rendezvous and docking, structures, and avionics. ਀ Space Resources Utilization਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀 昀爀漀洀 甀琀椀氀椀稀椀渀最 渀漀渀琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀猀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀⸀  ਀匀攀挀甀爀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 匀愀昀攀琀礀 NASA also has the goal to protect our home planet and better understand the use of technologies that improve the quality of life on Earth. By investing in Space research and by collaborating with other agencies, industry, and academia, NASA has the opportunity to contribute to the creation of a more secure world. By leveraging resources in support of research in the unique environment of Space, market needs, as well as NASA goals and National priorities, such as security, may be achieved. This dual use with good potential for commercial product development is strongly encouraged. Some example areas for which proposals are sought include: ਀ Sensors and detection systems to improve processes and operations in support of NASA Space research and exploration goals, National security, and industrial processes. Areas of technology development include, but are not limited to, the following:਀ · Biotechnology ਀뜀ऀ䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀  · Combustion science ਀뜀ऀ刀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀  · Optical systems ਀뜀ऀ䴀攀搀椀挀愀氀 搀椀愀最渀漀猀琀椀挀猀  · Agriculture ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀挀爀漀戀椀漀氀漀最礀  · Health and safety਀ Improved communication systems to effectively and efficiently gather information, and to disseminate warnings and other critical information, in the event of a National disaster, and/or to provide better communication capabilities in support of NASA Space research and exploration goals, and for use by the general public. ਀ Innovative devices and procedures for use of technologies to protect citizens from various threats to their personal security and/or property, and to provide protection to personnel carrying out NASA Space research and exploration operations, both in space and on Earth. ਀ Countermeasure systems and/or devices to better effect rescue, recovery, treatment, and environmental safety during and after the occurrence of a disaster or an accident. ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䈀㔀 䈀椀漀洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 䐀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  ਀一䄀匀䄀 栀愀猀 琀栀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 琀漀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀 漀甀爀 栀漀洀攀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 最漀愀氀 椀猀 琀漀 挀爀攀愀琀攀 愀 洀漀爀攀 猀攀挀甀爀攀 眀漀爀氀搀 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀 戀礀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀渀最 椀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 愀最攀渀挀椀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 愀挀愀搀攀洀椀愀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀琀攀爀搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀愀爀礀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀栀愀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀愀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀猀 攀砀瀀攀爀琀椀猀攀 椀渀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀猀 漀昀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀Ⰰ 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀Ⰰ 戀椀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 洀愀礀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 渀攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 渀攀攀搀猀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 漀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀⸀ 匀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ愀爀琀 欀渀漀眀氀ⴀ攀搀最攀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀琀椀猀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀猀挀漀瀀礀Ⰰ 昀氀甀椀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀Ⰰ 猀攀渀猀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 戀椀漀洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 瀀爀漀洀椀猀攀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 挀漀渀瘀攀渀椀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀氀礀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 戀椀漀洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 洀椀琀椀最愀琀攀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 爀椀猀欀猀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 愀渀搀 氀漀渀最ⴀ搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀漀 瀀爀漀琀漀琀礀瀀攀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ 愀渀搀 渀愀渀漀ⴀ猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀洀愀最椀渀最Ⰰ 爀攀挀漀最渀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 猀椀最渀愀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 愀渀搀 挀攀氀氀甀氀愀爀 氀攀瘀攀氀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 眀椀琀栀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 洀愀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 甀氀琀爀愀栀椀最栀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 椀洀愀最椀渀最Ⰰ 戀椀漀挀栀椀瀀 搀攀猀椀最渀 琀漀漀氀猀Ⰰ 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 洀椀挀爀漀猀挀漀瀀礀Ⰰ 洀椀挀爀漀猀挀愀氀攀 搀椀愀最渀漀猀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀椀挀爀漀昀氀甀椀搀椀挀猀⸀ 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 昀漀爀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 漀渀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 琀漀瀀椀挀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀猀 一䄀匀䄀✀猀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 搀椀愀最渀漀猀琀椀挀Ⰰ 挀氀椀渀椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 氀椀昀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀Ⰰ 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 昀漀爀 氀漀渀最ⴀ搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 愀爀攀愀 眀椀氀氀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最ⴀ攀搀最攀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 挀愀爀攀⸀  ਀䈀㔀⸀　㄀ 䈀椀漀洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 匀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 䔀昀昀攀挀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 䤀洀愀最椀渀最  Lead Center: ARC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䨀倀䰀  ਀䔀洀攀爀最椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 洀椀挀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 渀愀渀漀洀攀琀攀爀 猀挀愀氀攀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 洀愀渀椀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 攀渀愀戀氀攀猀 愀 渀攀眀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 伀昀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀椀渀最 戀椀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀 眀椀琀栀 氀椀昀攀 愀渀搀 椀琀猀 挀漀渀猀琀椀琀甀攀渀琀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 猀挀愀氀攀⸀ 伀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 最漀愀氀猀 椀猀 琀漀 猀攀攀欀 漀甀琀 愀渀搀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 戀椀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀猀 椀渀 洀椀渀甀琀攀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 戀漀搀礀 愀渀搀 椀渀 攀砀琀爀愀琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 猀攀琀琀椀渀最猀⸀ 䤀渀椀琀椀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀猀攀 洀椀挀爀漀猀挀漀瀀椀挀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 猀挀愀氀攀Ⰰ 眀椀氀氀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀椀氀礀 琀漀 最愀琀栀攀爀 搀愀琀愀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 甀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀爀攀愀琀猀 琀漀 愀猀琀爀漀渀愀甀琀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 戀礀 欀椀氀氀椀渀最 琀甀洀漀爀 挀攀氀氀猀 漀爀 戀礀 琀愀爀最攀琀攀搀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 洀攀搀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⤀⸀  ਀䴀椀挀爀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀䴀䔀䴀匀⤀ 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 栀愀猀 攀渀愀戀氀攀搀 渀甀洀攀爀漀甀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 琀漀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀攀 戀椀漀洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 䴀椀挀爀漀昀氀甀椀搀椀挀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 愀爀攀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 琀漀 琀栀攀 最漀愀氀猀 漀昀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀渀最 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 猀椀最渀愀琀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 戀漀搀礀⸀ 䘀椀渀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 渀愀渀漀猀挀愀氀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 挀愀爀戀漀渀 渀愀渀漀琀甀戀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 戀椀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 渀攀眀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 椀洀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ਀刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 吀漀瀀椀挀猀㨀  · In vivo sample acquisition and processing ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀 瘀椀瘀漀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀  · Wireless communications for micro/nano biochemical instruments ਀뜀ऀ倀漀眀攀爀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 ⠀戀椀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀⤀  · Self-assembled fabrication techniques for biochemical sensor arrays ਀뜀ऀ伀琀栀攀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 眀漀甀氀搀 挀漀渀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀 琀漀眀愀爀搀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 瀀爀漀琀漀琀礀瀀攀 渀愀渀漀攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀爀猀 ⠀挀漀洀戀椀渀椀渀最 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最⤀⸀  · Integrated in vivo biochemical sensor and targeted drug delivery device. ਀ Cellular structures and functions are a marvel in architecture, engineering, and programming. Currently there are various imaging techniques which allow us to obtain concentration variations, map compositions and monitor transport and transduction mechanisms. Cellular biologists now use molecular imaging to localize and image which biological molecules are where inside a cell and its structures. In addition to where, we can also image when molecules are produced to track temporal changes in cell metabolism. Current technologies for molecular imaging in cellular biology would include the following: FISH, GFP, MRI, and spectral techniques that allow spectrally multiplexed probes. Atomic, chemical force micro-scopies, carbon nanotube, and proximal probes are all examples of new approaches to resolving molecular structure at a small enough scale to image individual atoms. Photon-based imaging from infrared to x-ray, PET, MRI, NSOM, STM/AFM, photo-acoustic imaging, IR spectral imaging are just some examples of imaging techniques. Proposals sought include: ਀ · New technologies for imaging protein expression in cells at or below the diffraction limited spatial resolution of optical microscopies. ਀뜀ऀ一愀渀漀猀挀愀氀攀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 愀琀 愀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 漀爀 䐀一䄀 猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀⸀  · Image cellular activities such as gene expression at a molecular scale. ਀뜀ऀ一愀渀漀猀挀愀氀攀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 愀琀 愀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 漀爀 䐀一䄀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀䈀㔀⸀　㈀ 䈀椀漀猀椀最渀愀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 匀椀最渀愀氀 䄀洀瀀氀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䈀椀漀椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀挀猀  Lead Center: JPL਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䄀刀䌀  ਀䘀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 漀昀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀椀渀最 一䄀匀䄀 最漀愀氀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 戀椀漀猀椀最渀愀琀甀爀攀猀 琀漀 搀椀猀琀椀渀最甀椀猀栀 氀椀昀攀 昀爀漀洀 渀漀渀氀椀昀攀 漀渀 愀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀挀愀氀攀⸀ 䰀椀昀攀 椀猀 愀 琀栀攀爀洀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 攀渀椀最洀愀 ጀ†猀攀攀洀椀渀最氀礀 瘀椀漀氀愀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀爀洀漀搀礀ⴀ渀愀洀椀挀 氀愀眀猀 戀礀 搀攀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最 攀渀琀爀漀瀀礀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 挀漀洀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 椀琀猀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 攀砀琀爀愀挀琀 攀渀攀爀最礀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 甀猀攀 琀栀椀猀 攀渀攀爀最礀 琀漀 戀甀椀氀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 搀攀挀椀搀攀搀氀礀 漀甀琀 漀昀 攀焀甀椀氀椀戀爀椀甀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 愀渀搀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 搀椀猀攀焀甀椀氀椀戀爀椀愀Ⰰ 愀氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 挀栀愀渀最攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 搀甀攀 琀漀 挀漀渀猀甀洀瀀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 洀愀欀攀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 戀愀猀椀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 氀椀昀攀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 猀琀爀愀椀最栀琀昀漀爀眀愀爀搀㨀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀 琀栀攀爀洀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 欀椀渀攀琀椀挀猀⸀ 匀攀愀爀挀栀 漀瘀攀爀 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 猀挀愀氀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀 琀栀攀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 洀攀琀愀戀漀氀椀琀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 搀椀猀愀瀀瀀攀愀爀椀渀最 漀爀 愀挀挀甀洀甀氀愀琀椀渀最 漀渀 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 琀椀洀攀 猀挀愀氀攀猀⸀ 唀猀椀渀最 猀甀挀栀 愀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀Ⰰ 眀攀 椀洀愀最椀渀攀 琀栀愀琀 氀椀昀攀 挀愀渀 戀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 愀 眀椀搀攀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 猀椀洀瀀氀礀 戀礀 洀愀欀椀渀最 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 愀猀欀椀渀最 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀愀琀愀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 椀渀 猀椀琀甀 氀椀昀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 猀瀀爀椀渀最戀漀愀爀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 昀漀爀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 ∀甀渀栀攀愀氀琀栀礀∀ 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀猀Ⰰ 戀攀 琀栀攀礀 甀渀栀攀愀氀琀栀礀 搀甀攀 琀漀 戀愀挀琀攀爀椀愀氀 漀爀 瘀椀爀愀氀 椀渀昀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 洀愀氀椀最渀愀渀挀椀攀猀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀 琀栀椀猀 瀀攀爀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 漀渀攀 挀愀渀 爀攀愀搀椀氀礀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 愀渀搀 愀瀀ⴀ瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 愀猀琀爀漀戀椀漀氀漀最礀 ⠀琀栀椀渀最猀 琀漀 戀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀搀Ⰰ 猀琀愀琀椀猀琀椀挀愀氀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀Ⰰ 搀愀琀愀 栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀攀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀礀 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 愀搀愀瀀琀攀搀 琀漀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀 猀椀琀甀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀瘀攀渀琀甀愀氀氀礀 琀漀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 愀渀搀 挀氀椀渀椀挀愀氀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 漀昀 搀椀愀最渀漀猀椀猀⸀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀愀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ吀漀漀氀猀 琀漀 愀猀猀椀猀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀椀最渀愀琀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀 瘀椀愀 琀栀攀爀洀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 愀渀搀 欀椀渀攀琀椀挀猀 漀昀 洀攀琀愀戀漀ⴀ氀椀猀洀  · Detection of molecular level structures and anomalies ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 搀椀猀攀焀甀椀氀椀戀爀椀愀 愀渀搀 洀椀挀爀漀猀挀愀氀攀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀猀攀猀  ਀吀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀挀琀 眀攀愀欀 猀椀最渀愀氀猀 攀洀椀琀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 栀愀猀 愀氀眀愀礀猀 戀攀攀渀 愀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀 昀漀爀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀猀琀猀⸀ 匀甀挀栀 猀椀最渀愀氀猀 栀椀最栀氀椀最栀琀 渀甀洀攀爀漀甀猀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 愀渀琀椀最攀渀ⴀ愀渀琀椀戀漀搀礀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 渀甀挀氀攀椀挀 愀挀椀搀 栀礀戀爀椀搀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀琀攀渀 甀猀攀搀 愀猀 愀猀猀愀礀猀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀挀琀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀漀爀猀 漀昀 搀椀猀攀愀猀攀 瀀愀琀栀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 䄀猀 猀甀挀栀Ⰰ 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最 猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 愀猀猀愀礀猀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 挀漀洀瀀爀漀ⴀ洀椀猀椀渀最 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 椀猀 漀昀 甀琀洀漀猀琀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀挀攀⸀ 吀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 猀椀最渀愀氀 愀洀瀀氀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀 戀礀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀眀漀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 ⴀ 攀椀琀栀攀爀 愀洀瀀氀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 琀漀 戀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀攀搀 漀爀 椀渀琀攀渀猀椀昀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀椀最渀愀氀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀⸀ 刀攀瘀攀爀猀攀 吀爀愀渀猀挀爀椀瀀琀愀猀攀 倀漀氀礀洀攀爀愀猀攀 䌀栀愀椀渀 刀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀 ⠀刀吀ⴀ倀䌀刀⤀ 椀猀 愀渀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀攀爀⸀ 䤀渀 刀吀ⴀ倀䌀刀Ⰰ 漀渀攀 洀愀欀攀猀 愀 䐀一䄀 挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 愀 氀漀眀 挀漀瀀礀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 琀爀愀渀猀挀爀椀瀀琀 琀漀 戀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 愀洀瀀氀椀昀椀攀猀 琀栀攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 戀礀 倀䌀刀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀⸀ 吀漀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀攀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀椀最渀愀氀 昀爀漀洀 愀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀Ⰰ 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 氀愀戀攀氀攀搀 猀攀挀漀渀搀愀爀礀 愀渀琀椀戀漀搀椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 猀椀最渀愀氀 昀爀漀洀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 愀渀琀椀戀漀搀礀 戀椀渀搀椀渀最⸀ 圀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 愀爀攀 猀琀椀氀氀 氀椀洀椀琀椀渀最 眀栀攀渀 椀琀 挀漀洀攀猀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀渀最 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 椀渀 瘀攀爀礀 猀洀愀氀氀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀礀 漀爀 椀渀 猀椀渀最氀攀 挀漀瀀礀⸀ 䴀漀爀攀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 挀愀琀愀氀礀稀攀搀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀爀 搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 ⠀䌀䄀刀䐀⤀Ⰰ 戀爀愀渀挀栀攀搀 䐀一䄀 猀椀最渀愀氀 愀洀瀀氀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀猀猀愀礀猀 愀渀搀 䘀氀甀漀爀攀猀挀攀渀琀 刀攀猀漀渀愀渀挀攀 䔀渀攀爀最礀 吀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 ⠀䘀刀䔀吀⤀⸀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀愀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ匀椀渀最氀攀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀洀漀渀最 栀椀最栀 戀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 渀漀椀猀攀⸀  · Contrast and sensitivity enhancers for noninvasive real time imaging. ਀뜀ऀ唀琀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 愀洀瀀氀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ愀洀瀀氀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀愀爀最攀琀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀⸀  · Amplification methods to enhance the probability of finding target molecules. ਀뜀ऀ䄀洀瀀氀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀挀甀爀猀漀爀猀 漀昀 愀椀氀洀攀渀琀猀 ⠀昀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 椀渀昀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 戀漀渀攀 氀漀猀猀Ⰰ 洀甀猀挀氀攀 愀琀爀漀瀀栀礀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀  · Utilization of biological amplification or self-amplification for ailments. ਀ The systematic handling and analysis of biological data to solve scientific problems will involve the development of new computational technologies. Bioinformatics will be important in assessing and modeling physiological conditions. Both pattern recognition and modeling of biological behavior and processes (both at global and local levels) will be crucial to scientific and medical research in space and on Earth. NASA's bioinformatics technology development is divided along the following lines: (1) data acquisition, (2) data handling and curation, (3) hypothesis generation, and (4) hypothesis testing. ਀ Technology innovation development areas to enhance and enable: ਀ · Coarse modeling of smaller scale cell functions ਀뜀ऀ䐀愀琀愀 洀椀渀椀渀最⼀瀀愀琀琀攀爀渀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀琀椀漀渀  · Model genomics and kinetics of infections, bone loss, muscle atrophy, etc. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 漀昀 氀愀爀最攀ⴀ猀挀愀氀攀 挀攀氀氀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀  · Space information systems - systems for real-time data handling and analysis (types of data in-clude gene chip blood panels, data of spacecraft environment, human body, etc.) ਀뜀ऀ倀愀琀琀攀爀渀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 愀椀氀洀攀渀琀猀 ⠀昀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 椀渀昀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 戀漀渀攀 氀漀猀猀Ⰰ 洀甀猀挀氀攀 愀琀爀漀瀀栀礀⤀ 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 洀漀搀攀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀瘀攀 甀猀攀⸀  ਀  B5.03 Nano/Quantum Devices for Space Medicine and Biology Applications ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䄀刀䌀 Participating Center(s): JPL਀ NASA has been in great demand for rapid, high sensitive, in situ characterization and quantification of chemical and biological species and in-vivo health monitoring and therapy on the Earth and in space. Biological systems show remarkable sensitivity, specificity and efficiency due to the selective evolution of molecular mechanisms. Nanoscale materials and structures offer unique interface between biological systems and electronics. Stand-alone nanosensors as well as other biomedical devices that automatically perform multiple steps such as sampling, sample transport, separation and detection have the potential for NASA's mission. The development of advanced chemical and biological sensors, drug delivery systems, and space genetics requires an integration of analytical chemistry, physics of sensors, microfluidics, and biochemical molecular recognition methods on nanoscale devices and platform. It is anticipated that hybrid molecular assemblies involving biomolecules would enable the exploitation of these unique aspects of biological systems while affording the control that is possible through nanotechnology. This would lead to biomolecular assemblies with new functionalities and significant advantages in terms of size, power consumption, efficiency and ease of fabrication. The development of this technology will revolutionize sensing & detection, in-vivo diagnosis and drug delivery, repair of tissue/cell damage, integrated mechani-cal/electronic/chemical devices at the nanoscale. ਀ This topic seeks innovative ideas for designing, fabricating and demonstrating different kinds of novel bio-nano-molecular assemblies specific for NASA's need. It includes, but is not limited to the following:਀ · Novel and improved nanoscale sensor technologies and materials (conductometric, potentiometric, capacitive, amperometric, calorimetric, gravimetric, optical, resonant sensors) ਀뜀ऀ一愀渀漀猀攀渀猀漀爀 愀爀爀愀礀猀  · Drug delivery systems ਀뜀ऀ一漀渀椀渀瘀愀猀椀瘀攀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 渀愀渀漀搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 戀氀漀漀搀Ⰰ 甀爀椀渀攀⤀  · In-vivo molecular diagnostics devices and technology ਀뜀ऀ䔀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 戀椀漀猀攀渀猀漀爀猀  · Advanced photonics for environmental monitoring (fluorescence, phosphorescence, Raman, IR, UV absorption, microwave, RF, LIBS, x-ray) ਀뜀ऀ一愀渀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 氀愀戀ⴀ漀渀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ挀栀椀瀀 ⠀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀瀀栀漀爀攀猀椀猀Ⰰ 昀氀漀眀 椀渀樀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀Ⰰ 挀栀爀漀洀愀ⴀ琀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀  · Nanofluidics for sensors (sample handling, fluidic mechanics, bioreactors, etc.) ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀瀀甀琀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀  · Innovative growth and formation techniques of semiconductor quantum dots with greater uniform-ity of size, controllable achievement of higher quantum dot density, and closer dot-to-dot interaction range. ਀뜀ऀ䴀漀搀攀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 渀漀瘀攀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 渀愀渀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀猀⸀  · Innovative nanoscale functional device building blocks based on single-electron charging. ਀ B5.04 Nanoscale Self-Assembly using Biological Molecules ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀刀䌀  ਀䈀椀漀洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 椀猀 愀渀 攀砀挀椀琀椀渀最 渀攀眀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀 氀礀椀渀最 愀琀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最⸀ 䄀 欀攀礀 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀椀爀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 甀渀搀攀爀最漀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀Ⰰ 愀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 栀椀攀爀愀爀挀栀椀挀愀氀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 椀猀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀攀渀ⴀ琀椀漀渀⸀ 䈀爀椀搀最椀渀最 琀栀攀 最愀瀀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 漀爀最愀渀椀挀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 猀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀Ⰰ 戀椀漀洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀猀 琀栀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀昀甀氀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀椀琀礀 漀昀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 愀渀搀 䐀一䄀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 洀漀爀攀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀礀渀琀栀攀琀椀挀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 猀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 渀漀瘀攀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀搀 椀渀 愀 眀愀礀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀椀氀礀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 漀爀椀最椀渀⸀  ਀唀猀攀 漀昀 挀漀氀氀漀椀搀猀 椀猀 漀渀攀 爀漀甀琀攀 琀漀 渀愀渀漀猀挀愀氀攀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀⸀ 䌀漀氀氀漀椀搀愀氀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 挀愀渀 猀攀爀瘀攀 愀猀 猀甀戀猀琀爀愀琀攀猀 昀漀爀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 琀栀椀渀 昀椀氀洀猀 漀昀 戀椀漀瀀漀氀礀洀攀爀猀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀ⴀ愀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀最攀渀琀猀⸀ 䔀砀琀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 甀猀攀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 洀愀搀攀 漀昀 最漀氀搀Ⰰ 猀椀氀椀挀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀愀琀攀砀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀猀 猀甀戀猀琀爀愀琀攀猀 琀漀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀渀琀椀戀漀搀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀渀琀椀最攀渀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀琀琀愀挀栀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀猀猀愀礀椀渀最 愀渀搀 椀渀 搀爀甀最 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䰀漀挀欀ⴀ愀渀搀ⴀ欀攀礀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀栀攀 戀椀漀琀椀渀ⴀ愀瘀椀搀椀渀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 愀猀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀愀戀氀攀 猀琀爀漀渀最 愀搀栀攀猀椀瘀攀猀⸀ 䌀漀氀氀漀椀搀愀氀 搀椀猀瀀攀爀猀椀漀渀猀 栀愀瘀攀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀攀渀 甀猀攀搀 愀猀 愀 猀漀氀瘀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ愀猀猀攀洀戀氀椀渀最 氀愀洀攀氀氀愀爀 瀀栀愀猀攀猀 漀昀 猀甀爀昀愀挀琀愀渀琀猀⸀  ਀吀栀攀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 椀猀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 戀椀漀洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 渀漀瘀攀氀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 漀爀 戀椀漀ⴀ攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀攀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 渀愀琀椀漀渀✀猀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀⸀  ਀ TOPIC B6 Mission Integration and Flight Support ਀ NASA has an enabling goal, for supporting its strategic missions, to extend the duration and boundaries of human space flight to create new opportunities for exploration and discovery. It is important that the space missions and experiments for biological and physical research be managed using new tools, models, and procedures that improve flight payload integration and operations. Proposals are sought for innovative ideas and efficiencies for International Space Station payloads integration, as well as manned exploration missions involving experiment logistics, processing and operations. ਀ B6.01 Telescience and Flight Payload Operations ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀䤀琀 椀猀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 戀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀搀 甀猀椀渀最 渀攀眀 琀漀漀氀猀Ⰰ 洀漀搀攀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀搀甀爀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀攀氀攀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 一䄀匀䄀 眀愀渀琀猀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 搀愀琀愀⼀椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀⸀  ਀吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 洀愀渀礀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 甀猀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 一䄀匀䄀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 搀愀琀愀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 唀⸀匀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 琀栀爀攀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 甀猀攀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 搀愀琀愀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 琀礀瀀攀 椀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀 ⠀倀䤀⤀⼀瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀爀 ⠀倀䐀⤀ 眀栀漀 椀猀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀Ⰰ 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀琀琀攀渀搀愀渀琀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀栀漀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀猀 琀栀攀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀 漀爀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 琀礀瀀攀 椀猀 琀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀愀爀礀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀⠀猀⤀ 眀栀漀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀猀 椀渀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 椀琀猀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 猀攀渀搀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀栀椀爀搀 琀礀瀀攀 椀猀 琀栀攀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 甀猀攀爀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 最爀愀搀甀愀琀攀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 猀攀挀漀渀搀愀爀礀 猀挀栀漀漀氀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 甀猀攀爀猀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 搀愀琀愀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 倀䤀 漀爀 甀渀瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀搀 搀愀琀愀⸀ 䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 琀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀 琀攀氀攀洀攀琀爀礀Ⰰ 瘀椀攀眀 瘀椀搀攀漀 昀爀漀洀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䤀匀匀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀 眀椀琀栀 一䄀匀䄀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀漀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀 漀爀 戀攀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀搀 椀渀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䤀匀匀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀 甀猀攀爀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 倀愀礀氀漀愀搀 伀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 ⠀倀伀䤀䌀⤀ 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䴀愀爀猀栀愀氀氀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 渀攀愀爀 䠀甀渀琀猀瘀椀氀氀攀Ⰰ 䄀氀愀戀愀洀愀Ⰰ 漀爀 昀爀漀洀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 挀攀渀琀攀爀猀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 愀琀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 一䄀匀䄀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 戀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀攀搀 甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 椀渀瀀甀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 瘀椀搀攀漀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀Ⰰ 琀攀氀攀洀攀琀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀爀攀眀⸀ 䤀渀瀀甀琀猀 愀氀氀漀眀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀攀爀 琀漀 猀攀渀搀 琀漀 栀椀猀⼀栀攀爀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀 漀爀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀猀 琀漀 挀栀愀渀最攀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䈀攀昀漀爀攀 愀渀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 挀愀渀 最攀琀 甀渀搀攀爀眀愀礀Ⰰ 愀渀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀攀爀 洀甀猀琀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 猀挀栀攀搀甀氀攀 漀渀戀漀愀爀搀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 氀椀欀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 挀爀攀眀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀搀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 椀猀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀氀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀⼀挀愀爀爀椀攀爀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 琀栀攀 倀䤀⼀倀䐀 漀爀 栀椀猀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀瘀攀猀 琀漀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀 瘀椀愀 瘀漀椀挀攀 漀爀 瘀椀搀攀漀 琀攀氀攀挀漀渀昀攀爀攀渀挀椀渀最⸀ 吀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 愀 甀猀攀爀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 昀爀漀洀 栀椀猀⼀栀攀爀 栀漀洀攀 戀愀猀攀Ⰰ 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 漀昀昀椀挀攀Ⰰ 漀爀 栀漀洀攀㬀 琀栀攀猀攀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 ⠀挀漀洀洀攀渀猀甀爀愀琀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 氀攀瘀攀氀 漀昀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⤀ 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀爀ᤀ猠 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀琀 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 挀漀猀琀⸀ 䌀漀猀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀漀琀栀 琀栀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀 甀瀀漀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀猀攀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 爀甀渀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀攀爀✀猀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ਀倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 昀漀爀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 椀搀攀愀猀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 漀昀 搀愀琀愀⼀椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀琀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀 愀渀搀 漀渀 洀愀渀渀攀搀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀Ⰰ 愀琀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 甀猀攀 愀猀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀⸀  ਀䈀㘀⸀　㈀ 䘀氀椀最栀琀 倀愀礀氀漀愀搀 䰀漀最椀猀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 倀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䌀爀攀眀 䄀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀  Lead Center: MSFC ਀ It is important that the space missions and experiments for biological and physical research be managed using new tools, models, and procedures that improve flight payload integration and associated activities. Proposals are sought for more effective and efficient flight payload logistics, integration, processing, and crew activities. As experiment hardware is developed, concurrent planning for logistics, processing, and for both analytical and physical payload integration, must take place. One objective is to minimize crew time required for experiment handling, transfer, installation, and operation through automation, procedural efficiencies, and other means. Some potential areas for payload improvements include, but are not limited to, the following:਀ · Acoustics – noise level reduction਀뜀ऀ倀漀眀攀爀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀  · EMI/EMC reduction ਀뜀ऀ吀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀  · Materials usage ਀뜀ऀ䐀愀琀愀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀⼀栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最  · Safety ਀뜀ऀ吀攀猀琀 愀渀搀 挀栀攀挀欀漀甀琀  · Systems integration ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀最椀猀琀椀挀猀  · Automation, robotics, nanotechnology ਀뜀ऀ吀爀愀椀渀椀渀最  ਀ TOPIC B7 Outreach ਀ NASA has the mission to inspire the next generation of explorers with the goal of engaging the public in shaping and sharing the experience of exploration and discovery. The objective is to improve science literacy by engaging the public in NASA missions and discoveries, and their benefits, through such avenues as public programs, community outreach, mass media, and the Internet. The Biological and Physical Research (BPR) Enterprise conducts basic and applied research in the biological and physical sciences, and through partnerships with industry in market-driven research. It is imperative that all sectors of the public, including professional, technical, science, and the general public, understand what biological and physical research is taking place, why it is taking place, and how such research improves quality of life. Proposals are sought for innovative methods for analysis, metrics development, audience assessment, and outreach product development to improve public outreach planning and implementation. ਀ B7.01 Development of Improved Outreach Planning and Implementation Products ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 瀀氀愀挀攀猀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 漀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ ਀䈀倀刀 猀攀攀欀猀 琀漀 甀猀攀 椀琀猀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 攀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 氀椀琀攀爀愀挀礀 昀爀漀洀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀 猀挀栀漀漀氀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 氀攀瘀攀氀 愀渀搀 戀攀礀漀渀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀猀 瘀愀氀甀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 戀礀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀愀琀椀渀最 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 攀砀挀椀琀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 眀愀渀琀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⼀搀愀琀愀 愀戀漀甀琀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 猀挀栀漀漀氀猀Ⰰ 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀⸀  ਀倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 漀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 漀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 愀氀氀漀眀 漀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 一䄀匀䄀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀愀氀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀⸀ 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 愀渀搀 攀搀甀挀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀愀琀椀渀最 猀攀挀漀渀搀愀爀礀 愀渀搀 挀漀氀氀攀最攀ⴀ氀攀瘀攀氀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀✀ 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀 椀渀Ⰰ 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 匀椀洀椀氀愀爀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 愀挀挀漀洀洀漀搀愀琀攀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀洀漀琀攀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 洀甀猀攀甀洀猀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 挀愀洀瀀猀⸀ 䔀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 漀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 ⠀愀氀猀漀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 䈀㜀⸀　㈀⤀ 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䔀砀栀椀戀椀琀猀 愀渀搀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀⼀椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 眀漀爀欀猀栀漀瀀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀挀栀漀漀氀猀⸀  · Development and distribution of outreach brochures, newsletters to the general public. ਀뜀ऀ匀琀甀搀攀渀琀 昀氀椀最栀琀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀猀⸀  · Adult Ambassador Program, e.g., advocacy speakers for community education and outreach events ਀뜀ऀ䄀氀氀椀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 䌀漀氀氀攀最椀愀琀攀 䄀氀甀洀渀椀 䰀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 圀攀攀欀攀渀搀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀猀⸀  · Development of Partnership with retirement organizations for a planning and implementation of a program with appropriate learning experiences. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 ∀氀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀椀攀猀∀ 昀漀爀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 挀攀渀琀攀爀猀⼀洀甀猀攀甀洀猀⸀  · Publication of articles in general interest periodicals ਀뜀ऀ倀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀猀 椀渀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 樀漀甀爀渀愀氀猀  · Multimedia outreach products ਀뜀ऀ伀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 眀攀戀 猀椀琀攀猀  · Education briefs, fact sheets, press releases ਀ B7.02 Innovative Methods of Outreach Analysis, Assessment, and Metrics Development ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 瀀氀愀挀攀猀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 漀渀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 漀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ ਀匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 愀猀猀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀稀攀 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 漀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 䈀倀刀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀⸀ 䈀刀倀 最漀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 琀漀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 攀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 氀椀琀攀爀愀挀礀 昀爀漀洀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀 猀挀栀漀漀氀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 氀攀瘀攀氀 愀渀搀 戀攀礀漀渀搀⸀ 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 最漀愀氀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 漀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 ⠀愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀攀 氀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀琀挀栀 猀攀氀攀挀琀攀搀 䈀倀刀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀⤀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 氀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 瘀攀渀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 瘀愀爀椀攀搀 愀最攀 最爀漀甀瀀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀椀漀爀椀琀礀 漀爀搀攀爀 漀昀 愀琀琀攀渀搀愀渀挀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 瘀愀氀甀愀戀氀攀 椀渀 栀攀氀瀀椀渀最 昀漀爀洀甀氀愀琀攀 眀栀椀挀栀 瘀攀渀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀甀搀椀攀渀挀攀猀 琀漀 琀愀爀最攀琀⸀ 䔀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 漀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 ⠀愀氀猀漀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 䈀㜀⸀　㄀⤀ 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䔀砀栀椀戀椀琀猀 愀渀搀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀⼀椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 眀漀爀欀猀栀漀瀀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀挀栀漀漀氀猀⸀  · Development and distribution of outreach brochures, newsletters to the general public. ਀뜀ऀ匀琀甀搀攀渀琀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 䔀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀猀⸀  · Adult Ambassador Program, e.g., advocacy speakers for community education and outreach events ਀뜀ऀ䄀氀氀椀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 䌀漀氀氀攀最椀愀琀攀 䄀氀甀洀渀椀 䰀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 圀攀攀欀攀渀搀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀猀⸀  · Development of Partnership with retirement organizations for a planning and implementation of a program with appropriate learning experiences. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 ∀氀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀椀攀猀∀ 昀漀爀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 挀攀渀琀攀爀猀⼀洀甀猀攀甀洀猀⸀  · Publication of articles in general interest periodicals ਀뜀ऀ倀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀猀 椀渀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 樀漀甀爀渀愀氀猀  · Multimedia outreach products ਀뜀ऀ伀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀 眀攀戀 猀椀琀攀猀  · Education briefs, fact sheets, press releases ਀  ਀ ਀ ਀  9.1.3 EARTH SCIENCE਀ NASA’s Earth Science Enterprise uses satellites and other tools to intensively study the Earth in an effort to expand our understanding of how natural processes affect us, and how we might be affecting them. Such studies will yield improved weather forecasts, tools for managing agriculture and forests, information for fishermen and local planners, and, eventually, the ability to predict how the climate will change in the future. Earth Science has three main components: a series of Earth-observing satellites, and advanced data system, and teams of scientists who will study the data. Key areas of study include clouds; water and energy cycles; oceans; the chemistry of the atmosphere; land surface; water and ecosystem processes; glaciers and polar ice sheets; and the solid Earth. Working together with the nations of the world, Earth Science seeks to improve our knowledge of the Earth and to use that knowledge to the benefit of all humanity.਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀愀爀琀栀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀 ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䔀㄀ 䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀ऀ㄀　㠀 E1.01 Passive Optics 108਀䔀㄀⸀　㈀ 䰀椀搀愀爀 刀攀洀漀琀攀 匀攀渀猀椀渀最ऀ㄀　㤀 E1.03 In Situ Sensors 109਀䔀㄀⸀　㐀 倀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 䴀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀ऀ㄀㄀㄀ E1.05 Active Microwave 113਀䔀㄀⸀　㘀 倀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 䤀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 ⴀ 匀甀戀 䴀椀氀氀椀洀攀琀攀爀ऀ㄀㄀㔀 E1.07 Thermal Control for Instruments 116਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䔀㈀ 倀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀ऀ㄀㄀㜀 E2.01 Structures and Materials 117਀䔀㈀⸀　㈀ 䜀甀椀搀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 一愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀ऀ㄀㄀㜀 E2.03 Command and Data Handling 119਀䔀㈀⸀　㐀 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 一攀愀爀ⴀ䔀愀爀琀栀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀ऀ㄀㈀　 E2.05 On-Board Propulsion 122਀䔀㈀⸀　㘀 䔀渀攀爀最礀 匀琀漀爀愀最攀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀ऀ㄀㈀㌀ E2.07 Energy Conversion for Space Applications 124਀䔀㈀⸀　㠀 倀漀眀攀爀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 䐀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀ऀ㄀㈀㔀 TOPIC E3 Advanced Information Systems Technology 125਀䔀㌀⸀　㄀ 䬀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 䐀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 愀渀搀 䐀愀琀愀 䘀甀猀椀漀渀ऀ㄀㈀㘀 E3.02 Automation and Planning 126਀䔀㌀⸀　㌀ 䠀椀最栀 倀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 䌀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 一攀琀眀漀爀欀椀渀最ऀ㄀㈀㜀 E3.04 Geospatial Data Analysis Processing and Visualization Technologies 127਀䔀㌀⸀　㔀 䐀愀琀愀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 嘀椀猀甀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀ऀ㄀㈀㠀 E3.06 On-Board Science for Decisions and Actions 129਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䔀㐀 䄀瀀瀀氀礀椀渀最 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀ऀ㄀㈀㤀 E4.01 Innovative Tools and Techniques Supporting the Practical Uses of Earth Science Observations 129਀䔀㐀⸀　㈀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䔀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 倀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 吀漀漀氀猀ऀ㄀㌀　 E4.03 Wireless Technologies for Spatial Data Input, Manipulation and Distribution 131਀  TOPIC E1 Instruments for Earth Science Measurements ਀ NASA's Earth Science Enterprise is studying how our global environment is changing. Using the unique perspective available from space and airborne platforms, NASA is observing, documenting, and assessing large-scale environmental processes, with emphasis on biology and biogeochemistry of ecosystems and the global carbon cycle, global water and energy cycle, climate variability and prediction, atmospheric chemistry, and solid Earth and natural hazards. A major objective of the ESE instrument development programs is to implement science measurement capabilities with small or more affordable spacecraft so that the development programs can meet multiple mission needs and therefore make the best use of limited resources. The rapid development of small, low cost remote sensing and in situ instruments is essential to achieving this objective. Consequently, the objective of the Instruments for Earth Science Measurements SBIR topic is to develop and demonstrate instrument component and subsystem technologies which reduce the risk, cost, size, and development time of Earth observing instruments, and enable new Earth observation measurements. The following subtopics are concomitant with this objective and are organized by meas-urement technique. ਀ E1.01 Passive Optics ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䰀愀刀䌀 Participating Center(s): ARC, GSFC, JPL਀ The following technologies are of interest to NASA for development through the 2003 SBIR program in the remote sensing Subtopic “Passive Optics.” Passive optical remote sensing generally requires large apertures, and certainly large throughput devices. NASA is interested primarily in instrument technologies suitable for aircraft or space flight platforms, and these inherently prefer low mass, low power, fast measurement times, and a high degree of robustness to survive vibrations in flight or at launch. Wave-lengths of interest range from UV through the far infrared. Technical and scientific leads at NASA have given careful consideration to the technology areas described below, and responses are solicited for these topics. Development of techniques, components and instrument concepts that are likely to be available for use in actual deployed devices/systems within the next few years is encouraged. Technologies suitable only for micro-optics are not applicable to this subtopic. ਀ · Stiff actuator technology designed to produce precisely controlled uniform motion of large optical elements intended for use in tunable Fabry-Perot and FTS instruments. Motion ranges of particular interest include 20-30 microns, 1-2 mm, and 5 -100 cm. Techniques applicable to very cold tem-perature (<150 K) and vacuum operation of optical components equipped with these actuators are especially desired. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀漀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 氀愀爀最攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀 ⠀㸀 ㄀ 椀渀挀栀 搀椀愀洀攀琀攀爀⤀Ⰰ 瘀攀爀礀 渀愀爀爀漀眀 戀愀渀搀 ⠀㰀㔀 挀洀ⴀ㄀ 䘀圀䠀䴀⤀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀瀀甀琀 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 ⠀㌀ⴀ㄀㔀 洀椀挀爀漀渀⤀ 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 昀椀氀琀攀爀猀⸀  · Technology and methods for specification and very accurate characterization of optics fabricated via deterministic (non-random) processes. ਀뜀ऀ吀甀渀愀戀氀攀 栀椀最栀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 唀嘀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㌀　　ⴀ㌀㔀　 渀洀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 爀愀渀最攀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀最栀 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 攀昀昀椀ⴀ挀椀攀渀挀礀 ⠀㠀　─⤀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 渀漀椀猀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀洀戀椀攀渀琀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · High performance four-bands two-dimensional (2-D) arrays (128x128 elements) in the 0.3 – 2.5-micron wavelength range with high quantum efficiencies (60% - 80%) in all spectral bands, low noise, and ambient temperature operation. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 猀甀椀琀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 漀渀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀洀攀琀爀礀 漀昀 愀攀爀漀猀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 挀氀漀甀搀猀 椀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀ᤀ猠 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀⸀ 䌀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀稀攀爀 愀渀搀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 愀猀 愀 洀愀琀挀栀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 漀昀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 　⸀㔀ⴀ㄀⸀㔀 洀椀挀爀漀渀猀⸀ 唀猀攀 愀渀搀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 戀漀琀栀 氀椀渀攀愀爀 愀渀搀 挀椀爀ⴀ挀甀氀愀爀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀⸀  · Technology which advances capabilities in airborne sunphotometry, especially combining sky-pointing or sky-imaging with sun-tracking measurements, improving aerosol-gas separation (e.g., via improved spectral resolution), improving or simplifying detector and/or filter technology that is specifically geared towards airborne measurements. ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 猀椀最渀愀氀 琀漀 渀漀椀猀攀 䤀刀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 昀椀爀攀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 ⠀㌀ⴀ㄀㌀ 洀椀挀爀漀渀猀⤀ 眀椀琀栀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀椀最渀愀氀 琀漀 渀漀椀猀攀 爀愀琀椀漀 琀漀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀　Ⰰ　　　 琀漀 ㄀ 愀渀搀 猀洀愀氀氀 猀椀稀攀⸀ 䘀漀爀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀爀爀愀礀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀攀 琀漀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀攀爀 戀愀渀搀眀椀搀琀栀 ⠀縀 ㌀ⴀ㔀 洀椀挀爀漀渀猀Ⰰ⤀ 戀甀琀 猀琀椀氀氀 瀀爀漀ⴀ瘀椀搀椀渀最 戀攀琀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀　Ⰰ　　　㨀㄀ 猀椀最渀愀氀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ渀漀椀猀攀 爀愀琀椀漀 瘀椀愀 愀 猀椀渀最氀攀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀 昀爀愀洀攀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀  · Uncooled detector technology such as microbolometer arrays in the thermal IR range with array size 2 or 3 times larger than the present size of 240x320 elements. ਀뜀ऀ伀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀漀 栀椀最栀氀礀 愀挀挀甀爀愀琀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 愀洀洀漀渀椀愀 搀椀猀琀爀椀ⴀ戀甀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀ᤀ猠 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 昀爀漀洀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 漀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀⸀ 䄀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 愀琀 琀栀攀 ㄀ⴀ㈀ 瀀愀爀琀猀 瀀攀爀 戀椀氀氀椀漀渀 爀愀渀最攀 椀猀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀  ਀䔀㄀⸀　㈀ 䰀椀搀愀爀 刀攀洀漀琀攀 匀攀渀猀椀渀最  Lead Center: LaRC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䜀匀䘀䌀Ⰰ 䨀倀䰀  ਀䠀椀最栀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 昀爀漀洀 最爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀Ⰰ 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀戀漀爀渀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀爀琀 氀椀搀愀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 眀椀琀栀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 漀渀 挀漀洀瀀愀挀琀ⴀ渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 攀砀瀀愀渀搀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀Ⰰ 猀瀀愀挀攀戀漀爀渀攀Ⰰ 漀爀 唀渀洀愀渀渀攀搀 䄀攀爀椀愀氀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 ⠀唀䄀嘀⤀ 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 愀爀攀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 搀攀猀椀爀愀戀氀攀⸀ 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 瀀愀挀欀愀最攀猀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 渀攀攀搀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀搀愀爀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 猀瀀攀挀椀攀猀 ⠀漀稀漀渀攀Ⰰ 眀愀琀攀爀 瘀愀瀀漀爀Ⰰ 挀愀爀戀漀渀 搀椀漀砀椀搀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀攀琀栀愀渀攀⤀⸀ 䔀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 椀猀 漀渀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 唀䄀嘀猀⤀ 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀戀漀爀渀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀⸀  · Lidar instrument and components for cloud and aerosol measurements, with emphasis on aerosol optical properties. Emphasis is on next-generation systems such as multiple wavelengths, high spectral resolution (HSRL), or other advanced measurement concepts. ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀搀愀爀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 搀椀爀攀挀琀ⴀ搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀琀 ⠀栀攀琀攀爀漀搀礀渀攀⤀ 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 眀椀渀搀 瀀爀漀昀椀氀攀猀⸀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 䘀愀戀爀礀ⴀ倀攀爀漀琀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 猀挀愀渀ⴀ渀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀瀀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀⼀猀挀愀渀渀攀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀琀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 戀漀琀栀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀琀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䔀洀ⴀ瀀栀愀猀椀猀 椀猀 漀渀 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀戀漀爀渀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ ⠀一漀琀攀㨀 昀椀戀攀爀 漀瀀琀椀挀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀瘀攀 琀漀 琀栀椀猀 愀爀攀愀⸀⤀  · Lidar instruments and components for measurement of vegetation. Scanning and/or imaging ap-proaches are preferred. Emphasis is on measurements from airborne and spaceborne platforms. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 渀攀攀搀猀 愀戀漀瘀攀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最㨀  - High efficiency lasers, laser components, and optics ਀ⴀऀ匀漀氀椀搀ⴀ猀琀愀琀攀 氀愀猀攀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 搀椀漀搀攀 瀀甀洀瀀椀渀最  - Non-linear optical materials for frequency conversion ਀ⴀऀ吀栀攀爀洀愀氀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 挀漀漀氀攀搀 搀椀漀搀攀 瀀甀洀瀀攀搀 猀漀氀椀搀 猀琀愀琀攀 氀愀猀攀爀猀  - Large aperture, lightweight telescopes and scanning optics ਀ⴀऀ䔀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 渀漀椀猀攀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 猀椀渀最氀攀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀 愀爀爀愀礀猀  - Data acquisition systems (may also include data acquisition algorithms) ਀ E1.03 In Situ Sensors ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀匀䘀䌀 Participating Center(s): ARC, MSFC ਀ Proposals are sought for the development of in situ measurement systems that will enhance the scientific and commercial utility of data products from the Earth Science Enterprise program and that will enable the development of new products of interest to commercial and governmental entities around the world. Technology innovation areas of interest include:਀ · Autonomous, reusable, GPS-located ocean platforms to measure and transmit to remote terminals upper ocean and lower atmosphere properties including temperature, salinity, momentum, light, precipitation, and biology. Similar sensor packages for use onboard ships while under way. ਀뜀ऀ匀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 洀攀愀猀甀爀椀渀最 挀氀漀甀搀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 眀愀琀攀爀 漀爀 椀挀攀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀 ⠀洀愀猀猀⤀ 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 漀渀 爀愀搀椀漀猀漀渀搀攀猀Ⰰ 搀爀漀瀀猀漀渀搀攀猀Ⰰ 愀攀爀漀猀漀渀搀攀猀Ⰰ 琀攀琀栀攀爀攀搀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 欀椀琀攀猀⸀  · Instruments for measuring radiation flux (broadband shortwave and longwave), ozone and the bromine and chlorine compounds important to ozone chemistry, and the geomagnetic field. Sen-sors should be capable of use on Ultra Long Duration Balloons flying at 35 km altitude for periods over 100 days. ਀뜀ऀ圀椀搀攀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 爀愀搀椀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 栀椀最栀ⴀ猀瀀攀攀搀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀氀漀甀搀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 氀椀焀甀椀搀 愀渀搀 椀挀攀 瀀栀愀猀攀 瀀爀攀挀椀瀀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 椀渀 栀愀爀猀栀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 漀渀ⴀ戀漀愀爀搀 猀栀椀瀀猀 愀渀搀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀⤀⸀  · Compact, lightweight instrumentation for in situ discrimination of biological and inert airborne particles, including genetic identification capability. ਀뜀ऀ䄀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 䜀倀匀ⴀ氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 爀攀洀漀琀攀氀礀 猀攀渀猀攀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 眀椀渀搀 瀀爀漀昀椀氀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 琀爀漀瀀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 愀渀搀 氀漀眀攀爀 猀琀爀愀琀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀最栀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀⸀  · Systems and devices for measurement of atmospheric aerosol chemical, microphysical, and radia-tive properties. Autonomy is desired for ground-station network applications and deployment aboard aircraft. ਀뜀ऀ匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀 猀椀琀甀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 愀渀搀 洀愀最ⴀ渀攀琀椀挀 昀椀攀氀搀猀Ⰰ 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 攀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Systems to measure line- and area-averaged rain rate at the surface over lines of at least 100 me-ters and areas of at least 100x100 meters. ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ瀀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 椀渀攀爀琀椀愀氀 渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 䜀倀匀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀椀渀最 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瀀愀琀栀 漀昀 爀攀洀漀琀攀氀礀 瀀椀氀漀琀攀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀⸀  · Low-cost, stable (<1% over several months), portable radiometric calibration devices in the shortwave spectral region (0.3 to 3 microns) for field characterization of radiance instruments like sunphotometers and spectrometers. ਀뜀ऀ匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 椀渀 猀椀琀甀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 琀爀愀挀攀 最愀猀攀猀 爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀琀 琀漀 最氀漀戀愀氀 琀爀漀瀀漀ⴀ猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀愀琀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 愀戀漀愀爀搀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀⸀  · Miniaturized, low (12V DC) power instruments especially suited for small boat operations that are capable of adequately resolving, at the appropriate accuracy, the complex vertical structure (opti-cal, hydrographic, and biogeochemical) of the coastal ocean (turbid) water column. Sensors that can be easily integrated within a digital (serial) network to measure the apparent and inherent opti-cal properties of sea water are preferred. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 漀挀攀愀渀椀挀 挀愀爀戀漀渀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 戀椀挀愀爀戀漀渀愀琀攀 挀漀渀ⴀ挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 搀椀猀猀漀氀瘀攀搀 愀渀搀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀琀攀 漀爀最愀渀椀挀 洀愀琀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀氀甀漀爀攀猀挀攀渀挀攀 氀椀渀攀 栀攀椀最栀琀⤀ 琀栀愀琀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 甀瀀漀渀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 ⠀挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 唀嘀⤀ 漀爀 戀爀椀渀最 攀洀攀爀最椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 洀愀琀甀爀椀琀礀 ⠀氀椀焀甀椀搀 挀漀爀攀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 昀椀戀攀爀 愀渀搀 栀漀氀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀 昀椀氀琀攀爀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⤀⸀  · Portable field instruments for measuring ecosystem-atmosphere carbon exchange and ecosystem parameters affecting carbon exchange, such as, a) soil and vegetation carbon stocks and change; b) isotopic abundances and ratios of biogenic chemicals using small (on the order of milligrams) samples; c) nondestructive mass measurements of large trees using direct mechanical or biophysi-cal methods (rather than allometric correlations); and d) compact, light-weight sensors providing well-calibrated hyperspectral images of complex scenes at short ranges. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 洀攀愀猀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 戀椀漀洀愀猀猀 挀栀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 椀渀 搀攀渀猀攀 瘀攀最攀琀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 挀愀渀漀瀀椀攀猀 猀栀漀爀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 㔀 洀Ⰰ 愀琀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀椀攀猀 漀昀 　⸀㔀 琀漀 ㄀ 欀最 洀ⴀ㈀ 愀渀搀 ㄀　 琀漀 ㈀㔀 欀洀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 猀挀愀氀攀猀 ⠀爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀攀搀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 氀椀搀愀爀Ⰰ 栀礀瀀攀爀猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀ⴀ洀甀氀琀椀愀渀最甀氀愀爀ⴀ栀礀瀀攀爀猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 椀洀愀最攀爀礀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 匀䄀刀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 匀䄀刀ⴀ瀀爀漀昀椀氀椀渀最 氀椀搀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⤀⸀ ਀  E1.04 Passive Microwave ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀匀䘀䌀 Participating Center(s): JPL ਀ Proposals are sought for the development of innovative passive microwave technology in support of Earth System Science measurements of the Earth's atmosphere and surface. These microwave radiometry technology innovations are intended for use in the microwave frequency band from, principally, about 1 to 300 GHz, but also with applications outside that band. The key science goal is to increase our understanding of the interacting physical, chemical and biological processes that form the complex Earth system. Atmospheric measurements of interest include climate and meteorological parameters, including temperature, water vapor, clouds, precipitation, aerosols; air pollution; and chemical constituents such as ozone, NOX, and carbon monoxide. Earth surface measurements of interest include water, land and ice surface temperatures, land surface moisture, snow coverage and water content, sea surface salinity and winds, and multi-spectral imaging. ਀ Technology innovations are sought that will provide the needed concepts, components, subsystems, or complete systems that will improve these needed Earth System Science measurements. Technology innovations should address enhanced measurement capabilities such as improved spatial or temporal resolution, improved spectral resolution, or improved calibration accuracies. Technology innovations should provide reduced size, weight, power, improved reliability and lower cost. The innovations should expand the capabilities of airborne systems (manned and unmanned) as well as next generation spaceborne systems. Highly innovative approaches that open new pathways are an important element of competitive proposals under this solicitation. ਀ Specific technology innovation areas include: ਀뜀ऀ䤀洀愀最椀渀最 爀愀搀椀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀爀猀 漀爀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀爀 愀爀爀愀礀猀 漀渀 愀 挀栀椀瀀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀氀甀砀 爀愀搀椀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀猀 ⠀㄀ ⴀ 㔀　　 䜀䠀稀⤀⸀  · Large aperture, deployable antenna systems suitable for highly reliable space deployment with RMS surface accuracy approaching 1/50th wavelength. Such large apertures can be real or syn-thetic apertures. Of key importance is the ability for a highly compact launch configuration, followed by a highly reliable erection and resultant surface configuration. Novel approaches to beam steering for these very large aperture antenna systems are also desired. ਀뜀ऀ䔀渀栀愀渀挀攀搀 漀渀戀漀愀爀搀 搀愀琀愀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀氀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀氀攀砀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀ 匀甀挀栀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 椀洀愀最攀 爀攀挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀ⴀ琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 攀渀愀戀氀攀 栀椀最栀 挀漀洀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 爀愀琀椀漀猀㬀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 最攀漀氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 最攀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀椀最椀琀愀氀 椀洀愀最攀 搀愀琀愀⸀  · Techniques for the detection and removal of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) in microwave radiometers are desired. Microwave radiometer measurements can be contaminated by RFI that is within or near the reception band of the radiometer. Electronic design approaches and subsystems are desired that can be incorporated into microwave radiometers to detect and suppress RFI, thus insuring higher data quality. ਀뜀ऀ一攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 爀愀搀椀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 最爀攀愀琀氀礀 椀洀ⴀ瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀⸀ 䠀椀最栀 攀洀椀猀猀椀瘀椀琀礀 ⠀渀攀愀爀 戀氀愀挀欀 戀漀搀礀⤀ 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀琀攀渀 甀猀攀搀 愀猀 漀渀ⴀ戀漀愀爀搀 挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 琀愀爀最攀琀猀 昀漀爀 洀愀渀礀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 爀愀搀椀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 猀攀攀欀猀 眀愀礀猀 琀漀 猀椀最ⴀ渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀氀礀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 眀攀椀最栀琀 漀昀 愀氀甀洀椀渀甀洀 挀漀爀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀礀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀椀渀最 琀栀攀 甀渀椀昀漀爀洀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 琀愀爀最攀琀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 猀攀攀欀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 渀攀眀 搀攀ⴀ猀椀最渀猀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀氀礀 猀琀愀戀氀攀 渀漀椀猀攀ⴀ搀椀漀搀攀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀猀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 漀渀ⴀ戀漀愀爀搀 挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 伀昀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 瘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀 挀漀爀爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 渀漀椀猀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀渀最 挀漀爀ⴀ爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀ⴀ琀礀瀀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀爀猀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 愀渀搀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀洀攀琀爀椀挀 爀愀搀椀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀⸀  · New approaches, concepts and techniques are sought for microwave radiometer system calibration over or within the 1-300 GHz frequency band, that provide end to end calibration to better than 0.1Ø°, including corrections for temperature changes and other potential sources of instrumental measurement drift and error. ਀뜀ऀ䘀漀挀愀氀 瀀氀愀渀攀 愀爀爀愀礀 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀 昀漀爀 氀愀爀最攀ⴀ愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Microwave and millimeter wave frequency sources are sought as an alternative to Gunn diode oscillators. Compact (<10cm^3) self contained oscillators with output frequency between 40 GHz and 120 GHz, low phase noise <125 dBc/Hz @ 1kHz, and high output power (>100 mW) are needed.਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀 渀漀椀猀攀 ⠀㰀㄀　　　䬀⤀ 眀椀琀栀 氀漀眀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 氀漀猀猀 ⠀㰀 㘀 搀䈀⤀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀愀挀琀氀礀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 ⠀㰀 㠀 挀洀帀㌀⤀ 栀攀琀攀爀漀ⴀ搀礀渀攀 洀椀砀攀爀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀椀渀最 氀漀眀 氀漀挀愀氀 漀猀挀椀氀氀愀琀漀爀 搀爀椀瘀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 ⠀㰀㈀洀圀⤀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀礀 爀愀渀最攀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 ㄀　　 䜀䠀稀 愀渀搀 ㄀ 吀䠀稀⸀ 䴀甀氀琀椀ⴀ䜀䠀稀⸀ 䰀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 㐀ⴀ戀椀琀 甀渀搀攀爀猀愀洀瀀氀椀渀最 愀渀愀氀漀最ⴀ琀漀ⴀ搀椀最椀琀愀氀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀琀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 搀椀最椀琀愀氀 猀椀最渀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 氀漀最椀挀 挀椀爀挀甀椀琀猀⸀  · Low power lightweight microwave radiometers are desired that are able to operate stably over long periods, with DC power consumption of less than 2 W and preferably less than 1 W, not in-cluding any mechanisms. ਀뜀ऀ䴀䴀䤀䌀 䰀一䄀 昀漀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀戀漀爀渀攀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 爀愀搀椀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 挀漀瘀攀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀礀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 ㄀㘀㔀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㌀ 䜀䠀稀Ⰰ 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀 渀漀椀猀攀 昀椀最甀爀攀 漀昀 㘀⸀　 搀䈀 漀爀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 ⠀愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 氀漀眀 ㄀⼀昀 渀漀椀猀攀⤀⸀  · NASA is developing satellite systems that will use passive and active microwave sensing at L-band and other frequencies to measure sea surface salinity, and soil moisture to a depth of ~ 10 cm. In support of these global research efforts, the following ancillary measurement systems are required: ਀ⴀऀ䤀渀攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀漀 最爀漀甀渀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 洀攀愀猀甀爀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 ㄀　　Ⰰ　　　 欀洀㈀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 ㈀　 欀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀攀 琀栀漀猀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ戀漀爀渀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 最爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ眀愀瘀攀 瀀爀漀瀀愀最愀琀椀漀渀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀 漀昀 爀愀搀椀漀 猀椀最渀愀氀猀 昀爀漀洀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 洀愀礀 猀愀琀椀猀昀礀 琀栀愀琀 渀攀攀搀⸀ 䄀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 愀戀猀漀氀甀琀攀 瘀愀氀甀攀猀 漀昀 猀漀椀氀 洀漀椀猀琀甀爀攀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 椀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 挀愀渀 戀攀 挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀攀搀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀琀氀礀 愀琀 猀甀椀琀愀戀氀攀 猀椀琀攀猀⸀ 䌀漀猀琀 瀀攀爀 挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 愀爀攀愀Ⰰ 愀甀琀漀渀漀ⴀ洀漀甀猀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀搀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 愀渀搀 搀攀瀀琀栀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀漀椀氀 洀漀椀猀琀甀爀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  - Autonomous GPS-located ocean platforms are needed that can measure upper ocean and lower atmosphere properties including temperature, salinity, momentum, light, precipita-tion, and biology, and can communicate the resultant data and computational or configuration instructions to and from remote terminals. Similar sensor packages are de-sired for use onboard ships while under way. This includes the development of intelligent platforms that can change measurement strategy upon receipt of a message from a com-mand center. ਀ⴀऀ䄀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀 攀愀爀琀栀 愀渀搀 漀挀攀愀渀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 氀漀眀攀爀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 猀漀椀氀 洀漀椀猀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀挀椀瀀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 眀椀渀搀 猀瀀攀攀搀Ⰰ 猀攀愀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 猀愀氀椀渀椀琀礀Ⰰ 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 椀爀爀愀搀椀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 栀甀洀椀搀椀琀礀⸀  - Novel approaches to beam steering for these very large aperture antenna systems are also desired. This includes:਀꜀ऀ氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 猀琀攀攀爀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 搀甀愀氀ⴀ瀀漀氀愀爀椀稀攀搀Ⰰ 瀀栀愀猀攀搀ⴀ愀爀爀愀礀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀Ⰰ  § shared aperture, multi-frequency antennas਀꜀ऀ栀椀最栀ⴀ攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 瀀栀愀猀攀ⴀ猀琀愀戀氀攀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀⼀爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀⸀  § Advanced antenna array architectures including scalable, reconfigurable and autonomous antennas਀꜀ऀ匀瀀愀爀猀攀 愀爀爀愀礀猀Ⰰ 搀椀最椀琀愀氀 戀攀愀洀昀漀爀洀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀Ⰰ 琀椀洀攀 搀漀洀愀椀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀栀愀猀攀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 § Distributed digital beamforming and on-board processing technologies਀꜀ऀ䈀爀椀最栀琀渀攀猀猀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀⼀猀挀愀琀琀攀爀 挀漀ⴀ爀攀最椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 搀愀琀愀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀Ⰰ 搀愀琀愀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 洀攀爀最椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀ · Ground-based microwave radiometer instrumentation, subsystems, and techniques for validating space borne precipitation measurements.਀ⴀऀ倀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀爀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 最爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 爀攀琀爀椀攀瘀愀氀猀 漀昀 瀀爀攀挀椀瀀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  吀栀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀爀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 猀栀愀氀氀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 椀渀 椀渀挀氀攀洀攀渀琀 眀攀愀琀栀攀爀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀椀渀最 愀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 眀愀琀攀爀 愀挀挀甀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 琀栀攀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 漀爀 昀椀攀氀搀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ瘀椀攀眀 漀戀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  䌀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀琀爀椀挀 猀挀愀渀渀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 愀渀搀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀 漀昀 最爀攀愀琀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ ਀  E1.05 Active Microwave ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䨀倀䰀 Participating Center(s): GSFC ਀ Active microwave sensors have proven to be ideal instruments for many Earth science applications. Examples include global freeze/thaw monitoring and soil moisture mapping, accurate global wind retrieval and snow inundation mapping, global 3-D mapping of rainfall and cloud systems, precise topographic mapping and natural hazard monitoring, global ocean topographic mapping and glacial ice mapping for climate change studies. For global coverage and the long-term study of Earth's eco-systems, space-based radar is of particular interest to Earth scientists. Radar instruments for Earth science measurements include Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), scatterometer, sounder, altimeter and atmospheric radar. The life-cycle cost of such radar missions has always been driven by the resources - power, mass, size, and data rate - required by the radar instrument, often making radar not cost competitive with other remote sensing instruments. Order-of-magnitude advancement in key sensor components will make the radar instrument more power efficient, much lighter weight and smaller in stow volume, leading to substantial savings in overall mission life-cycle cost by requiring smaller and less expensive spacecraft buses and launch vehicles. On-board processing techniques will reduce data rates sufficiently to enable global coverage. High performance yet affordable radars will provide data products of better quality and deliver them to the users more timely and frequently, with benefits for science, as well as civil and defense communities. Technologies which may lead to advances in instrument design, architectures, hardware, and algorithms are the focused areas of this subtopic. In order to increase the radar remote sensing user community, this subtopic will also consider radar data applications and post processing techniques. ਀ The frequency and bandwidth of operation are mission driven and defined by the science objectives. For SAR applications, the frequencies of interest include UHF (100 MHz), P-band (400 MHz), L-band (1.25 GHz), X-band (10 GHz) and Ku-band (12 GHz). The required bandwidth varies from a few MHz to 20 MHz to 300 MHz to achieve the desired resolution; the larger the bandwidth, the higher the resolution. Ocean altimeters and scatterometers typically operate at L-band (1.2 GHz), C-band (5.3 GHz) and Ku-band (12 GHz). Ka-band (35 GHz) interferometers have application to river discharge. The atmospheric radars operate at very high frequencies (35 GHz and 94 GHz) with only modest bandwidth requirements on the order of a few MHz. ਀ The emphasis of this subtopic is on core technologies that will significantly reduce mission cost and increase performance and utility of future radar systems. Specific areas in which advances are needed include: ਀ SAR for surface deformation, topography, soil moisture measurements: ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 猀琀攀攀爀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 搀甀愀氀ⴀ瀀漀氀愀爀椀稀攀搀Ⰰ 䰀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 瀀栀愀猀攀搀ⴀ愀爀爀愀礀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀⸀  · Very large aperture L-band antennas (50 m x 50 m) for MEO SAR applications. ਀뜀ऀ匀栀愀爀攀搀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀礀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀 ⠀倀⼀䰀ⴀ戀愀渀搀Ⰰ 䰀⼀堀ⴀ戀愀渀搀⤀⸀  · Lightweight deployable antenna structures and deployment mechanisms. ਀뜀ऀ刀愀搀ⴀ栀愀爀搀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀ⴀ攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 䰀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 ☀ 倀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 吀⼀刀 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀⸀  · High-power transmitters (L-band, 50-100KW) ਀뜀ऀ䰀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 倀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 䴀䴀䤀䌀 猀椀渀最氀攀ⴀ挀栀椀瀀 吀⼀刀 洀漀搀甀氀攀⸀  · Rad-hard, high-power, low-loss RF switches, filters and phase shifters. ਀뜀ऀ䐀椀最椀琀愀氀 琀爀甀攀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 搀攀氀愀礀 ⠀吀吀䐀⤀ 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Thin-film membrane compatible (flex) electronics. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀⼀爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 洀漀搀甀氀攀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 昀攀搀 吀⼀刀 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀Ⰰ 猀椀最渀愀氀 甀瀀⼀搀漀眀渀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀甀氀攀 愀渀搀 渀漀瘀攀氀 刀䘀 愀渀搀 䐀䌀 猀椀最渀愀氀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀  · Advanced radar system architectures including flexible, broadband signal generation and direct digital conversion radar systems. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 愀爀爀愀礀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 猀挀愀氀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 愀渀琀攀渀ⴀ渀愀猀㬀 猀瀀愀爀猀攀 愀爀爀愀礀猀㬀 瀀栀愀猀攀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀  · Distributed digital beamforming and on-board processing technologies. ਀ · SAR data processing algorithms and data reduction techniques. ਀뜀ऀ匀䄀刀 搀愀琀愀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 瀀漀猀琀ⴀ瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀  ਀䰀漀眀ⴀ䘀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀礀 匀䄀刀 昀漀爀 匀甀戀挀愀渀漀瀀礀 愀渀搀 匀甀戀猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀㨀  · Lightweight, large aperture (30m diameter) reflector/reflectarray antennas ਀뜀ऀ䰀愀爀最攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 猀挀愀渀渀椀渀最 倀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀爀爀愀礀猀  · Shared aperture, dual-polarized, multiple low-frequency (VHF through P-band, 50-500 MHz) an-tennas with highly shaped beams. ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 氀漀猀猀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 昀攀攀搀猀 ⠀嘀䠀䘀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 倀ⴀ戀愀渀搀Ⰰ 㔀　ⴀ㔀　　 䴀䠀稀⤀  · High-efficiency T/R modules and transmitters (50-500 MHz, 10KW) ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀⸀  · Data applications and post-processing techniques. ਀ Polarimetric Ocean/Land Scatterometer: ਀뜀ऀ䴀甀氀琀椀ⴀ昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀礀 ⠀䰀⼀䬀甀ⴀ戀愀渀搀⤀ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 搀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀漀爀猀⸀  · Large, lightweight, electronically steerable Ku-band reflectarrays. ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 䰀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 䬀甀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 昀攀攀搀猀⸀  · Dual-polarized antennas with high polarization isolation. ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀⸀  · High efficiency, high power, phase stable L-band and Ku-band transmitters ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀ⴀ瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀氀礀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 爀愀搀愀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Calibration techniques, data processing algorithms and data reduction techniques. ਀뜀ऀ䐀愀琀愀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 瀀漀猀琀ⴀ瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀  ਀圀椀搀攀 匀眀愀琀栀 伀挀攀愀渀 ☀ 匀甀爀昀愀挀攀 圀愀琀攀爀 䴀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 䄀氀琀椀洀攀琀攀爀猀㨀  · Shared aperture, multi-frequency (C/Ku-band) antennas. ਀뜀ऀ䰀愀爀最攀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀愀爀爀愀礀猀⸀  · Lightweight C-band and Ku-band antenna feeds. ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀⸀  · High efficiency, high power (1-10KW) C-band and Ku-band transmitters. ਀뜀ऀ刀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 漀渀ⴀ戀漀愀爀搀 爀愀搀愀爀 搀愀琀愀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最  · Calibration techniques, data processing algorithms and data reduction techniques. ਀ Ku-band & Ka-band interferometers for snow cover measurement over land (Ku-band) and wetland and river monitoring (Ka-band): ਀뜀ऀ䰀愀爀最攀Ⰰ 猀琀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 搀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 ⠀㄀　ⴀ㔀　 洀攀琀攀爀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 戀愀猀攀氀椀渀攀⤀⸀  · Ka-band along/across track interferometers with few centimeters height accuracy. ਀뜀ऀ䬀甀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀洀攀琀爀椀挀 匀䄀刀⸀  · Phase-stable Ku-band and Ka-band electronically steered arrays and multi-beam antennas. ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀漀爀猀 ⠀䬀甀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 䬀愀ⴀ戀愀渀搀⤀⸀  · Shared aperture technologies (L/Ku-band) ਀뜀ऀ倀栀愀猀攀 猀琀愀戀氀攀 䬀甀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 䬀愀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀  · High-efficiency, rad-hard Ku-band and Ka-band T/R modules or >10KW transmitters ਀뜀ऀ䬀甀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 䬀愀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 昀攀攀搀猀  · Calibration/metrology for accurate baseline knowledge ਀뜀ऀ刀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 漀渀ⴀ戀漀愀爀搀 爀愀搀愀爀 搀愀琀愀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最  · Data applications and post-processing techniques. ਀ Atmospheric Radar: ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀 猀椀搀攀氀漀戀攀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 猀琀攀攀爀愀戀氀攀 洀椀氀氀椀洀攀琀攀爀 眀愀瘀攀 瀀栀愀猀攀搀ⴀ愀爀爀愀礀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀 愀渀搀 昀攀攀搀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀  · Low sidelobe, multi-frequency, multi-beam, shared aperture millimeter wave antennas (Ka-band and W-band). ਀뜀ऀ䰀愀爀最攀 ⠀縀㌀　　 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀⤀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 猀椀搀攀氀漀戀攀Ⰰ 洀椀氀氀椀洀攀琀攀爀 眀愀瘀攀 ⠀䬀愀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 圀ⴀ戀愀渀搀⤀ 愀渀ⴀ琀攀渀渀愀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀愀爀爀愀礀猀⸀  · Lightweight deployable antenna structures and deployment mechanisms. ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 瀀漀眀攀爀 ⠀㄀　 䬀眀愀琀琀⤀ 䬀愀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 圀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀琀攀爀猀⸀  · High-power (>1kW,duty cycle >0.05), wide bandwidth (>10%) Ka-band amplifiers. ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀ⴀ攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 䬀愀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 圀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀⼀爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀⸀  · Advanced transmit/receive module concepts such as optically fed T/R modules. ਀뜀ऀ伀渀ⴀ戀漀愀爀搀 ⠀爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀⤀ 瀀甀氀猀攀 挀漀洀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 椀洀愀最攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀⸀  · Advanced data processing techniques for real-time rain cell tracking, and rapid 3-D rain mapping. ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 䬀甀⼀䬀愀 戀愀渀搀 爀愀搀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 昀漀爀 最爀漀甀渀搀 戀愀猀攀搀 爀愀椀渀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  ਀䔀㄀⸀　㘀 倀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 䤀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 ⴀ 匀甀戀 䴀椀氀氀椀洀攀琀攀爀  Lead Center: JPL ਀ Many NASA future Earth science remote sensing programs and missions require microwave to submillime-ter wavelength antennas, transmitters, and receivers operating in the 3-cm to 100-micron wavelength range (or a frequency range of 10 GHz to 3 THz). General requirements for these instruments include large-aperture (possibly deployable) antenna systems with rms surface accuracy of <1/50th wavelength (or better); the ability to scan or image many beamwidths on the sky(array receivers); small low-power MMIC radiometers, and high-throughput, low power, backend correlators and spectrometers. The focus is on technology for passive radiometer systems that are more spectrally flexible, lighter, smaller, and use less power. These systems must be of durable design for use on aircraft platforms and at remote/autonomous observatory sites; they must also be suitable for space applications with lifetimes of 5 years or more. Earth remote sensing receivers typically operate at LN2 (or higher) temperatures and require moderate noise performance. Advances in cooler technology will enable use of technology presently used in astrophysics receivers, which are cooled to a few Kelvin for better sensitivity, requiring near quantum- noise-limited performance. ਀ For these systems, advancement is needed in primarily three areas: (1) the development of frequency- stabilized, broadband, tunable, fundamental local oscillator sources covering frequencies between 160 GHz and 3 THz; (2) the development of submillimeter-wave mixers in the 300-3000 GHz spectral region with improved sensitivity, stability, and IF bandwidth capability; (3) the development of higher-frequency and higher-output-power MMIC circuits. ਀ Specific innovations or demonstrations are required in the following areas: ਀ · Heterodyne receiver system integration at the circuit and/or chip level is needed to extend mono-lithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) capability into the submillimeter regime. MMIC amplifier development for both power amplifiers and low noise amplifiers at frequencies up to several hundred GHz is solicited. Integration of a local oscillator multiplier chain, mixer, and in-termediate frequency amplifier is one example. There is also a specific need to demonstrate radiometer systems using phased-arrays and MMIC radiometers from 60 GHz, to approximately 400 GHz. ਀뜀ऀ匀漀氀椀搀ⴀ猀琀愀琀攀Ⰰ 瀀栀愀猀攀ⴀ氀漀挀欀愀戀氀攀 氀漀挀愀氀ⴀ漀猀挀椀氀氀愀琀漀爀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 昀氀椀最栀琀ⴀ焀甀愀氀椀昀椀愀戀氀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 㸀㄀　 洀圀 漀甀琀瀀甀琀 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀琀 ㈀　　 䜀䠀稀 愀渀搀 㸀㄀　　 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ眀愀琀琀猀 愀琀 ㄀ 吀䠀稀㬀 氀椀渀攀 眀椀搀琀栀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 㰀㄀　　 欀䠀稀⸀ 匀椀渀挀攀 栀攀琀攀爀漀搀礀渀攀 洀椀砀攀爀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 戀爀漀愀搀戀愀渀搀Ⰰ 愀 洀愀樀漀爀 氀椀洀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 攀砀ⴀ椀猀琀椀渀最 氀漀挀愀氀 漀猀挀椀氀氀愀琀漀爀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 椀猀 渀愀爀爀漀眀 琀甀渀椀渀最 爀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 洀愀渀礀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 戀爀漀愀搀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 挀漀瘀攀爀愀最攀⸀ 䘀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 愀 猀椀渀最氀攀 氀漀挀愀氀ⴀ漀猀挀椀氀氀愀琀漀爀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 琀甀渀攀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀ⴀ㈀ 吀䠀稀 眀椀琀栀 昀氀愀琀 漀甀琀瀀甀琀 瀀漀眀攀爀 椀渀 攀砀挀攀猀猀 漀昀 ㄀　 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ眀愀琀琀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 昀椀渀搀 椀洀洀攀搀椀愀琀攀 甀猀攀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 氀漀挀愀氀 漀猀挀椀氀氀愀琀漀爀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀挀琀 愀渀搀 栀愀瘀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 瀀漀眀攀爀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 㰀㈀　 圀⸀  · Stable local-oscillator sources are needed for heterodyne receiver system laboratory testing and development. ਀뜀ऀ䴀甀氀琀椀ⴀ挀栀愀渀渀攀氀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀渀愀氀礀稀攀 椀渀琀攀爀洀攀搀椀愀琀攀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀礀 猀椀最渀愀氀 戀愀渀搀眀椀搀琀栀猀 愀猀 氀愀爀最攀 愀猀 ㄀　 䜀䠀稀 眀椀琀栀 愀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀礀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 㰀㄀ 䴀䠀稀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀渀搀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 甀猀攀 氀漀眀 搀椀ⴀ爀攀挀琀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 瀀漀眀攀爀 ⠀㰀㔀 洀圀 瀀攀爀 挀栀愀渀渀攀氀⤀ 眀椀琀栀 栀椀最栀 猀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀  · Compact and reliable millimeter and submillimeter imaging instrumentation that produces high sensitivity images simultaneously in multiple spectral bands. ਀뜀ऀ匀挀栀漀琀琀欀礀 洀椀砀攀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀最栀 猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 愀琀 吀 㴀 ㄀　　䬀 愀渀搀 愀戀漀瘀攀⸀  · Superconducting HEB mixers and SIS mixers. ਀뜀ऀ刀攀挀攀椀瘀攀爀猀 甀琀椀氀椀稀椀渀最 瀀氀愀渀愀爀 搀椀漀搀攀猀 漀爀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㌀　　ⴀ㌀　　　 䜀䠀稀 猀瀀攀挀ⴀ琀爀甀洀⸀  · Lightweight and compact radiometer calibration references covering 100-800 GHz frequency range. ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 昀椀攀氀搀 瀀漀爀琀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀愀挀琀 爀愀搀椀漀洀攀琀攀爀 挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 挀漀瘀攀爀椀渀最 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀椀攀猀 甀瀀 琀漀 ㈀　　 䜀䠀稀⸀ 吀栀攀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 猀琀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 ㄀ 䬀攀氀瘀椀渀 眀椀琀栀 愀 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 漀昀 ㌀ 琀攀洀ⴀ瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 猀攀琀琀椀渀最猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 ㈀㔀　 愀渀搀 ㌀㔀　 䬀攀氀瘀椀渀⸀  · Low cost special purpose ground based receivers to detect signals radiated from active satellites that are in orbit, for estimating rain rate, water vapor, and cloud liquid water. ਀뜀ऀ䰀愀爀最攀 搀椀愀洀攀琀攀爀 ⠀甀瀀 琀漀 ㈀㔀ⴀ洀⤀ 搀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀 猀甀椀琀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀 爀攀洀漀琀攀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 愀琀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀椀攀猀 甀瀀 琀漀 ㌀　 䜀䠀稀⸀  · Calibrated radiometer systems that can achieve accuracy and stability of 0.1 K. ਀ Astrophysics receiver-detector technology proposals are also solicited, specifically under topic S2.01, Sensors and Detectors for Astrophysics. ਀ E1.07 Thermal Control for Instruments ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀匀䘀䌀 Participating Center(s): ARC, JPL, JSC, MSFC ਀ Future instruments and platforms for NASA's Earth Science Enterprises will require increasingly sophisti-cated thermal control technology. For example, optical alignment needs and sensors require ever tighter temperature control, heat flux levels from lasers and other similar devices are increasing (up to >100 W/cm2), and cryogenic applications are becoming more common. Large, distributed structures such as mirrors will require creative techniques to integrate structural, mechanical alignment, and thermal control functions in very light weight structures. The advent of very small instruments may also drive the need for new technologies, particularly since such small instruments will have low thermal capacitance. In general, high performance, versatility, low cost, smaller mass and volume (down to the MEMS level), and high reliability are the prime technology drivers. Furthermore, the drive towards 'off-the-shelf' commercial spacecraft buses presents engineering and technological challenges for instruments as such buses may be somewhat limited in resources. Innovative proposals for instrument thermal control systems are sought in the following areas:਀ · Miniaturized heat transport devices, especially those suitable for cooling sensors and very small electronics, at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀氀礀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀攀搀 䰀漀漀瀀 䠀攀愀琀 倀椀瀀攀猀 愀渀搀 䌀愀瀀椀氀氀愀爀礀 倀甀洀瀀攀搀 䰀漀漀瀀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀氀氀漀眀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 栀攀愀琀 氀漀愀搀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 猀椀渀欀猀⸀  · Advanced thermoelectric coolers capable of providing cooling at 150 K and below. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀漀氀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 氀漀眀 攀愀爀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀⸀  · Technologies for cooling very high flux (>100W/cm2) heat sources. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 挀漀愀琀椀渀最猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 瘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀 攀洀椀琀琀愀渀挀攀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀愀琀椀渀最猀 眀椀琀栀 愀 栀椀最栀 攀洀椀猀猀椀瘀椀琀礀 愀琀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀⸀  · High conductivity materials ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 愀渀愀氀礀琀椀挀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 昀漀挀甀猀椀渀最 漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 攀愀猀椀氀礀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀  · Integrated structural, alignment, and thermal control concepts for very large structures, at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䔀㈀ 倀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀  ਀一䄀匀䄀 椀猀 昀漀猀琀攀爀椀渀最 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 ⠀䔀匀⤀ 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀Ⰰ 愀渀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 甀渀搀攀爀琀愀欀椀渀最 琀漀 猀琀甀搀礀 琀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 䔀匀 甀猀攀猀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 瀀攀爀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀爀漀洀 漀爀戀椀琀 琀漀 猀琀甀搀礀 氀愀渀搀 挀漀瘀攀爀 愀渀搀 氀愀渀搀 甀猀攀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀Ⰰ 猀栀漀爀琀 愀渀搀 氀漀渀最 琀攀爀洀 挀氀椀洀愀琀攀 瘀愀爀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 栀愀稀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀⸀ 䄀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 䔀匀 甀猀攀猀 琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 愀渀搀 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀 琀栀漀猀攀 愀挀焀甀椀爀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀⸀ 䔀匀 栀愀猀 愀 瀀愀爀愀氀氀攀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 攀昀昀漀爀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀栀攀 氀愀爀最攀猀琀 最爀漀甀渀搀 愀渀搀 搀愀琀愀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 攀瘀攀爀 甀渀搀攀爀琀愀欀攀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 眀椀氀氀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 昀氀椀最栀琀 猀攀最洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 搀愀琀愀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀爀挀栀椀瘀愀氀 漀昀 瘀愀猀琀 愀洀漀甀渀琀猀 漀昀 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 搀愀琀愀⸀ 吀栀攀 䔀匀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 搀攀昀椀渀攀猀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 愀猀 琀栀攀 栀漀猀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 䔀匀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 吀栀愀琀 椀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 昀漀爀 愀渀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 漀爀 猀甀椀琀攀 漀昀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 吀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 琀攀爀洀 ✀瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀✀ 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 猀礀渀漀渀礀洀漀甀猀 眀椀琀栀 ✀猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ✀ 愀渀搀 椀琀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀氀礀 搀漀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ ✀瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀✀ 椀猀 椀渀琀攀渀搀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 洀甀挀栀 戀爀漀愀搀攀爀 椀渀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 椀猀 椀渀琀攀渀搀攀搀 琀漀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 渀漀渀ⴀ琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 栀漀猀琀猀 昀漀爀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 ⠀瀀椀氀漀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 甀渀瀀椀氀漀琀攀搀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀猀Ⰰ 搀爀漀瀀 猀漀渀搀攀猀⤀Ⰰ 琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀Ⰰ 猀攀愀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀瘀攀渀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 瀀攀渀攀琀爀愀琀漀爀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 最椀瘀攀渀 琀漀 椀氀氀甀猀琀爀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 眀椀搀攀 搀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀挀焀甀椀爀椀渀最 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 搀愀琀愀 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 瘀椀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀匀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 愀渀搀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 昀漀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀⸀  ਀䔀㈀⸀　㄀ 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀  Lead Center: LaRC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䄀刀䌀Ⰰ 䨀倀䰀Ⰰ 䨀匀䌀Ⰰ 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 䔀匀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀ⴀ愀氀猀 愀渀搀 洀甀氀琀椀昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 眀攀椀最栀琀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 瀀漀猀猀攀猀猀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 氀椀昀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 渀漀瘀攀氀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 愀氀氀漀眀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 漀昀 氀愀爀最攀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀猀 椀渀 猀洀愀氀氀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀愀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀氀礀 猀琀愀戀氀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 琀漀瀀椀挀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀䴀甀氀琀椀昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀  · Carbon nanotube-based composites ਀뜀ऀ䈀椀漀⼀渀愀渀漀 椀渀猀瀀椀爀攀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀猀  · Materials for morphing and adapting structures ਀뜀ऀ匀攀氀昀 栀攀愀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀攀氀昀 爀攀瀀愀椀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀  ਀唀氀琀爀愀ⴀ氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 氀愀爀最攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀  · Large deployable and/or inflatable/rigidizable aperture systems ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 昀爀漀洀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 洀甀氀琀椀昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀  · Sensing and actuating materials and systems for quasi-static and dynamic control of large aperture wavefront errors ਀뜀ऀ匀瀀愀挀攀 爀椀最椀搀椀稀愀戀氀攀 瀀漀氀礀洀攀爀猀  ਀䰀漀眀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀  · Materials for cryogenic containment ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀猀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 爀攀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 椀渀琀攀最爀椀琀礀 眀栀椀氀攀 愀挀挀漀洀洀漀搀愀琀椀渀最 氀愀爀最攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀 爀愀渀最椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 琀漀 攀氀攀瘀愀琀攀搀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  ਀䔀㈀⸀　㈀ 䜀甀椀搀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 一愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀  Lead Center: GSFC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䨀倀䰀  ਀䘀甀琀甀爀攀 䔀匀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 漀昀 瘀愀爀礀椀渀最 猀椀稀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀椀琀礀 椀渀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 琀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀椀攀猀⼀漀爀戀椀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 眀椀氀氀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ 猀漀甀渀搀椀渀最 爀漀挀欀攀琀猀Ⰰ 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 ⠀戀漀琀栀 瀀椀氀漀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 甀渀瀀椀氀漀琀攀搀⤀⸀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䜀甀椀搀愀渀挀攀 一愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 ⠀䜀一☀䌀⤀ 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 琀漀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 栀椀最栀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀⼀爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 眀栀椀氀攀 猀椀洀甀氀琀愀渀攀漀甀猀氀礀 猀愀琀椀猀昀礀椀渀最 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀⼀洀愀猀猀⼀瘀漀氀甀洀攀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀 挀漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀猀⸀ 䄀 瘀椀最漀爀漀甀猀 攀昀昀漀爀琀 椀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 最甀椀搀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀⼀愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 伀昀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 栀椀最栀氀礀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 䜀一☀䌀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 搀椀爀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀眀愀爀搀猀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀猀 琀漀 攀砀瀀氀漀椀琀 渀攀眀 瘀愀渀琀愀最攀 瀀漀椀渀琀猀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 渀攀眀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀 渀攀眀 猀礀猀琀攀洀ⴀ氀攀瘀攀氀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀洀漀琀攀 愀最椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀搀愀瀀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 攀瘀漀氀瘀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 猀挀愀氀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀昀昀漀爀搀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀ 一漀瘀攀氀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 氀愀爀最攀 昀氀攀攀琀猀 漀昀 栀攀琀攀爀漀最攀渀攀漀甀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 栀漀洀漀最攀渀攀漀甀猀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀猀猀攀琀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 搀椀爀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀眀愀爀搀猀 爀漀甀琀椀渀攀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 䜀一☀䌀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 漀爀 渀漀琀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 一䄀匀䄀✀猀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 樀甀搀最攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 渀漀渀ⴀ爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀瘀攀 愀猀 琀栀攀礀 搀漀 渀漀琀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 一䄀匀䄀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 挀氀攀愀爀氀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 愀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 氀攀愀瀀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 猀琀愀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀爀琀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀䄀琀琀椀琀甀搀攀⼀伀爀戀椀琀⼀吀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀 䐀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  · Control techniques/strategies/theories, signal filtering/processing advances, and improved envi-ronmental models for platform attitude/orbit/trajectory determination and control. ਀뜀ऀ䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 爀椀最椀搀 愀渀搀 昀氀攀砀椀戀氀攀 戀漀搀礀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 琀漀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀爀椀挀 甀渀挀攀爀琀愀椀渀琀礀 愀渀搀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 攀爀爀漀爀⸀  ਀䜀一☀䌀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  · Innovative GN&C testbed development capabilities and computer aided engineering, simulation and design tools with parallel algorithms for analysis and development of advanced GN&C sys-tems. Open architecture object-oriented simulation tools and testbed systems for modeling and evaluating dynamically complex space systems. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䜀一☀䌀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 䴀椀挀爀漀猀愀琀 愀琀琀椀琀甀搀攀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀⸀ 伀昀 猀瀀攀ⴀ挀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 氀漀眀 挀漀猀琀 ⠀愀琀 栀椀最栀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀猀⤀ 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀氀礀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 䴀椀挀爀漀猀愀琀 䜀一☀䌀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀甀椀琀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 戀漀琀栀 猀瀀椀渀 猀琀愀戀椀氀椀稀攀搀 愀渀搀 琀栀爀攀攀ⴀ愀砀椀猀 猀琀愀戀椀氀椀稀攀搀 䴀椀挀爀漀猀愀琀猀⸀ 䜀一☀䌀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀砀瀀氀漀椀琀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀ⴀ琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀琀琀椀琀甀搀攀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀栀攀漀爀礀Ⰰ 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀ⴀ洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最Ⰰ 䴀䔀䴀匀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 甀氀琀爀愀 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀 洀椀挀爀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 愀爀攀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀搀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 挀氀漀猀攀搀ⴀ氀漀漀瀀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀爀ⴀ挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 ∀䐀爀愀最ⴀ䘀爀攀攀∀ 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 漀爀戀椀琀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀⼀洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 䔀匀 䰀䔀伀 ⠀䰀漀眀 䔀愀爀琀栀 伀爀戀椀琀⤀ 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀ⴀ昀氀礀椀渀最 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀 䐀爀愀最ⴀ䘀爀攀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 ⠀猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 琀漀 愀挀挀攀氀攀爀漀洀攀ⴀ琀攀爀猀⤀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 椀洀瀀甀氀猀攀 ⠀䤀猀瀀⤀ 琀栀爀甀猀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀漀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 挀氀漀猀攀搀ⴀ氀漀漀瀀 昀椀氀琀攀爀椀渀最⼀挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 琀漀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀 愀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 䐀爀愀最ⴀ䘀爀攀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 洀漀搀甀氀攀⸀  · Vision-based GN&C system concepts, subsystems, hardware components and supporting algo-rithms/flight software. Applications of high performance video image processing technology to provide alternative solutions to challenging GN&C problems such as spacecraft relative range/attitude determination while in close formation and/or during proximity operations are of in-terest. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䜀一☀䌀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀ⴀ戀漀爀渀攀 猀琀爀愀琀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 猀甀戀ⴀ愀爀挀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 瀀漀椀渀琀椀渀最 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀Ⰰ 猀甀戀ⴀ愀爀挀猀攀挀漀渀搀 愀琀琀椀琀甀搀攀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀 最甀椀搀愀渀挀攀 昀漀爀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀ⴀ戀漀爀渀攀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀渀愀ⴀ氀礀稀椀渀最 琀栀攀 椀渀栀攀爀攀渀琀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀 戀漀爀渀攀ⴀ瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀Ⰰ 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀稀ⴀ椀渀最 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 挀漀渀猀琀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀ⴀ戀漀爀渀攀 猀琀爀愀琀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀⸀  ਀䜀一☀䌀 匀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 䄀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀  · Advanced sensors and actuators with enhanced capabilities and performance, as well as reduced cost, mass, power, volume, and reduced complexity for all spacecraft GN&C system elements. Emphasis is placed on improved stability, accuracy, and noise performance. Non-traditional multi-functional sensor/actuator technology proposals are of particular interest. Proposals that address the GN&C needs for miniature reaction and momentum wheels, miniature star cameras/trackers, precision accelerometer-like sensors for "Drag-Free" spacecraft control and miniature Fine Guid-ance Sensors (FGS's) are encouraged. ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀漀眀 挀漀猀琀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀瘀攀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 愀琀琀椀琀甀搀攀⼀漀爀戀椀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀漀爀焀甀攀猀⼀昀漀爀挀攀猀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀瘀攀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀渀猀甀洀攀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 漀渀攀 眀愀琀琀 漀昀 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀琀 ㌀ 瘀漀氀琀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 椀洀瀀甀氀猀攀 戀椀琀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 漀爀搀攀爀 漀昀 漀渀攀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ一ⴀ猀攀挀 昀漀爀 ㌀ⴀ愀砀椀猀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀爀 㐀　 洀椀氀氀椀ⴀ一ⴀ猀攀挀 昀漀爀 猀瀀椀渀ⴀ猀琀愀戀椀氀椀稀攀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀⸀  · Innovations in Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver hardware and algorithms that use GPS code and carrier signals to provide spacecraft navigation, attitude, and time: ਀ⴀऀ䌀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀 渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀⼀愀琀琀椀琀甀搀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀爀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 搀攀ⴀ猀椀最渀猀⼀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ - Navigation techniques that may employ Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) cor-rections,਀ⴀऀ一愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀琀琀椀琀甀搀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 昀漀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 瀀爀漀砀椀洀椀琀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀  - Innovative uses of GPS which enable new Earth science measurements; for example, the use of differential GPS in repeating aircraft flight patterns and the use of ocean-reflected GPS signals. ਀ Spacecraft Formation Flying Technologies ਀뜀ऀ一漀瘀攀氀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀漀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 氀愀爀最攀 昀氀攀攀琀猀 漀昀 栀攀琀攀爀漀最攀渀攀漀甀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 栀漀洀漀最攀渀攀漀甀猀 愀猀猀攀琀猀⸀ 匀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 漀渀攀 漀爀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀ⴀ氀攀瘀攀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀㨀  - Formation self-organization ਀ⴀऀ刀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀氀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 氀愀眀猀  - Robust and fault-tolerant control laws ਀ⴀऀ䄀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 昀漀爀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 - Nonlinear, robust estimation algorithms for relative navigation ਀ⴀऀ䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 最甀椀搀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀  - On-board, multi-spacecraft, closed-loop responsiveness to sensed events ਀ⴀऀ䰀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 昀漀爀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 攀砀瀀氀漀椀琀椀渀最 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀 愀渀搀 攀砀椀猀琀ⴀ椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 䜀倀匀 伀瀀琀椀洀愀氀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 昀甀攀氀Ⰰ 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 琀椀洀攀⤀ 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 昀漀爀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 洀愀渀攀甀瘀攀爀椀渀最  - Unique concepts for dealing with relevant perturbations and disturbances such as J2, so-lar radiation pressure, etc. ਀ⴀऀ一攀眀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 愀戀漀瘀攀  ਀䔀㈀⸀　㌀ 䌀漀洀洀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 䐀愀琀愀 䠀愀渀搀氀椀渀最  Lead Center: GSFC ਀ Advancing science with reduced levels of mission funding, shorter mission development schedules and reduced availability of flight electronic components creates new requirements for spacecraft Command and Data Handling (C&DH) systems. Specific areas for which proposals are being sought include:਀ Onboard Processing ਀뜀ऀ䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 搀愀琀愀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 ⴀ 栀椀最栀攀爀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 栀椀最栀攀爀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 漀昀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 䌀䤀匀䌀 愀渀搀 刀䤀匀䌀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 昀愀甀氀琀 琀漀氀攀爀愀渀挀攀 ☀ 攀爀爀漀爀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ⠀猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⤀⸀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀琀挀栀 漀爀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀瘀愀椀氀ⴀ愀戀氀攀 搀攀猀欀琀漀瀀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀猀 椀猀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 琀漀 洀攀攀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 ∀氀椀最栀琀猀 漀甀琀∀ 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Special purpose data processing - higher levels of automated onboard science data processing such as histogramming, feature recognition and image registration are necessary to match the data gath-ering capabilities of future instruments with the limits of spacecraft to earth communications. Development of technologies such as Digital Signal Processors (DSP) and related hardware is necessary to address these future needs. ਀뜀ऀ刀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀氀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 ⴀ 愀挀栀椀攀瘀椀渀最 瀀甀爀攀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 昀氀攀砀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 爀攀瀀爀漀最愀洀洀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀氀氀漀眀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 琀漀 戀攀 洀攀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀⸀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 栀愀爀搀攀渀攀搀 䘀椀攀氀搀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀洀愀戀氀攀 䜀愀琀攀 䄀爀爀愀礀猀 ⠀䘀倀䜀䄀猀⤀ 愀渀搀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 搀愀琀愀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 椀猀 渀攀挀攀猀ⴀ猀愀爀礀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀椀猀 最漀愀氀⸀  · Low-power electronics - in order to provide higher capabilities on smaller less expensive space-craft, lower power consumption components is essential to reducing solar array and battery sizes, affecting the overall spacecraft design. Development of low voltage, such as 3.3V or 2.5V or lower technologies is essential to achieving the power constraints of smaller spacecraft. ਀ Command and Data Transfer ਀뜀ऀ匀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀 搀愀琀愀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 ⴀ 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 椀渀ⴀ挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最氀礀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 爀攀愀氀椀稀攀 栀椀最栀攀爀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀礀⸀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 琀栀攀 爀愀琀攀 漀昀 搀愀琀愀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 愀戀漀瘀攀 ㈀　 䴀戀椀琀猀⼀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀攀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ搀椀愀最渀漀猀椀猀Ⰰ 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 搀愀琀愀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Intra-system data transfer - communications within the spacecraft subsystem (between cards within a box) is currently a limiting factor in achieving higher overall data throughputs. Develop-ment of technologies for communications within a box that would replace the conventional passive backplane are necessary to achieve higher science data throughput. ਀ E2.04 Advanced Communication Technologies for Near-Earth Missions ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀刀䌀  ਀吀漀 爀攀愀氀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 瘀椀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 匀攀渀猀漀爀ⴀ圀攀戀Ⰰ 愀 栀漀猀琀 漀昀 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 氀椀渀欀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀琀漀挀漀氀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 椀渀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ瀀漀椀渀琀 琀漀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ瀀漀椀渀琀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀⸀ 䘀甀爀琀栀攀爀洀漀爀攀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 昀甀氀氀礀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀椀渀最 琀漀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀 琀漀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀 搀愀琀愀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀爀猀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀ⴀ最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀ⴀ琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀 瀀爀漀琀漀挀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 搀愀琀愀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 昀爀漀洀 一䄀匀䄀✀猀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 攀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ攀愀爀琀栀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ 挀漀渀猀琀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 琀漀 甀猀攀爀猀⸀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀洀漀渀最 一䄀匀䄀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 䜀䔀伀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀 昀漀爀 搀愀琀愀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 琀漀 甀猀攀爀猀 椀渀 愀 挀漀猀琀ⴀ攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 洀愀渀渀攀爀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 攀瘀攀爀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最 搀攀洀愀渀搀猀 愀爀攀 戀攀椀渀最 瀀氀愀挀攀搀 漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 挀漀渀猀攀爀瘀椀渀最 戀愀渀搀眀椀搀琀栀 愀渀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 搀爀椀瘀椀渀最 甀瀀 琀栀攀 搀攀洀愀渀搀猀 昀漀爀 搀愀琀愀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀ⴀ猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀挀挀攀猀猀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 愀琀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀Ⰰ 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 氀攀瘀攀氀 椀渀 猀甀挀栀 愀爀攀愀猀 愀猀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀Ⰰ 洀椀氀氀椀洀攀琀攀爀 眀愀瘀攀 愀渀搀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀㬀 漀渀戀漀愀爀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀氀攀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 爀愀搀椀漀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 洀漀搀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀ 刀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 漀爀 ∀戀爀攀愀欀琀栀爀漀甀最栀∀ 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 琀栀攀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 瀀氀愀渀渀攀搀 一䄀匀䄀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀搀攀焀甀愀琀攀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 搀漀 渀漀琀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀氀礀 攀砀椀猀琀⸀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 瀀爀漀瘀漀挀愀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 甀渀猀漀氀瘀攀搀 漀爀 甀渀攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀椀稀攀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 愀渀搀 瀀愀爀愀搀椀最洀猀 昀漀爀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀渀最 搀愀琀愀 漀爀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ琀椀洀攀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 戀攀氀漀眀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀  ਀䐀愀琀愀 䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀  · High rate data communication microwave or optical system technologies for supporting multi- Gigabit/sec data rates between and from spacecraft LEO (Low Earth Orbit), MEO (Mid Earth Or-bit) or GEO (Geo-synchronous Earth Orbit) orbits to ground networks. Communications include routing, encoding, encrypting of data to allow services on demand to address the need for autono-mous spacecraft operations. ਀뜀ऀ䐀椀爀攀挀琀 搀愀琀愀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 洀甀氀琀椀挀愀猀琀椀渀最⤀ 昀爀漀洀 䰀䔀伀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ挀爀愀昀琀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 琀漀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 甀猀攀爀猀 愀琀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 搀愀琀愀 爀愀琀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 匀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀氀礀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀琀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀琀攀爀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀猀琀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀⸀  · Communication link technologies to transfer data from an Earth observing balloon or airplane, where the collection and transmission of data is by Internet protocols. ਀ ਀䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀  · Innovative approaches to enable higher frequency, miniature, power efficient Traveling Wave Tube Amplifiers (TWTAs) operating at millimeter wave frequencies. Of particular interest is the development of TWTA's that can operate at communication bit rates of 10 Gbps or higher. ਀뜀ऀ圀椀搀攀 戀愀渀搀ⴀ最愀瀀 猀攀洀椀挀漀渀搀甀挀琀漀爀 ⠀圀䈀䜀匀⤀ 戀愀猀攀搀 䤀䤀䤀ⴀ渀椀琀爀椀搀攀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀⼀洀椀氀氀椀洀攀琀攀爀ⴀ眀愀瘀攀 猀漀氀椀搀 猀琀愀琀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀洀瀀氀椀昀椀攀爀猀 ⠀匀匀倀䄀猀⤀ 愀渀搀 愀氀猀漀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 氀漀眀 渀漀椀猀攀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀⼀洀椀氀氀椀洀攀琀攀爀ⴀ眀愀瘀攀 愀洀瀀氀椀昀椀攀爀猀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䤀䤀䤀ⴀ渀椀琀爀椀搀攀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 䤀䤀䤀ⴀ渀椀琀爀椀搀攀 氀椀最栀琀 攀洀椀琀琀椀渀最⼀搀攀琀攀挀琀椀渀最 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀⸀  · Low loss MEMS based RF switches are needed that would enable the development of microwave components such as reconfigurable antennas, phase shifters, amplifiers, oscillators, filters for in flight control of the radio frequency bandwidth and power. Photonic band-gap and left-hand meta materials for microwave devices, circuits and components. ਀뜀ऀ刀䘀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 漀渀 挀栀椀瀀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 琀礀瀀攀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 洀椀砀攀搀 猀椀最渀愀氀 ⠀愀渀愀氀漀最⼀搀椀最椀琀愀氀⼀漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀⤀ 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 䰀漀眀 挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 䬀愀 戀愀渀搀 昀氀愀琀 瀀氀愀琀攀 愀爀爀愀礀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀 愀渀搀 氀漀眀 渀漀椀猀攀 戀氀漀挀欀 搀漀眀渀ⴀ挀漀渀瘀攀爀琀攀爀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 猀洀愀氀氀 攀愀爀琀栀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀氀 愀瀀ⴀ瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䰀漀眀 挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 䬀愀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 攀愀爀琀栀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 伀䌀ⴀ㌀ ⠀㄀㔀㔀 䴀戀琀猀⼀猀攀挀⸀⤀ 琀漀 伀䌀ⴀ㄀㈀ ⠀㘀㈀㈀ 䴀戀琀猀⼀猀攀挀⸀⤀ 搀愀琀愀 爀愀琀攀猀 搀椀爀攀挀琀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ攀愀爀琀栀 搀漀眀渀氀椀渀欀猀 昀爀漀洀 䰀䔀伀⼀䴀䔀伀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 漀昀 椀渀ⴀ琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 圀椀搀攀 猀挀愀渀 愀渀最氀攀 ⠀⬀⼀ⴀ㘀　 搀攀最爀攀攀猀⤀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瀀爀漀昀椀氀攀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀⼀爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 䬀愀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀Ⰰ 䬀甀ⴀ䬀愀 戀愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀挀攀椀瘀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 挀氀漀猀攀搀 氀漀漀瀀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀⼀琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 昀漀爀 氀漀眀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀⸀ 䘀爀愀挀琀愀氀ⴀ䔀氀攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 猀椀稀攀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 戀爀漀愀搀 漀爀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ戀愀渀搀Ⰰ 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 最愀椀渀 愀渀搀 戀攀愀洀 愀最椀氀椀琀礀⸀  · V-Band (60 GHz) receiver components, in particular, low phase noise local oscillators, voltage controlled oscillators, and low loss down-converters. ਀뜀ऀ䐀椀最椀琀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀椀渀最⸀ 刀漀甀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 猀眀椀琀挀栀攀猀 愀渀搀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀 挀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀漀爀猀⸀  · Reconfigurable, multi-mode transceivers, software radio technologies, etc., which can lead to inte-gration in FPGA, DSP, GPP. Onboard signal processing; bandwidth- and power-efficient modulation and coding; low power transceivers; integrated wireless devices. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 栀椀最栀 搀愀琀愀 爀愀琀攀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀ⴀ漀甀猀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀攀 漀渀戀漀愀爀搀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Internet-based protocol modules and architectures that will provide seamless network continuity between terrestrial and aerospace-based platforms and environments.਀ Optical Communications ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 ⠀最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 漀爀 攀焀甀愀氀 琀漀 ㄀㔀─⤀ 漀瘀攀爀ⴀ愀氀氀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 ㄀㔀㔀　 渀洀 愀洀瀀氀椀昀椀攀爀猀㬀 氀愀爀最攀 ⠀最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 漀爀 攀焀甀愀氀 琀漀 ㈀㔀　 洀椀挀爀漀渀⤀ 搀椀愀洀攀琀攀爀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀ⴀ 猀瀀攀攀搀 ⠀最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 ㈀⸀㔀 䜀戀瀀猀⤀Ⰰ 䤀渀 䜀愀䄀猀 䄀倀䐀 愀渀搀 倀䤀一 搀攀琀攀挀ⴀ琀漀爀猀㬀 猀椀洀瀀氀椀昀椀攀搀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀漀椀渀琀椀渀最 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 昀漀爀 䰀䔀伀 琀漀 䜀䔀伀 氀椀渀欀猀㬀 攀渀搀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ攀渀搀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀氀氀漀眀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀攀爀 戀愀渀搀眀椀搀琀栀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀　 䜀戀瀀猀 搀愀琀愀 爀愀琀攀猀㬀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 眀椀琀栀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 漀渀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀漀椀渀琀椀渀最⸀  · Highly sensitive photoconductors (e.g., SiGe) which could dramatically improve the link budget for intersatellite links. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 漀瀀琀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 愀渀搀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 椀渀琀漀 愀 猀礀猀琀攀洀ⴀ漀渀ⴀ愀ⴀ挀栀椀瀀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀⸀  · Novel integrated optical sensors and RF circuitry to improve the acquisition, tracking and beam pointing capability of single-aperture RF communication links. ਀뜀ऀ一漀瘀攀氀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀椀最渀愀氀 挀漀甀瀀氀椀渀最 椀渀琀漀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 昀椀戀攀爀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 眀愀瘀攀最甀椀搀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀眀椀琀挀栀椀渀最 渀攀琀ⴀ眀漀爀欀猀 琀漀 爀漀甀琀攀 琀栀攀 猀椀最渀愀氀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀爀愀渀猀挀攀椀瘀攀爀 挀椀爀挀甀椀琀猀⸀  · Revolutionary low voltage electro-optic modulation technologies; e.g., improvements with respect to Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulators; electro-optic modulators based on thin film ferroelec-trics such as lead-lanthanum-zirconium titanate (PLZT). ਀뜀ऀ匀椀最渀愀氀 攀渀挀漀搀椀渀最 甀猀椀渀最 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀ⴀ漀瀀琀椀挀 洀漀搀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀猀 漀瀀瀀漀猀攀搀 漀昀 甀猀椀渀最 琀甀渀愀戀氀攀 氀愀猀攀爀猀 ⠀眀栀攀爀攀 愀 洀椀ⴀ挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 猀椀最渀愀氀 椀猀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 洀椀砀椀渀最 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 猀椀最渀愀氀猀 愀琀 琀眀漀 猀氀椀最栀琀氀礀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀椀攀猀⤀⸀  · Transmit/receive modules for optical phased array antennas. ਀뜀ऀ䌀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 瀀栀愀猀攀搀 愀爀爀愀礀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀⸀  · Coding methods to maximize the data rate and improve the bit error rate from space probes. ਀뜀ऀ伀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 戀攀愀洀 昀漀爀洀椀渀最 昀漀爀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 瀀栀愀猀攀搀 愀爀爀愀礀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀⸀  · Radiation hard optical components and devices; trade-off studies between optical as well as opti-cal/RF circuit performance and radiation hardness.਀뜀ऀ伀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 眀愀瘀攀 最甀椀搀攀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀⸀  ਀倀爀漀琀漀挀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 䄀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀  · Internet-based protocol modules and extensions that will support seamless connectivity between terrestrial and aerospace platforms by mitigating variable latencies and bit error rates among dis-tributed air and spacecraft to terrestrial gateways. ਀뜀ऀ一漀瘀攀氀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀椀渀最 洀攀搀椀甀洀 琀漀 氀愀爀最攀ⴀ猀挀愀氀攀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 椀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀ⴀ琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀琀漀挀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Advanced network security technologies to assure integrity and authentication of data from the public Internet to protected space-based networks. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀栀漀挀 愀渀搀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀椀渀最 瀀爀漀琀漀挀漀氀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 挀漀渀猀琀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 昀漀爀洀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 昀氀礀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀 挀氀甀猀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀砀椀洀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 戀愀猀攀搀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀  ਀䈀爀攀愀欀琀栀爀漀甀最栀 䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀  · Methods or techniques which demonstrate breakthrough means of effectively "packaging," "stor-ing" and/or "transferring" information or knowledge directly between separate, independent entities using new techniques including, but not limited, "qubit" type devices. Transferring knowl-edge directly must be suggested or accomplished without first breaking down the information into fundamental "data" transmission elements such as bits, bytes, symbols or other "raw data" types. ਀뜀ऀ䈀爀攀愀欀琀栀爀漀甀最栀猀 椀渀 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 琀漀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 挀甀爀椀漀甀猀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 愀渀搀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 甀渀欀渀漀眀渀猀 爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀琀 琀漀 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀渀最 搀愀琀愀Ⰰ 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 欀渀漀眀氀ⴀ攀搀最攀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 攀渀琀椀琀椀攀猀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ琀椀洀攀⸀  · Breakthrough power-efficiency in communications brought about through the use of natural phe-nomenon, e.g., soliton pulse/wave/energy propagation. ਀뜀ऀ嘀攀爀椀昀椀愀戀氀攀 栀漀氀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ搀椀洀攀渀猀椀漀渀愀氀 戀爀攀愀欀琀栀爀漀甀最栀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 挀爀攀搀椀戀氀攀Ⰰ 爀攀瀀攀愀琀愀戀氀攀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀ 䐀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀渀最 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀琀礀 椀猀 洀漀爀攀 挀爀甀挀椀愀氀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀漀爀攀琀椀挀愀氀 攀砀瀀氀愀渀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀⸀  · Enhancements in modulation, coding, protocol development and information or knowledge rout-ing brought about through the inspection or imitation of effective biological, biochemical and other natural and living systems. Examples include cellular "messenger molecules", adapters, aquatic bio-systems and any other communications systems occurring in nature which may dem-onstrate breakthrough enhancements to existing space communications paradigms. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 甀猀椀渀最 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 漀爀 氀椀瘀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀氀礀Ⰰ 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀氀礀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 搀愀琀愀Ⰰ 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀愀戀氀礀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 漀琀栀攀爀 渀漀渀氀椀瘀椀渀最 ⠀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀ 洀攀搀椀甀洀猀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 戀椀漀 漀爀 氀椀瘀椀渀最 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀 漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Provocative, nonstandard uses of radiofrequency spectrum for demonstrating practical yet break-through means of communications. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 甀猀攀猀 漀昀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀猀 漀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 戀爀攀愀欀ⴀ琀栀爀漀甀最栀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀愀琀愀Ⰰ 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 攀渀琀椀琀椀攀猀⸀  · Enhancements in automated communications carriers through any type of media (including living) where a breakthrough improvement due to the technique can be explained or demonstrated. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 渀愀渀漀ⴀ猀挀愀氀攀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 䘀䔀吀 愀爀爀愀礀猀Ⰰ 渀愀渀漀ⴀ愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀ 昀漀爀 渀愀渀漀ⴀ猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  ਀䔀㈀⸀　㔀 伀渀ⴀ䈀漀愀爀搀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀  Lead Center: GRC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䜀匀䘀䌀Ⰰ 䨀匀䌀Ⰰ 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 猀攀攀欀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀氀礀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 挀漀猀琀猀 昀漀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 漀爀戀椀琀 椀渀猀攀爀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀爀戀椀琀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 挀漀渀猀琀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 洀愀椀渀琀攀ⴀ渀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 洀愀渀攀甀瘀攀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 眀椀琀栀 氀愀爀最攀爀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀Ⰰ 氀漀渀最攀爀ⴀ氀椀昀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 昀氀攀砀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 搀甀爀椀渀最 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀漀 愀挀挀漀洀瀀氀椀猀栀 琀栀攀猀攀 最漀愀氀猀Ⰰ 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 椀渀 氀漀眀 琀栀爀甀猀琀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀爀甀猀琀攀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀猀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 甀渀椀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀攀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀⸀ 伀昀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀栀愀琀 氀攀愀搀 琀漀 猀洀愀氀氀攀爀ⴀ猀椀稀攀搀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 愀爀攀愀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀㨀  ਀䴀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀⼀倀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀  · Propulsion technologies for spacecraft less than 10 kg that emphasize system simplicity, low power requirements, and minimal mass. This includes concepts with fundamentally different ap-proaches to propulsion than for larger scale spacecraft, accounting for the unique physics occurring in physically small propulsion devices. These technologies could leverage micro- elec-tromechanical system (MEMS) fabrication techniques, though more robust substrate materials are also sought. ਀뜀ऀ倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 栀椀最栀ⴀ瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 ⠀椀洀瀀甀氀猀攀 戀椀琀 㰀 ㄀　　 洀椀氀氀椀一攀眀琀漀渀ⴀ猀攀挀漀渀搀⤀ 猀琀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀琀琀椀琀甀搀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀⸀  ਀吀栀爀甀猀琀攀爀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀  · High-performance, high-efficiency electrostatic and electromagnetic propulsion technologies, in-cluding thruster components and advanced power processing, for small, power-limited spacecraft. ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀ⴀ瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 ⠀猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 椀洀瀀甀氀猀攀 㸀 ㈀㔀　 猀⤀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀ⴀ搀攀渀猀椀琀礀 洀漀渀漀瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀ⴀ椀渀最 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 昀漀爀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 挀愀琀愀氀礀琀椀挀 愀渀搀 渀漀渀挀愀琀愀氀礀琀椀挀 搀攀挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀栀愀洀戀攀爀 眀愀氀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀⸀  · High-performance (specific impulse > 360 s) bipropellant technologies for either non-toxic or hy-pergolic propellant systems ਀뜀ऀ匀甀椀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 最攀氀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ ਀倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀  · Materials compatible with high-temperature, oxidizing, and reactive environments ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 昀氀甀椀搀 椀猀漀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀⼀洀愀猀猀 昀氀漀眀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 爀攀氀椀攀昀 焀甀椀挀欀 搀椀猀挀漀渀渀攀挀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀氀漀眀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀  · Technologies for metering, injection, and ignition of fluids in combustion devices ਀뜀ऀ䜀愀猀攀漀甀猀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀  · Components for xenon storage and flow control ਀ E2.06 Energy Storage Technologies ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀刀䌀 Participating Center(s): GSFC, JPL ਀ Advanced power storage technologies are required for Earth science observation missions employing spacecraft, balloons, sounding rockets, surface assets, and piloted and robotic aircraft and marine craft. Improvements are sought in size, mass, capacity, reliability, and operational costs. A vigorous effort is needed to develop energy storage technologies that will enable the revolutionary Earth science missions. ਀ The energy storage technologies solicited include batteries, regenerative fuel cells, alternative high-power-density storage technologies such as dual-use energy storage such as flywheels and structural batteries. Specific areas of interest are: ਀ · Battery technologies are needed for spacecraft requiring greater than a 100 watt-hour per kilogram specific energy density and a 10-year lifetime in LEO (Low Earth Orbit). Flywheel technologies are needed for spacecraft requiring greater than a 100 watt-hour per kilogram specific energy den-sity and a 10-year lifetime in LEO. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries with advanced anode and cathode materials and liquid/polymer electrolytes and other advanced battery systems capable of meeting the above performance criteria are of interest. For some terrestrial missions, energy stor-age is needed which is capable of delivering 30-50% of their ambient specific energy at temperatures as low as -100° C. Energy storage integrated into spacecraft structures is also of in-terest for future spacecraft. Micro flywheels with high Wh/kg and highly integrated components are needed for small spacecraft. ਀뜀ऀ䘀甀攀氀 挀攀氀氀 愀渀搀 爀攀最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 昀甀攀氀 挀攀氀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 琀栀攀礀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 猀漀洀攀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 愀渀搀 䔀愀爀琀栀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 攀渀攀爀最礀Ⰰ 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 氀椀昀攀Ⰰ 挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 漀瘀攀爀栀攀愀搀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 琀攀爀ⴀ爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Micro flywheels for small and mid-size spacecraft (200 to 2000W). Spacecrafts in LEO will re-quire high wh/kg and highly integrated subsystem-to-subsystem components to achieve future Earth Science requirements. ਀뜀ऀ䘀甀琀甀爀攀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀挀栀愀爀最攀愀戀氀攀 戀愀琀琀攀爀椀攀猀⼀昀甀攀氀 挀攀氀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀挀爀漀 琀漀 洀椀氀氀椀眀愀琀琀 爀愀渀最攀⸀ 䐀甀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 氀漀眀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 洀愀猀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 椀渀 䰀䔀伀Ⰰ 琀栀攀猀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 洀甀猀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 漀瘀攀爀 愀 眀椀搀攀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 爀愀渀最攀 ⠀ⴀ㄀　　 琀漀 ㄀　　뀀 䌀⤀⸀ 䰀漀渀最 挀礀挀氀攀 氀椀昀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ爀攀挀栀愀爀最攀愀戀氀攀 戀愀琀琀攀爀椀攀猀⸀  · Power systems based on micromachining fabrication techniques and in energy storage components based upon carbon nano-tube, micro, and nano technologies. ਀ E2.07 Energy Conversion for Space Applications ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀刀䌀 Participating Center(s): GSFC ਀ Earth science observation missions will employ spacecraft, balloons, sounding rockets, surface assets, and piloted and robotic aircraft and marine craft. Advanced power technologies are required for each of these platforms that address issues of size, mass, capacity, reliability, and operational costs. A vigorous effort is needed to develop energy conversion technologies that will enable the revolutionary Earth science mis-sions. Exploiting innovative technological opportunities, developing power systems for adverse environments, and implementing system-wide techniques which promote scalability, adaptability, flexibil-ity, and affordability are characteristic of the technological challenges to be faced and are representative of the type of developments required beyond the current state of the art. ਀ The energy conversion technologies solicited include photovoltaics, Brayton, Rankine, Stirling, and thermophotovoltaic, as well as related technologies such as concentrators and thermal technologies. Specific areas of interest are: ਀ · Photovoltaic cell and array technologies with significant improvements in efficiencies, cost, radia-tion resistance, and wide operating conditions are solicited. Potential concepts include rigid arrays, concentrator configurations, and ultra lightweight array technologies that exploit the properties of lightweight, flexible thin film photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic cell and array technologies for ex-treme environments such as high- or low-temperature operation are solicited. Technologies for electrostatically clean spacecraft solar arrays are also of interest. ਀뜀ऀ䘀甀琀甀爀攀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 洀椀挀爀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀⼀椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 洀椀挀爀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀⼀椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀 攀渀攀爀最礀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 椀渀琀漀 愀 栀礀戀爀椀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀⸀  · Thermal power conversion technologies for earth orbiting spacecraft and/or orbit transfer vehicles are sought. Advances may be in solar concentrators (rigid or inflatable, primary or secondary) and receivers to improve specific power and reduce mass. Topics of interest in power conversion in-clude heat cycles (Brayton, Rankine, and Stirling), compact heat exchangers, advanced materials and fabrication techniques, and control methods, as they relate to life, reliability and manufactura-bility. Thermal technology areas include heat rejection, composite materials, heat pipes, pumped loop systems, packaging and deployment, including integration with the power conversion tech-nology. Highly integrated systems are sought that combine elements of the above subsystems to show system level benefits. ਀ ਀䔀㈀⸀　㠀 倀漀眀攀爀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 䐀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀  Lead Center: GRC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䜀匀䘀䌀Ⰰ 䨀倀䰀  ਀䔀愀爀琀栀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀猀Ⰰ 猀漀甀渀搀椀渀最 爀漀挀欀攀琀猀Ⰰ 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 愀猀猀攀琀猀Ⰰ 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀爀椀渀攀 挀爀愀昀琀 愀猀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀⸀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 琀漀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 漀昀 猀椀稀攀Ⰰ 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 挀愀瀀愀挀椀琀礀Ⰰ 搀甀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 挀漀猀琀猀⸀ 唀猀椀渀最 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 瀀愀挀欀愀最攀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀愀琀椀渀最猀 昀漀爀 愀搀瘀攀爀猀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 甀猀椀渀最 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀Ⰰ 猀礀猀琀攀洀ⴀ眀椀搀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀洀漀琀攀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀椀琀礀Ⰰ 昀氀攀砀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀昀昀漀爀搀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀猀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 眀椀氀氀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀⸀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 ⠀倀䴀䄀䐀⤀ 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀  ਀䔀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀氀礀 䐀甀爀愀戀氀攀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 Technologies that enable materials, surfaces, coatings, and components to be durable in a space environ-ment, in atomic oxygen, soft x-ray, electron, proton, ultraviolet radiation, and thermal cycling environments are of interest to NASA. Environmentally durable coatings for radiators and lightweight electromagnetic shielding are sought. ਀ Electrical Packaging ਀倀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 眀椀搀攀ⴀ琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀猀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 吀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀氀 琀漀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀最栀 栀攀愀琀 昀氀甀砀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 愀渀搀 洀愀猀猀 漀爀 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 猀栀椀攀氀搀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀  ਀䔀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀  Advanced magnetic, dielectric, semiconductor, and superconductor materials, devices, and circuits are of interest. Advancements in energy density, operating temperature, voltage capability, speed, or efficiency are required. Candidate applications include transformers, inductors, motors, semiconductor switches and diodes, integrated circuits, capacitors, micro batteries, electro-optical devices, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), carbon nanotube cables, current sensors, and low-loss soft-magnetic materials. ਀ Power Conversion, Protection, and Distribution ਀吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 猀椀稀攀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 渀漀椀猀攀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 漀爀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀猀琀 猀愀瘀椀渀最猀 椀渀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 瀀漀眀攀爀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 猀眀椀琀挀栀最攀愀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀⸀ 䴀漀搀甀氀愀爀Ⰰ 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 戀氀漀挀欀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀⼀挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 戀愀琀琀攀爀礀 挀栀愀爀最椀渀最Ⰰ 洀漀琀漀爀 搀爀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 栀椀最栀攀爀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 昀氀攀砀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀漀瀀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀猀⸀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 挀漀洀戀椀渀椀渀最 瀀漀眀攀爀 挀愀戀氀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 挀漀渀渀攀挀ⴀ琀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀挀爀攀愀猀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀猀琀猀⸀  ਀倀漀眀攀爀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀  Management, control, and monitoring of electrical power systems with autonomous operation to improve the performance, safety, reliability, status reporting, and operations scheduling of terrestrial and aerospace power systems are of interest to NASA. Candidate technologies include: digital power management controllers, battery charge controllers, fault detection, fault isolation, autonomous fault recovery, active impedance control, active noise cancellation, built-in test, component and system health monitoring, and advanced circuit protection concepts. ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䔀㌀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀  ਀吀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 ⠀䔀匀䔀⤀ 愀挀焀甀椀爀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀猀 瘀攀爀礀 氀愀爀最攀 ⠀最椀最愀戀礀琀攀 琀漀 琀攀爀愀戀礀琀攀⤀ 瘀漀氀甀洀攀猀 漀昀 爀攀洀漀琀攀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 搀愀琀愀 琀漀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 愀渀搀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 攀渀琀椀琀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀瀀瀀氀礀 琀栀椀猀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 猀漀氀瘀攀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 椀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀⸀ 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀猀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀 䔀匀䔀✀猀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 最爀漀甀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀栀攀洀攀 椀猀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀瀀瀀氀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ攀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 椀渀 䔀匀䔀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 搀愀琀愀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 搀愀琀愀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 搀愀琀愀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 搀愀琀愀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 搀愀琀愀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀ⴀ琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 搀愀琀愀⼀洀攀琀愀搀愀琀愀⼀搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀 猀攀愀爀挀栀Ⰰ 戀爀漀眀猀攀 愀渀搀 愀挀挀攀猀猀Ⰰ 搀愀琀愀 猀甀戀猀攀琀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀Ⰰ 猀瀀愀琀椀漀ⴀ琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瘀椀猀甀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 䔀匀䔀 椀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 椀猀漀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 椀渀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀爀 椀猀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  ਀䔀㌀⸀　㄀ 䬀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 䐀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 愀渀搀 䐀愀琀愀 䘀甀猀椀漀渀  Lead Center: JPL ਀ NASA's Earth Science Enterprise collects terabyte-scale datasets routinely during its missions, and charges the scientific community with extracting usable and scientifically relevant information from them. These data sets may be images, multispectral images, time series, or field and particle event lists. They may also be engineering time series about spacecraft health collected from on-board sensors. Emphasis has recently been placed on handling and analyzing in situ data from networks or sensorwebs. In addition to the ongoing challenges entailed by handling, analyzing and mining very large data sets, NASA now needs a new framework for performing science data evaluation onboard spacecraft and from in situ sensor networks. New onboard or in situ science capabilities will enable mission activities to be directed by scientists without the assistance of a ground sequencing team, and the constraints of communications links. The science capabilities will be adaptive in nature, and must be efficient in transmission of the usable key data. ਀ This subtopic enlists help in developing a new generation of tools and algorithms for effective acquisition and analysis of data and image sets, appropriate for ground or onboard/in situ use. Of special interest are: 1) the ability to deal quantitatively with uncertainty present in data, perhaps in a statistical framework; 2) development of flexible models through which observables are linked to quantities of scientific or engineering interest; 3) harnessing database technology for organizing the observed data, models, and inferred knowledge, perhaps in onboard or in situ archives; 4) fusion of multiple datasets for enhanced scientific return; and 5) system concepts for handling interactions between onboard science analysis and event detection capabilities and other functions of an autonomous spacecraft or sensor web. One or more of these areas should be addressed by every proposal. Specific subtopics of interest include: ਀ · Automated classification of data. ਀뜀ऀ匀甀瀀攀爀瘀椀猀攀搀 愀渀搀 甀渀猀甀瀀攀爀瘀椀猀攀搀 氀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀⸀  · Knowledge discovery techniques. ਀뜀ऀ䤀洀愀最攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 猀攀最洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Statistical pattern recognition. ਀뜀ऀ吀椀洀攀 猀攀爀椀攀猀 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀 攀砀琀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀⸀  · Trainable object recognition. ਀뜀ऀ䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀挀 椀洀愀最攀 爀攀最椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀栀愀渀最攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Visualization and rendering techniques. ਀뜀ऀ匀瀀愀琀椀漀琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀氀 搀愀琀愀洀椀渀椀渀最⸀  · Intelligent, goal-directed data acquisition and/or compression. ਀뜀ऀ匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 搀愀琀愀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 昀漀爀 猀挀愀氀愀戀氀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最⸀  · System concepts for onboard science. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 搀愀琀愀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀  ਀䔀㌀⸀　㈀ 䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 倀氀愀渀渀椀渀最  Lead Center: ARC ਀ The Automation and Planning Subtopic solicits proposals concerned with technologies that allow a spacecraft or ground system to react to uncertainties or unplanned events in a robust fashion, while still achieving a set of high-level goals or tasks. Technology innovations include, but are not limited to: 1) automation and autonomous systems that support high-level command abstraction; 2) efficient and effective techniques for processing large volumes of data into useful information; 3) intelligent search of large, distributed data archives; and 4) intelligent data discovery through search over heterogeneous datasets and architectures. Collaboration between Earth scientists and computer scientists is encouraged so that these proposals demonstrate useful results. ਀ Specific areas of interest include the following, and offerors should identify their specific target categories: ਀ · Autonomous agents: intelligent, autonomous search agents that support applications involving science data available on the internet. ਀뜀ऀ䄀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 搀愀琀愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀㨀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀挀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀ⴀ戀漀愀爀搀 搀愀琀愀 最愀琀栀攀爀椀渀最 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀椀渀最 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 戀愀猀攀氀椀渀攀 椀洀愀最攀 搀愀琀愀 瀀爀椀漀爀椀琀礀 猀挀栀攀洀攀Ⰰ 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 漀渀ⴀ戀漀愀爀搀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀㬀 渀漀琀攀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 洀愀礀 愀爀椀猀攀 昀漀爀洀 琀栀攀 唀䄀嘀 栀攀爀椀琀愀最攀⸀  · Autonomous data logging devices (software, or hardware and software) supporting a variety of weather/climate sensors, capable of ground-based operation in a wide variety of environmental conditions; such systems would probably be solar powered with accurate time stamping. ਀뜀ऀ倀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀挀栀攀搀甀氀椀渀最 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀⸀  · System/subsystem health and maintenance, both space- and ground-based. ਀뜀ऀ䐀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 洀愀欀椀渀最Ⰰ 甀猀椀渀最 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 愀最攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 洀椀砀攀搀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Automated software testing. ਀뜀ऀ嘀攀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Legacy code maintenance and conversion. ਀뜀ऀ䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀挀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀⸀  · Software tools for parallelization; tools for production planning. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 䘀椀攀氀搀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀洀愀戀氀攀 䜀愀琀攀 䄀爀爀愀礀猀 ⠀䘀倀䜀䄀⤀ 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀Ⰰ 甀猀椀渀最 栀礀瀀攀爀ⴀ猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 搀愀琀愀 昀爀漀洀 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀⸀  ਀䔀㌀⸀　㌀ 䠀椀最栀 倀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 䌀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 一攀琀眀漀爀欀椀渀最  Lead Center: ARC ਀ This subtopic focuses on innovations in efficient and effective information technology tools and techniques for enabling NASA's science discovery processes. The emphasis in these proposals must be on collabora-tion among domain experts, application developers, and computer scientists to develop and demonstrate such advanced IT technologies. Areas of interest include: ਀ · Large-scale modeling and simulation ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀  · Parallelization and performance analysis tools and techniques ਀뜀ऀ刀甀渀琀椀洀攀 攀砀攀挀甀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 猀洀愀爀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 愀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀ⴀ洀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 挀爀漀猀猀ⴀ搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀⤀  ਀䔀㌀⸀　㐀 䜀攀漀猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 䐀愀琀愀 䄀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 倀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀 嘀椀猀甀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  Lead Center: SSC ਀ Proposals are sought for the development of advanced technologies to enhance human and machine interaction in support of scientific, commercial and educational application of remote sensing data. An emphasis is on distributed and/or mobile teams in validation and verification exercises and for the commer-cialization of remote sensing data. Focus areas are to provide tools for interpretation, visualization or analysis of remotely sensed data and to provide qualitative and quantitative analysis tools and techniques for performance analysis of remotely sensed data. Applications can support the commercial remote sensing industry and enhance the commercial or educational application of Earth science data. Areas of specific interest include:਀ · Unique, innovative data reduction and rapid analysis methodologies and algorithms, particularly for hyperspectral data sets ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀椀⸀攀⸀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 愀渀搀 䰀椀搀愀爀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⤀  · Software tools for mobile computing and efficient data collection and/or presentation ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀挀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䜀倀匀 搀愀琀愀 椀渀琀漀 椀渀 猀椀琀甀 搀愀琀愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 氀椀渀欀猀 琀漀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 搀愀琀愀戀愀猀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 洀漀搀攀氀猀  · Innovative techniques to automate quality assurance processes for science data products ਀뜀ऀ䐀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀栀愀爀椀渀最 漀昀 昀甀猀攀搀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 搀愀琀愀 猀攀琀猀 琀漀 挀漀爀爀攀氀愀琀攀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 搀愀琀愀 猀攀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 搀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 愀攀爀椀愀氀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 甀渀椀焀甀攀Ⰰ 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀氀礀 甀猀攀昀甀氀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀  · Data merge and fusion software for efficient production and real-time delivery of commercial digital products to teams and remote users ਀뜀ऀ吀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀  · Software to automate the rapid processing and distribution of sub-setting and presenting RS data over a network ਀뜀ऀ匀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 搀椀最椀琀愀氀 琀漀瀀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 愀渀搀 瘀攀最攀琀愀琀椀漀渀 挀愀渀漀瀀礀 搀愀琀愀 漀戀琀愀椀渀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀  · Innovative approaches to technologies that contribute to the understanding of data through the display and visualization of some or all of the above data types including providing the linkages and user interface between the cartographic model and attribute databases ਀뜀ऀ嘀椀猀甀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀瘀愀爀椀愀琀攀 最攀漀猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 搀愀琀愀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 爀攀洀漀琀攀氀礀 猀攀渀猀攀搀 搀愀琀愀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 愀渀搀 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀Ⰰ 瘀攀挀琀漀爀 搀愀琀愀 昀爀漀洀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 愀渀搀 瀀爀椀瘀愀琀攀 愀爀挀栀椀瘀攀猀㬀 挀愀爀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀 搀愀琀愀ⴀ戀愀猀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 愀渀搀 瀀爀椀瘀愀琀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀㬀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀漀甀猀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 搀愀琀愀 栀攀氀搀 愀猀 愀 爀愀猀琀攀爀 搀愀琀愀 洀漀搀攀氀㬀 愀渀搀 ㌀ⴀ䐀 搀愀琀愀 栀攀氀搀 椀渀 愀 琀爀甀攀 ㌀ⴀ䐀 爀愀猀琀攀爀 洀漀搀攀氀⸀  ਀䔀㌀⸀　㔀 䐀愀琀愀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 嘀椀猀甀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀  Lead Center: GSFC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䄀刀䌀  ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 昀漀挀甀猀攀猀 漀渀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀漀 氀漀挀愀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀甀洀洀愀爀椀稀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀椀渀最 氀愀爀最攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀  of Earth science data in a highly distributed and networked environment. Areas of technology innovation include:਀ · Design and implementation of a virtual reality CAVE for scientific data visualization Ideas can include: 3-D virtual reality environments that will let users 'fly' through the data space; precom-puted data fly-throughs that let users search within the fly-through space (i.e., fast forward, reverse, slow motion) to locate specific areas of interest; incorporation of commodity data com-pression techniques (such as HDTV/MPEG) for reduced storage and transmission requirements; progressive compression and caching techniques that optimize resolution and performance when zooming in for additional detail; techniques for georectification, data overlays, data reduction, and data encoding that work across a distributed environment of widely differing data types and for-mats; development of integrated object oriented storage and compression techniques that are integrated into search algorithms; novel 3-D presentation techniques that minimize or eliminate the need for special user devices such as goggles or helmets; techniques for high bandwidth col-laboration with other users in a distributed environment; development of techniques that invoke integrated visual and auditory presentation cues. Data viewing and real-time data browse, includ-ing fast, general purpose rendering tools for scientific applications. Viewing of multi-variate geospatial data including remotely sensed data. ਀뜀ऀ吀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀  · Technologies supporting management, storage, search and retrieval of very large, distributed, geo-spatial earth science data volumes: Tools to facilitate automatic data product legacy, quality assur-ance and metadata updates. Object relational technologies specific for Earth sciences. Meta-data discovery to facilities the automated use of data from different sources. Automatic metric collec-tion and analysis for data use and data ordering. Smart Objects Dumb Archives (SODA) and storage, archival and retrieval standards applicable to ESE mission requirements. ਀ ਀䔀㌀⸀　㘀 伀渀ⴀ䈀漀愀爀搀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 昀漀爀 䐀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 䄀挀琀椀漀渀猀  Lead Center: ARC ਀ Current sensors can collect more data than is possible to transmit to the ground for analysis. One solution is to incorporate intelligence in the sensor or platform to prioritize or summarize the data and send down high priority or synoptic data. In the future, a sensor-web capability will demand this remote on-board autonomy and intelligence about the kind and content of data being collected to support rapid decision-making and tasking. Most sensors operate remotely with limited resources; solutions are needed that efficiently operate in these environments to classify or understand the data to support decision and actions on-board or in conjunction with mission operations. This subtopic is interested in developing new methods to autono-mously understand Earth Science data in support of making rapid decisions and taking actions. ਀ · Software methods that can identify and select adaptive compression and/or prioritize data for transmission. ਀뜀ऀ䄀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀椀琀礀 漀昀 搀愀琀愀 漀爀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 爀攀搀甀渀搀愀渀琀 愀渀搀 氀漀眀 瀀爀椀漀爀椀琀礀 搀愀琀愀 椀渀 昀愀瘀漀爀 漀昀 渀漀瘀攀氀 漀爀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 搀愀琀愀⸀  · Methods to segment sensor data streams and for compression, analysis and/or summarization. ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䔀㐀 䄀瀀瀀氀礀椀渀最 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀  ਀吀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 ⠀䔀匀䔀⤀ 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀猀 琀漀 猀琀爀椀瘀攀 琀漀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀 最氀漀戀愀氀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 挀栀愀渀最椀渀最Ⰰ 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀 挀栀愀渀最攀 愀渀搀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀猀攀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀 愀昀昀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 愀渀搀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀椀猀 吀漀瀀椀挀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 眀愀渀琀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀椀攀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 愀挀挀漀洀瀀氀椀猀栀 琀眀漀 最漀愀氀猀㨀 䜀漀愀氀 ㄀Ⰰ 愀挀挀攀氀攀爀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 一䄀匀䄀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 搀愀琀愀 愀渀搀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 椀渀琀漀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀漀漀氀猀 甀猀攀搀 戀礀 洀愀渀愀最攀爀猀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 猀琀攀眀愀爀搀猀栀椀瀀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀ᤀ猠 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 最漀愀氀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀攀猀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀氀氀漀眀 琀栀攀 爀漀甀琀椀渀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀 椀渀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀漀漀氀猀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀 椀渀 甀猀攀 戀礀 愀 戀爀漀愀搀 甀猀攀爀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀⸀ 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀漀漀氀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 甀猀攀搀 搀愀椀氀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 氀愀渀搀⼀戀椀漀琀愀Ⰰ 愀椀爀Ⰰ 眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀洀攀爀最攀渀挀礀 椀猀猀甀攀猀㬀 䜀漀愀氀 ㈀Ⰰ 椀渀猀瀀椀爀攀 愀渀搀 洀漀琀椀瘀愀琀攀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 瀀甀爀猀甀攀 挀愀爀攀攀爀猀 椀渀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 洀愀琀栀攀洀愀琀椀挀猀⸀  ਀䔀㐀⸀　㄀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 吀漀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 吀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 匀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 倀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀 唀猀攀猀 漀昀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 伀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀  Lead Center: SSC ਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䴀匀䘀䌀 ਀吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 渀攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀欀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 戀漀琀栀 甀猀攀昀甀氀 愀渀搀 攀愀猀礀 琀漀 甀猀攀 戀礀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀琀椀漀渀攀爀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 猀攀攀欀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 攀渀搀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ攀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 洀愀欀攀爀猀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 洀甀猀琀 甀猀攀 一䄀匀䄀 䔀愀爀琀栀 伀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 ⠀猀攀攀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀最愀椀愀⸀栀焀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⼀攀猀攀开洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⼀⤀⸀ 伀琀栀攀爀 爀攀洀漀琀攀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 搀愀琀愀 愀渀搀 最攀漀猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 洀愀礀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 昀漀挀甀猀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 愀猀瀀攀挀琀 漀昀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀ⴀ琀愀氀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀⸀ 伀昀昀攀爀漀爀猀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀攀搀 瀀爀漀漀昀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 椀渀 栀愀渀搀⸀ 吀漀瀀椀挀猀 漀昀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 䐀椀瘀椀猀椀漀渀 洀愀礀 戀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 愀琀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀攀猀愀⸀猀猀挀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 戀甀琀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀Ⰰ 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀 攀砀琀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 搀愀琀愀 昀甀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀愀氀氀攀氀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 漀昀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀愀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 攀愀爀琀栀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 搀愀琀愀 戀礀 琀栀攀 渀漀渀ⴀ猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀椀猀琀⸀ 䔀愀猀攀 漀昀 甀猀攀Ⰰ 昀愀甀氀琀 琀漀氀攀爀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀琀愀琀椀猀琀椀挀愀氀 爀椀最漀爀 愀渀搀 爀漀戀甀猀琀渀攀猀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀昀椀搀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 渀漀渀ⴀ猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀椀猀琀 攀渀搀 甀猀攀爀⸀  ਀倀爀漀洀漀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀漀瀀攀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 愀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀ⴀ琀漀瀀椀挀Ⰰ 猀漀 䘀攀搀攀爀愀氀 搀愀琀愀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 伀瀀攀渀 䜀䤀匀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀ⴀ猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀 琀漀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 猀琀爀漀渀最氀礀 昀愀瘀漀爀攀搀 漀瘀攀爀 瀀爀漀瀀爀椀攀琀愀爀礀 ᠀戠氀愀挀欀ⴀ戀漀砀ᤀ†猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䔀渀搀漀爀猀攀洀攀渀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀 甀猀攀爀 漀昀 戀漀琀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 椀猀 搀攀猀椀爀愀戀氀攀⸀ 圀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 洀愀礀 戀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 琀漀 愀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 攀渀搀 甀猀攀爀 漀爀 洀愀爀欀攀琀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀漀漀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀瘀攀 戀爀漀愀搀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 昀愀瘀漀爀攀搀⸀ 䄀渀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 洀愀爀欀攀琀 瘀愀氀甀攀 漀爀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀⼀挀漀猀琀 眀椀氀氀 栀攀氀瀀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀攀爀猀 愀猀猀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀猀⸀  ਀䔀㐀⸀　㈀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䔀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 倀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 吀漀漀氀猀  Lead Center: GSFC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 匀匀䌀  ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 昀漀挀甀猀攀猀 漀渀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 挀氀愀猀猀爀漀漀洀 漀爀 洀甀猀攀甀洀 爀攀愀搀礀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 氀攀愀爀渀攀爀猀 椀渀 戀漀琀栀 昀漀爀洀愀氀 愀渀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀氀 猀攀琀琀椀渀最猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀猀攀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 一䄀匀䄀✀猀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 琀漀 愀 眀椀搀攀 愀爀爀愀礀 漀昀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀甀搀椀攀渀挀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 挀漀瘀攀爀猀 愀 眀椀搀攀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 愀甀搀椀攀渀挀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 愀搀甀氀琀猀 椀渀 戀漀琀栀 挀氀愀猀猀爀漀漀洀 猀攀琀琀椀渀最猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 猀挀栀漀漀氀猀 漀爀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀椀渀最 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 瘀攀渀甀攀猀 琀漀 愀氀氀 洀愀琀琀攀爀 漀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀氀 氀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 猀攀琀琀椀渀最猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 爀愀搀椀漀Ⰰ 琀攀氀攀瘀椀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 洀甀猀攀甀洀猀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀欀猀Ⰰ 猀挀漀甀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀渀攀琀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 瘀攀渀甀攀猀 琀栀攀 氀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 昀漀挀甀猀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀椀攀猀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䔀匀䔀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 甀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 洀愀欀椀渀最 戀礀 愀氀氀⸀  ਀吀栀攀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 ⠀搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 戀攀氀漀眀⤀ 挀爀漀猀猀ⴀ挀甀琀 琀栀攀 琀栀爀攀攀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀洀愀琀椀挀 愀爀攀愀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 䔀匀䔀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 ⠀昀漀爀洀愀氀Ⰰ 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀氀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀⤀ 愀渀搀 栀攀渀挀攀 愀爀攀 愀渀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 甀琀椀氀椀琀礀 椀渀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 琀眀漀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 愀爀攀愀猀 愀渀搀 洀漀猀琀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 椀渀 愀氀氀 琀栀爀攀攀 愀爀攀愀猀⸀  ਀吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 愀爀攀愀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 昀漀挀甀猀攀猀 漀渀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀椀最椀琀愀氀 氀椀戀爀愀爀礀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 攀搀甀挀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 愀甀搀椀攀渀挀攀猀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀✀猀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䔀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 䐀椀最椀琀愀氀 䰀椀戀爀愀爀礀 昀漀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 䔀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀䐀䰀䔀匀䔀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀 眀椀琀栀 漀爀 戀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 搀椀最椀琀愀氀 氀椀戀爀愀爀礀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 一䄀匀䄀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 洀愀欀攀 挀漀渀琀爀椀戀甀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 䐀䰀䔀匀䔀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 眀椀氀氀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 愀渀搀 甀猀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 最氀漀戀愀氀氀礀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀Ⰰ 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀攀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 渀攀眀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀愀猀⸀ 䌀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀猀琀猀Ⰰ 昀漀爀洀愀氀 漀爀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀氀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀猀琀猀 椀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀漀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀 甀猀攀昀甀氀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀⸀ 䄀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䔀砀琀攀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 䨀漀椀渀攀搀 䐀椀最椀琀愀氀 䰀椀戀爀愀爀礀 ⠀䨀伀䤀一⤀ 攀昀昀漀爀琀 戀礀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䨀椀渀椀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䨀伀䤀一 椀猀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀漀漀氀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 匀甀渀✀猀 䨀椀渀椀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀Ⰰ 搀攀挀攀渀琀爀愀氀ⴀ椀稀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 昀漀氀氀漀眀猀 ∀琀栀攀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀 椀猀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀∀ 瀀栀椀氀漀猀漀瀀栀礀⸀  · Development of formal and informal education audience-specific interfaces (for example, specific interfaces for students, park interpreters, TV producers, curriculum developers, etc.) ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀洀漀琀攀 搀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀甀搀椀攀渀挀攀猀 ⠀猀甀挀栀 愀猀 愀最攀Ⰰ 攀琀栀渀椀挀ⴀ椀琀礀Ⰰ 挀甀氀琀甀爀愀氀Ⰰ 甀爀戀愀渀⼀爀甀爀愀氀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀  · Development of accessibility tools for disabled users to interact and search digital libraries ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 渀攀眀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 洀愀琀栀攀洀愀琀ⴀ椀挀猀 愀渀搀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀琀 愀氀氀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀  · Development of interoperability tools to integrate dissimilar library archives. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 搀椀最椀琀愀氀 氀椀戀爀愀爀椀攀猀 戀礀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀ⴀ椀渀最 渀攀眀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 琀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 愀爀挀栀椀瘀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 洀攀琀愀搀愀琀愀 椀渀最攀猀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 爀攀琀爀椀攀瘀愀氀⸀  · Tools to support online community interaction which could include new means for gathering, in-teracting, and communicating with other library users ਀ The second area of interest focuses on innovation in effective software and related development techniques, and in highly practical methods for maintaining and disseminating software for use by educational audiences engaged in teaching or learning about Earth science. The specific areas of greatest interest are highly-portable, classroom-ready software for analysis, visualization and processing of Earth science satellite data, and methods to provide long-term support and viability for educational software. Collabora-tion between Earth scientists, educators, computer scientists and "business" model experts is required for these proposals to demonstrate useful results. Areas of interest include: ਀ · Extend the current Image 2000 effort by developing additional plug-in applications and modifying core software if necessary. Image 2000 is a Java/JAI-based image processing package being de-veloped at GSFC. ਀뜀ऀ唀猀攀爀ⴀ昀爀椀攀渀搀氀礀Ⰰ 攀砀琀攀渀猀椀戀氀攀Ⰰ 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀 椀洀愀最攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 昀漀爀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 甀猀攀 椀渀 䬀 ⴀ ㄀㈀Ⰰ 甀渀搀攀爀最爀愀搀甀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀椀渀最 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 瘀攀渀甀攀猀⸀  · Techniques and software for integrating vector and raster data for the visualization and analysis of geo-spatial Earth science data. ਀뜀ऀ吀甀琀漀爀椀愀氀猀 最攀愀爀攀搀 琀漀眀愀爀搀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 椀洀愀最攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 昀漀爀 瘀椀猀甀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀 椀洀愀最攀爀礀⸀  · Infrastructure and startup of an Internet based user-supported support and development network, in the spirit of "Open-Source," to ensure continued maintenance and development of Earth science satellite image processing software and tutorials for educational audiences. ਀ E4.03 Wireless Technologies for Spatial Data Input, Manipulation and Distribution ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 匀匀䌀  ਀吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 眀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 昀椀攀氀搀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 猀攀渀搀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 搀椀最椀琀愀氀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀漀最 搀愀琀愀 昀爀漀洀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 瀀栀漀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 挀愀洀攀爀愀猀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 猀挀愀渀渀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀琀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 渀攀眀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 琀漀 爀愀瀀椀搀氀礀Ⰰ 椀渀 爀攀愀氀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 椀渀最攀猀琀 搀愀琀愀 猀攀焀甀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 昀爀漀洀 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 椀渀瀀甀琀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 昀椀攀氀搀 瘀攀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀愀琀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀 琀栀攀 搀愀琀愀 琀漀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 渀漀搀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀攀爀瘀攀爀猀 愀琀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 栀甀戀 猀椀琀攀猀⸀ 䐀愀琀愀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 眀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀Ⰰ 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀 愀渀搀 氀愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 挀愀爀爀椀攀爀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀ᤀ†漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀琀椀戀氀攀 眀椀琀栀 挀漀洀洀漀渀氀礀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 戀攀 瀀爀漀瀀爀椀攀琀愀爀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀椀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 瀀愀猀猀眀漀爀搀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 漀昀 搀愀琀愀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 昀椀攀氀搀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀 椀渀瀀甀琀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀愀琀愀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀攀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀 猀漀 琀栀愀琀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀 挀愀渀 甀猀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 甀渀椀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀攀氀搀⸀ 䈀椀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 挀愀渀 戀攀 昀椀渀最攀爀瀀爀椀渀琀Ⰰ 爀攀琀椀渀愀 猀挀愀渀猀Ⰰ 昀愀挀椀愀氀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 最攀漀猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 甀猀攀 搀椀最椀琀愀氀 椀洀愀最攀爀礀 愀渀搀 栀愀瘀攀 䜀倀匀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀 眀椀琀栀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 琀栀攀 爀攀渀搀攀爀椀渀最 漀昀 瘀攀挀琀漀爀 愀渀搀 爀愀猀琀攀爀 搀愀琀愀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 搀愀琀愀 昀漀爀 攀愀猀礀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最⸀ 吀栀攀 甀渀椀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 猀攀爀椀愀氀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀愀氀氀攀氀 愀渀搀 唀匀䈀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀Ⰰ 洀攀洀漀爀礀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 琀漀 猀琀漀爀攀 愀渀搀 洀愀渀椀瀀甀氀愀琀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 最椀最愀戀礀琀攀猀 漀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀椀攀氀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 昀甀氀氀礀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 攀渀搀 琀漀 攀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 爀愀渀最攀 昀爀漀洀 氀愀瀀琀漀瀀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀猀 琀漀 猀攀爀瘀攀爀猀 愀琀 搀椀猀琀愀渀琀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䘀椀攀氀搀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀漀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀 瀀氀愀渀渀攀爀猀 眀椀氀氀 甀猀攀 琀栀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 眀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 䘀椀爀猀琀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀攀爀猀 琀漀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 愀渀搀 栀甀洀愀渀ⴀ洀愀搀攀 搀椀猀愀猀琀攀爀猀 眀椀氀氀 愀氀猀漀 甀猀攀 琀栀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀ ਀ ਀ 㤀⸀㄀⸀㐀  匀倀䄀䌀䔀 䘀䰀䤀䜀䠀吀 ਀吀栀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 椀猀 琀漀 漀瀀攀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀爀漀渀琀椀攀爀 戀礀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 甀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 琀漀 攀砀瀀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 昀愀爀 爀攀愀挀栀攀猀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 䤀琀 搀漀攀猀 琀栀椀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀爀攀攀 琀栀攀洀攀猀㨀 吀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀攀洀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀猀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 愀 瀀攀爀洀愀ⴀ渀攀渀琀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 䤀匀匀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 愀 氀漀渀最ⴀ搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 栀愀戀椀琀愀戀氀攀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 昀漀爀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 氀椀洀椀琀猀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 攀砀瀀愀渀搀椀渀最 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 氀椀瘀椀渀最 愀渀搀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀栀甀琀琀氀攀 琀栀攀洀攀 戀甀椀氀搀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 匀栀甀琀琀氀攀✀猀 瀀爀椀洀愀挀礀 愀猀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀氀搀✀猀 洀漀猀琀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 瘀攀爀猀愀琀椀氀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀栀甀琀琀氀攀Ⰰ 昀椀爀猀琀 氀愀甀渀挀栀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㠀㄀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 琀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 匀琀愀琀攀猀 昀漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 匀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀洀攀 攀渀挀漀洀瀀愀猀猀攀猀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀猀㨀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 䰀愀甀渀挀栀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 刀漀挀欀攀琀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀ⴀ猀椀漀渀 吀攀猀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ ਀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀栀焀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⼀漀猀昀⼀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䘀㄀ 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䄀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 䴀漀搀攀氀椀渀最ऀ㄀㌀㐀 F1.01 Process and Human Facors Engineering Technologies 134਀䘀㄀⸀　㈀ 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 䄀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 䤀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 䴀漀搀攀氀椀渀最ऀ㄀㌀㔀 TOPIC F2 Self-Sufficient Space Systems 136਀䘀㈀⸀　㄀ 䤀渀 匀椀琀甀 刀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 唀琀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 倀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 䠀甀洀愀渀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀ऀ㄀㌀㜀 F2.02 Multi-agent and Human-centric Systems Technologies 138਀䘀㈀⸀　㌀ 䴀漀搀甀氀愀爀 匀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀ऀ㄀㌀㤀 TOPIC F3 Space Utilities and Power 141਀䘀㌀⸀　㄀ 吀栀攀爀洀愀氀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 䠀甀洀愀渀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀ऀ㄀㐀㄀ F3.02 Spaceport Cryogenic Fluids Handling and Storage Technologies 142਀䘀㌀⸀　㌀ 匀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀⼀刀愀渀最攀 䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀ऀ㄀㐀㐀 F3.04 Electromagnetic Physics Measurements, Control, and Simulation Technologies 147਀䘀㌀⸀　㔀 圀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀 倀漀眀攀爀 吀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀ऀ㄀㐀㜀 F3.06 Propellant Depots and In-Space Cryogenic Fluids, Handling and Storage 149਀䘀㌀⸀　㜀 匀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀 䌀漀洀洀愀渀搀Ⰰ 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 䴀漀渀椀琀漀爀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀ऀ㄀㔀　 F3.08 Solar Power Generation and Power Management 152਀䘀㌀⸀　㤀 倀漀眀攀爀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 䠀甀洀愀渀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀ऀ㄀㔀㌀ TOPIC F4 Habitation, BioAstronautics and Extravehicular Activity 154਀䘀㐀⸀　㄀ 䔀砀琀爀愀瘀攀栀椀挀甀氀愀爀 䄀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 倀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀ऀ㄀㔀㐀 F4.02 Crew Habitability Systems 156਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䘀㔀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䄀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀Ⰰ 䤀渀猀瀀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䴀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀ऀ㄀㔀㘀 F5.01 Automated Rendezvous and Docking and Capture 157਀䘀㔀⸀　㈀ 刀漀戀漀琀椀挀猀 昀漀爀 䌀爀攀眀 䄀猀猀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 伀渀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀⼀倀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 䄀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀Ⰰ 䴀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀                      愀渀搀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀椀渀最ऀ㄀㔀㜀 F5.03 Structural Concepts, Materials, and Assembly for Modular Systems 159਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䘀㘀 䠀甀洀愀渀 䔀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䔀砀瀀攀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀ऀ㄀㘀　 F6.01 Crew Training and On-Board Crew Support 160਀䘀㘀⸀　㈀ 䐀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀⼀䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䜀爀漀甀渀搀 伀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀ऀ㄀㘀㄀ TOPIC F7 Space Transportation 162਀䘀㜀⸀　㄀ 䠀椀最栀 倀漀眀攀爀 䔀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 䘀漀爀 䠀甀洀愀渀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀ऀ㄀㘀㈀ F7.02 Propulsion Systems Ground Test Operations 163਀䘀㜀⸀　㌀ 䔀渀攀爀最礀 䌀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䔀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 䰀愀甀渀挀栀 䄀猀猀椀猀琀 愀渀搀 䔀渀攀爀最礀 匀琀漀爀愀最攀ऀ㄀㘀㐀 ਀  TOPIC F1 Systems Integration, Analysis and Modeling਀ The goal of this topic is to enable the optimization of investments made in multi-disciplinary technologies for the development of on-orbit intelligent modular infrastructures and systems for manufacturing, assembly, deployment, servicing, repair, refueling to create and maintain an entirely new and revolutionary generation of space infrastructure. These systems of systems involve the development of integrated and interoperable components and sub-systems that are more capable than those currently achievable. The effort includes identification and refinement of advanced system and architecture concepts that may dramatically increase the self-sustainability, safety and reliability -- and reduce the cost while enhancing the multi-functionality, performance and capabilities of ambitious future human exploration missions and campaigns beyond Earth orbit. This topic also encompasses establishing a foundation of relationships with the space users community including the space, Earth and biological science community and potential commercial or international partners for in-space operations. Specific objectives of this topic involve the development and validation of innovative new analysis/modeling/design tools and techniques for 1) conducting advanced concepts studies to create/identify innovative new approaches to modular space infrastructures, energy-rich modular platforms, human-machine teams capabilities, intelligent self-sustained modular robotics capabilities, and affordable “Anywhere-Anytime” class access to space capabilities throughout the earth neighborhood 2) Conducting detailed, end-to-end architecture studies incorporating the most promising new systems and infrastructure concepts, 3) Develop and test in the laboratory con-cepts, technologies and validate performance and limitations, and 4) Continuous-thrust propulsion systems which offer an efficient and flexible compliment and/or alternative to traditional high thrust only chemical systems. ਀ F1.01 Process and Human Factors Engineering Technologies ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䬀匀䌀 Participating Center(s): ARC ਀ Process and Human Factors Engineering Technologies include research and development of innovative tools and technologies to improve process/task safety and efficiency. Spaceport launch and payload processing systems have many unique aspects that require development of advanced process, human factors, and industrial engineering technologies. Process and Human Factors Engineering Technologies emphasize the interfaces between people, processes, and hardware/software systems in specific work environments. Process and Human Factors Engineering focuses on the science of process improvement and optimization of operational phases complex systems, including current and future space transportation systems. The overall goal of the Process and Human Factors Engineering Technologies subtopic is to develop highly effective technologies for designing, implementing, improving, and managing safe and efficient processes, systems, and work environments that can be quickly adapted to the changing needs of current and future spaceports and ranges. ਀ Process and Human Factors Engineering Technologies directly support NASA's goals of achieving safe, reliable, and low cost space access and exploration. Proposals may address the development of new concepts, methodologies, processes, and/or software support systems that advance the state-of-the-art in one or any combination of the following technology focus areas: modeling and simulation, human factors and ergonomics, task analysis technologies, process and operations analysis, life cycle systems engineering, and scheduling and risk assessment technologies. ਀ Specific high priority Process and Human Factors Engineering Technology needs for the 2003 SBIR solicitation include: ਀ · Developing technologies to improve or automate planning/scheduling/asset allocation functions for spaceports and ranges. Resource (people, hardware, etc.) management and allocation technolo-gies. Schedule optimization technologies. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 洀漀搀攀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 昀氀漀眀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀⸀ 倀爀漀挀攀猀猀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀攀愀洀氀椀渀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀ 䴀漀搀攀氀猀 漀昀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 愀渀搀 氀愀渀搀椀渀最 猀挀攀渀愀爀椀漀猀⸀  · Operations management technologies for spacecraft testing, checkout, and verification, e.g., paper-less work control systems. Paperless electronic work authorizing document and problem reporting and corrective action systems to be used during spaceport test procedure authoring, execution, and post-test data trend analysis. ਀뜀ऀ䌀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀琀椀漀渀 椀渀猀瀀攀挀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 愀渀搀 最爀漀甀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀渀猀瀀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 甀猀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀ⴀ渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀漀渀⼀爀漀戀漀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⼀渀攀甀爀愀氀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀⸀  · Technologies to improve thermal protection system water proofing techniques and densification processes that reduce the hazard level to spaceport personnel. Develop new thermal protection sys-tems and processes that do not require waterproofing or densification. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 琀漀 愀渀愀氀礀稀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 漀昀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀愀氀 瀀愀搀猀 昀漀爀 攀愀挀栀 挀氀愀猀猀 漀昀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀㬀 攀砀ⴀ瀀攀渀搀愀戀氀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 ⠀氀漀眀Ⰰ 洀攀搀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀⤀ 愀渀搀 爀攀甀猀愀戀氀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 ⠀瘀攀爀琀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 栀漀爀椀稀漀渀琀愀氀 氀愀甀渀挀栀⤀⸀ 䔀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 瀀漀椀渀琀猀Ⰰ 昀甀攀氀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 氀漀最椀猀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀ⴀ挀愀氀氀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀漀氀⸀  · Develop the capability to automatically record the entrance and exit of all components from an item such as a small drill bit to large ground support equipment within critical areas; i.e., auto-matic parts/tool identification and tracking systems. Electronic integration of identification for area access, equipment checkout/control, and personnel identification. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀攀⼀洀攀愀猀甀爀攀⼀爀攀挀漀爀搀 搀愀洀愀最攀 椀渀 琀栀爀甀猀琀攀爀 渀漀稀稀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 椀渀猀甀氀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 椀渀挀甀爀爀攀搀 搀甀爀椀渀最 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最 漀爀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最⸀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 椀渀猀瀀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀瀀愀椀爀 漀昀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  ਀䘀㄀⸀　㈀ 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 䄀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 䤀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 䴀漀搀攀氀椀渀最  Lead Center: JPL਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䨀匀䌀Ⰰ 䴀匀䘀䌀 ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 昀漀挀甀猀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀挀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀椀渀最 栀椀最栀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 愀 昀愀挀琀漀爀 ㈀㨀㄀ 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 挀漀猀琀 愀渀搀 㔀㨀㄀ 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ猀甀猀琀愀椀渀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 挀漀洀瀀愀爀攀搀 琀漀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 漀昀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀漀瀀攀爀愀戀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 戀爀攀愀欀琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀 昀漀甀爀 洀愀椀渀 愀爀攀愀猀㨀 氀漀渀最ⴀ琀攀爀洀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀漀渀猀甀洀愀戀氀攀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀Ⰰ 攀瘀漀氀瘀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 愀搀愀瀀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀漀渀最ⴀ琀攀爀洀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 䰀漀渀最ⴀ琀攀爀洀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀猀 琀漀 栀愀渀搀氀攀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀猀 搀甀攀 琀漀 爀愀渀搀漀洀 攀瘀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 搀攀猀椀最渀 攀爀爀漀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀攀愀爀ⴀ漀甀琀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀⸀ 䄀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀漀渀猀甀洀愀戀氀攀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 椀猀 琀漀 洀愀砀椀洀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀猀甀洀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀漀渀猀甀洀愀戀氀攀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀渀搀 昀甀攀氀⸀ 䔀瘀漀氀瘀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀猀 琀漀 戀甀椀氀搀 椀渀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀 猀漀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 甀瀀搀愀琀攀搀 愀昀琀攀爀 氀愀甀渀挀栀⸀ 伀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 甀猀攀昀甀氀 氀椀昀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 漀戀猀漀氀攀猀挀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀渀ⴀ戀漀愀爀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 䰀漀渀最ⴀ琀攀爀洀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 琀漀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀猀琀猀 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀 愀 眀漀爀欀昀漀爀挀攀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀漀漀氀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀搀愀瀀琀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 一䄀匀䄀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 渀漀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 愀挀琀 愀猀 愀 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 戀氀漀挀欀 琀漀 甀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀椀渀最 愀渀 攀渀搀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ攀渀搀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀 昀漀爀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀稀椀渀最 愀渀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 瀀愀爀愀搀椀最洀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀欀攀猀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 愀 渀攀眀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 攀爀愀 漀昀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀氀攀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 愀渀搀 攀瘀漀氀瘀愀戀氀攀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀漀 挀爀攀愀琀攀 洀甀氀琀椀昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 漀昀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 挀漀猀琀 愀渀搀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀琀椀攀猀 眀栀椀氀攀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀愀昀攀琀礀Ⰰ 氀椀昀攀 挀礀挀氀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䴀漀搀甀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀攀搀 漀昀 愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 漀爀 搀椀猀猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 最爀漀眀 椀渀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀琀礀 愀猀 洀漀爀攀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 愀搀搀攀搀⸀ 䔀愀挀栀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 猀洀愀爀琀Ⰰ 愀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ猀甀猀琀愀椀渀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 挀愀渀 戀攀 挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀攀搀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 漀爀 愀琀琀愀挀栀攀搀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀 瘀椀愀 琀栀攀 爀攀洀漀琀攀 攀砀挀栀愀渀最攀 漀昀 猀椀最渀愀氀猀 漀爀 栀愀爀搀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · A general purpose concept analysis, modeling and design optimization tool based on intelligent modules, general purpose design interfaces, expandable and reconfigurable architecture that can either be integrated in space or be able to be self-reconfigurable to evaluate or optimize a hierar-chical system design based on user defined goals, parameters and criteria. ਀뜀ऀ䴀漀搀甀氀愀爀 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀㨀 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 眀椀琀栀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 漀渀 樀漀椀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 愀挀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀⸀ 匀攀氀昀ⴀ栀攀愀氀椀渀最 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀⸀ 䔀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀 戀攀愀洀 昀爀攀攀 昀漀爀洀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 攀氀攀ⴀ洀攀渀琀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 洀愀搀攀 眀椀琀栀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 漀爀 栀礀戀爀椀搀猀 眀椀琀栀 攀洀戀攀搀搀攀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 愀挀ⴀ琀甀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 最椀瘀攀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 洀愀砀椀洀甀洀 愀搀愀瀀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀  · Modular Electronics: Distributed computing, storage, sensing, and power management, program-mable gate array processors, powered without wire. ਀뜀ऀ䐀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀挀攀㨀 刀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀氀攀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀 愀渀搀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 爀攀愀猀漀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀搀ⴀ瘀愀渀挀攀搀 栀甀洀愀渀ⴀ洀愀挀栀椀渀攀 猀攀愀洀氀攀猀猀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 戀椀漀洀漀爀瀀栀椀挀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 愀渀搀 挀攀氀氀甀氀愀爀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀洀椀渀最⸀ 䈀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀氀礀 椀渀猀瀀椀爀攀搀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀Ⰰ 搀攀猀椀最渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 瀀攀爀挀攀瀀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 爀攀愀猀漀渀椀渀最⸀  · Modular Robotics: Orchestrated assembly, servicing, and repairs, brilliant manipulators, human-robot teams, intelligent mission-adaptable positioning systems and assembly aids. ਀뜀ऀ䴀漀搀甀氀愀爀 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀㨀 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 栀攀愀琀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 猀挀愀氀愀戀氀攀 爀愀搀椀愀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 愀渀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀 氀愀礀ⴀ攀爀攀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀⸀  · Modeling structure that can accommodate systems and subsystems with their technology options. The model structure should be mission generic, yet capable of capturing space infrastructures sys-tem elements for assessing specific mission concepts. For example, the model should be capable of assessing the impact of specifying that a particular technology option be used for all elements in a mission architecture, including vehicle, surface and orbital infrastructure subsystems. In addi-tion, this subtopic focuses on developing innovative computer based hardware and software tools, components and subsystems that can evaluate and analyze competing technologies from a systems point-of-view and will allow the offerors to have a product suitable for marketing by the end of phase III. The tools should be applicable to a number of different applications. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀琀椀渀甀漀甀猀ⴀ琀栀爀甀猀琀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 搀攀猀椀最渀 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀椀渀最 漀昀 愀 猀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀 漀昀 琀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䄀 挀漀洀瀀爀攀栀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 椀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 攀洀攀爀最椀渀最 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀漀甀猀ⴀ琀栀爀甀猀琀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀㨀 倀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 漀昀 一ⴀ戀漀搀礀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 昀椀攀氀搀猀Ⰰ 猀漀氀愀爀 猀栀愀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀漀氀愀爀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 洀愀猀猀 挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀最攀渀挀攀⸀ 䴀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 漀昀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 搀漀猀愀最攀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀渀最椀渀攀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀 ⠀搀甀琀礀 挀礀挀氀攀Ⰰ 愀挀挀甀洀甀氀愀琀攀搀 攀渀最椀渀攀 漀渀ⴀ琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀⤀⸀ 䄀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 爀甀渀 琀椀洀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀氀氀漀眀 戀漀琀栀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀攀 愀渀搀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀爀椀挀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 愀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 琀椀洀攀昀爀愀洀攀⸀ 匀攀愀洀氀攀猀猀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀猀 愀洀漀渀最 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 昀椀攀氀搀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 攀猀挀愀瀀攀Ⰰ 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瀀栀愀猀攀猀⸀ 匀攀愀洀氀攀猀猀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 洀漀搀攀猀 愀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 昀漀爀 栀礀戀爀椀搀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 伀瀀琀椀洀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀 愀渀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 戀漀琀栀 攀焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 椀渀攀焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 挀漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀猀⤀⸀ 匀琀愀琀椀漀渀ⴀ欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 椀渀 愀渀 一ⴀ戀漀搀礀 最爀愀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 䜀甀椀搀愀渀挀攀 氀愀眀猀 昀漀爀 猀攀氀攀挀琀攀搀 洀愀渀攀甀瘀攀爀猀⸀ 一愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 氀漀眀 琀栀爀甀猀琀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 ⴀ 眀椀琀栀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 漀渀 最爀愀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 昀椀攀氀搀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 搀攀瀀愀爀琀甀爀攀 漀爀 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀 瀀栀愀猀攀猀⸀  ਀ TOPIC F2 Self-Sufficient Space Systems਀  The goal of this topic is to drive down the cost of human/robotic exploration missions and campaigns. This includes supporting improved health/safety for human explorers beyond Earth orbit. It also includes working with the space science community to test concepts and technologies. Specific objectives of this topic include 1) developing and validating the technology to utilize local resources, such as Regolith / Minerals, Ices and Atmosphere -- in order to produce, process and deliver consumables, including propel-lants -- storable and cryogenic; Life Support and other gases; and Water, 2) fabricate key physical structural systems/elements from local materials, including radiation shielding; structural elements (e.g., trusses, panels, etc.); and mechanical spares for mission system elements, 3) Enable local fabrication of selected "finished products" and/or "end-items", including photo-voltaic cells and solar arrays, wires, tubes, connectors, etc., and pressurized volumes, 4) Testing key technologies and demonstrate innovative new systems concepts in space, and 5) establishing a foundation for profitable commercial development of space applications of these technologies in the mid- to far-term. ਀ ਀䘀㈀⸀　㄀ 䤀渀 匀椀琀甀 刀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 唀琀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 倀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 䠀甀洀愀渀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀  Lead Center: JSC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䄀刀䌀Ⰰ 䬀匀䌀Ⰰ 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀吀栀攀 最爀攀愀琀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 氀攀愀爀渀攀搀 琀漀 氀椀瘀攀 漀昀昀 琀栀攀 氀愀渀搀 昀漀爀 昀漀漀搀Ⰰ 挀氀漀琀栀椀渀最Ⰰ 爀攀瀀氀愀挀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 氀漀猀琀 漀爀 戀爀漀欀攀渀 椀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀栀攀氀琀攀爀 愀猀 琀栀攀礀 瘀攀渀琀甀爀攀搀 昀愀爀 愀渀搀 氀漀渀最 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀椀爀 漀眀渀 戀愀猀攀猀 漀昀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀⸀ 䰀椀欀攀眀椀猀攀Ⰰ 椀琀 椀猀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 琀漀 愀渀礀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 漀昀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ䔀愀爀琀栀 猀瀀愀挀攀 ⠀䔀愀爀琀栀ⴀ䴀漀漀渀 愀渀搀 䔀愀爀琀栀ⴀ匀甀渀 氀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀漀椀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 氀甀渀愀爀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 䴀愀爀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 戀漀搀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀 氀攀愀爀渀 栀漀眀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀攀 洀愀砀椀洀甀洀 甀猀攀 漀昀 氀漀挀愀氀Ⰰ 椀渀搀椀最攀渀漀甀猀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀猀 愀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀猀Ⰰ 氀椀昀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 挀漀渀猀甀洀愀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 猀瀀愀爀攀 瀀愀爀琀猀Ⰰ 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀⸀ 䈀礀 瀀甀爀猀甀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀栀椀氀漀猀漀瀀栀礀 漀昀 ∀洀愀欀攀 眀栀愀琀 礀漀甀 渀攀攀搀 眀栀攀爀攀 礀漀甀 渀攀攀搀 椀琀∀ 椀渀猀琀攀愀搀 漀昀 戀爀椀渀最椀渀最 椀琀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 眀愀礀 昀爀漀洀 䔀愀爀琀栀Ⰰ 䤀渀 匀椀琀甀 刀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀 唀琀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀䤀匀刀唀⤀ 挀愀渀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 椀渀 愀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀愀猀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 爀椀猀欀 愀渀搀 挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀愀渀搀攀搀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ䔀愀爀琀栀 猀瀀愀挀攀 漀渀 攀砀琀爀愀琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀⸀ 䤀琀 挀愀渀 愀氀猀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 氀漀渀最ⴀ琀攀爀洀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 戀礀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 氀漀眀 挀漀猀琀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 愀氀氀漀眀 椀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 最爀漀眀⸀ ਀䘀漀爀 愀渀礀 䤀匀刀唀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 琀漀 戀攀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀氀礀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 ⠀椀⤀ 攀愀猀椀氀礀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ ⠀椀椀⤀ 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 洀愀猀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 戀爀漀甀最栀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 洀漀瘀攀 漀爀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀⤀Ⰰ ⠀椀椀椀⤀ 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀渀搀 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀甀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 挀漀渀猀甀洀愀戀氀攀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 椀琀猀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ ⠀椀瘀⤀ 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 漀爀 渀漀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ ⠀瘀⤀ 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 椀渀 攀砀琀爀攀洀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 椀昀 渀漀琀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 栀愀戀椀琀愀戀氀攀 攀渀挀氀漀猀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ ⠀瘀椀⤀ 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 漀爀 渀漀 栀甀洀愀渀 猀甀瀀攀爀瘀椀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 挀爀攀眀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀爀攀眀 琀爀愀椀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ⠀瘀椀椀⤀ 洀甀猀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 漀爀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 渀攀眀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 渀漀琀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀猀甀洀愀戀氀攀猀⸀  ਀䄀氀氀 䤀匀刀唀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 搀椀瘀椀搀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 漀渀攀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀椀瘀攀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 琀愀猀欀 愀爀攀愀猀 戀攀氀漀眀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 猀甀戀洀椀琀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 猀椀渀最氀攀 漀爀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀愀猀欀 愀爀攀愀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 椀最渀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀椀琀礀 漀爀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀猀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 氀椀渀欀攀搀 愀爀攀愀猀 渀漀琀 挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 ⠀攀砀⸀ 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 漀渀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 猀栀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 椀最渀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀椀渀最 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀猀⤀⸀  ਀刀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀 䌀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䌀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀椀渀最 ISRU requires efficient excavation and transport of resources in extremely cold (ex, permanent shadowed lunar crater, dusty/abrasive, and/or micro-g environments (e.g., asteroids, comets, Mars moons, etc.). Proposals of interest include methods and systems for digging, sorting, mineral separation, and transporting regolith or other surface materials to a processing reactor in reduced gravity. ਀ Resource Processing & Refining ਀䤀匀刀唀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀猀Ⰰ 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀渀猀甀洀愀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀攀攀搀猀琀漀挀欀 ⠀猀甀挀栀 愀猀 猀椀氀椀挀漀渀Ⰰ 愀氀甀洀椀渀甀洀Ⰰ 椀爀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀猀琀椀挀⤀ 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 椀渀 猀椀琀甀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 攀砀琀爀愀挀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 椀渀 猀椀琀甀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 椀渀琀漀 甀猀愀戀氀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 漀爀 昀攀攀搀猀琀漀挀欀 昀爀漀洀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀Ⰰ 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀甀戀猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 氀椀昀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 愀渀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 戀礀瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 愀渀搀 眀愀猀琀攀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 最愀猀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀甀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 洀攀洀戀爀愀渀攀猀 漀爀 愀搀猀漀爀瀀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 爀愀眀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 ⠀瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 戀漀搀椀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀猀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀Ⰰ 椀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 ⠀洀攀琀愀氀 漀砀椀搀攀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 䴀漀漀渀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⤀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 瀀甀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀椀昀攀ⴀ猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀⸀ 䔀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 瀀氀愀挀攀搀 漀渀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 眀愀琀攀爀⼀椀挀攀 攀砀琀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 搀爀椀氀氀椀渀最 猀栀漀甀氀搀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 甀渀挀攀爀琀愀椀渀琀礀 愀渀搀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 瘀愀爀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 戀漀琀栀 琀栀攀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀戀甀渀搀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 眀愀琀攀爀⸀  ਀䤀渀 匀椀琀甀 䴀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最 ISRU requires processing and manufacturing techniques capable of producing 100's to 1000's their own mass of product in their useful lifetimes, with reasonable quality. In situ manufacturing can use either in situ or Earth supplied feedstock. Proposals of interest include methods for processing Earth supplied, Moon, Mars, and asteroid surface materials or processed feedstock into useful equipment (e.g., solar panels, radio antennas, replacement parts, etc.) and construction materials, which require little or no further manufacturing or assembly that enable long-term settlement. ਀ In Situ Construction਀倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 攀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀椀渀最 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 ⠀琀爀甀猀猀攀猀Ⰰ 戀攀愀洀猀Ⰰ 猀栀攀氀氀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀ 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 漀爀 椀渀 猀椀琀甀 洀愀渀甀ⴀ昀愀挀琀甀爀攀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 漀昀 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀甀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 挀漀渀猀甀洀愀戀氀攀猀⸀ 䴀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 爀攀瀀愀椀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀瀀氀愀挀攀洀攀渀琀 挀漀猀琀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 ㈀　─ ⠀洀椀渀⤀ 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 䔀愀爀琀栀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀攀搀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀⸀ 伀昀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 昀爀攀攀 昀漀爀洀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 昀漀爀洀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 漀爀 洀椀渀椀洀愀氀氀礀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀搀 氀漀挀愀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 愀爀攀 攀愀猀椀氀礀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀戀氀攀⸀  ਀䔀渀搀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ䔀渀搀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 To minimize mass, volume, and power ISRU processes must be structurally, thermally, and electrically integrated to a significant degree. Proposals of interest include methods of packaging ISRU collection, reactor, separation, distribution, and control equipment that significantly reduce total package mass, volume, and power requirements for use in robotic and human mission applications. ਀ F2.02 Multi-agent and Human-centric Systems Technologies ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䄀刀䌀  ਀一䄀匀䄀 眀椀氀氀 攀砀瀀愀渀搀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀最栀氀礀 琀爀愀椀渀攀搀 栀甀洀愀渀 愀渀搀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 愀最攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀氀礀 愀渀搀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀⸀ 䴀甀氀琀椀琀甀搀攀猀 漀昀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 猀洀愀氀氀 琀攀愀洀猀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀猀 洀甀猀琀 眀漀爀欀 猀攀愀洀氀攀猀猀氀礀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 昀漀爀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀椀氀氀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 昀漀爀 漀渀攀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 攀瘀攀渀 椀渀 栀愀爀猀栀 愀渀搀 甀渀瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀愀戀氀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  ਀吀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 愀洀戀椀琀椀漀甀猀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 最漀愀氀猀Ⰰ 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀攀爀猀 洀甀猀琀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀 戀爀漀愀搀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀甀洀 漀昀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 爀漀戀甀猀琀Ⰰ 猀攀氀昀ⴀ氀攀愀爀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 攀瘀漀氀瘀愀戀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀椀琀栀 瘀愀爀礀椀渀最 搀攀最爀攀攀猀 漀昀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 氀攀瘀攀氀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀礀⸀ 䰀愀爀最攀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ愀最攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀椀氀氀 眀漀爀欀 昀甀氀氀礀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀氀礀Ⰰ 礀攀琀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 ⠀猀甀挀栀 愀猀 愀 ᰀ猠眀愀爀洀ᴀ†漀昀 猀挀漀甀琀 瀀爀漀戀攀猀 漀渀 愀渀 愀氀椀攀渀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 琀漀 猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 爀漀愀搀洀愀瀀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 伀琀栀攀爀 瀀愀爀琀椀愀氀氀礀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 洀椀最栀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀 漀渀 愀 爀攀洀漀琀攀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 漀爀 漀渀 䤀匀匀Ⰰ 礀攀琀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀攀 愀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀 最甀椀搀愀渀挀攀 愀猀 愀渀漀洀愀氀漀甀猀 搀愀琀愀 漀爀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀 愀爀攀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀ⴀ攀渀挀攀搀⸀ 匀琀椀氀氀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 洀椀最栀琀 猀攀爀瘀攀 愀猀 猀椀渀最氀攀 愀最攀渀琀 愀猀猀椀猀琀愀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 愀猀琀爀漀渀愀甀琀猀 琀漀 栀攀氀瀀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 匀栀甀琀琀氀攀Ⰰ 䤀匀匀 漀爀 瀀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 栀愀戀椀琀愀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 漀渀最漀椀渀最 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀Ⰰ 搀椀愀最渀漀猀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀瀀愀椀爀⸀  ਀吀漀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀 琀栀椀猀 瘀愀爀礀椀渀最 搀攀最爀攀攀 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ愀最攀渀琀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀礀Ⰰ 愀 挀漀爀爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀椀渀最氀礀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 氀攀瘀攀氀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀ⴀ挀攀渀琀爀椀挀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 琀漀 攀渀猀甀爀攀 愀 琀漀琀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀氀礀 椀渀琀攀ⴀ最爀愀琀攀猀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ愀最攀渀琀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀椀琀栀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 琀漀琀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 漀昀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀洀瀀氀椀昀椀攀猀Ⰰ 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀猀 琀栀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 戀漀琀栀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 愀渀搀 洀愀挀栀椀渀攀猀⸀ 䤀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀椀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀愀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ愀最攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀Ⰰ 瀀氀甀猀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 琀栀攀漀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀攀爀挀攀瀀琀甀愀氀Ⰰ 挀漀最渀椀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀挀椀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀渀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀攀砀琀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 戀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀搀 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀攀搀⸀ 䈀攀礀漀渀搀 琀栀椀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 栀愀爀猀栀 爀攀愀氀椀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 琀栀漀爀漀甀最栀氀礀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀漀漀搀Ⰰ 猀漀 琀漀漀氀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 渀漀琀攀戀漀漀欀猀Ⰰ 愀氀愀爀洀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀挀栀攀搀甀氀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 愀搀愀瀀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 氀椀瘀椀渀最 愀渀搀 眀漀爀欀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀 猀瀀愀挀攀 栀愀戀椀琀愀琀 漀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀爀猀⸀  ਀吀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 最漀愀氀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䴀甀氀琀椀ⴀ愀最攀渀琀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀挀栀攀搀甀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 搀椀愀最渀漀猀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀  · Diagnostic methods that integrate models of critical hardware and software functionality to detect absence of function and reconfigure to assure safe system operation. ਀뜀ऀ䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 愀最最爀攀最愀琀椀渀最 栀攀愀氀琀栀ⴀ洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 漀爀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ爀攀氀椀愀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Collaborative system intelligence capabilities to enhance science and self-reliance capabilities. ਀뜀ऀ䔀瘀漀氀瘀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 愀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀最最爀攀最愀琀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀琀礀⸀  · Advanced AI systems/architectures for mixed-initiative system planning, monitoring, and control, with provision for human oversight and decision-processes. ਀뜀ऀ䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀漀爀搀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀椀愀最渀漀猀琀椀挀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 栀甀ⴀ洀愀渀猀 昀漀爀 爀愀瀀椀搀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀渀漀洀愀氀椀攀猀Ⰰ 琀爀漀甀戀氀攀猀栀漀漀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · "Cognitive prostheses" that qualitatively change the capabilities of human perception, pattern analysis, scientific domain modeling, reasoning, and collaborative activity in a multi-agent envi-ronment. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 氀椀洀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 渀攀甀爀愀氀 渀攀琀ⴀ眀漀爀欀猀Ⰰ 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀漀 栀甀洀愀渀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀搀瘀愀渀挀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ愀爀琀 椀渀 挀漀漀爀搀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀礀 洀漀搀愀氀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 洀椀最栀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 瀀爀漀戀攀猀 愀渀搀 爀漀瘀攀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 渀攀眀 欀椀渀搀猀 漀昀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀椀最渀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最ⴀ琀栀爀漀甀最栀ⴀ洀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 攀砀瀀愀渀搀 栀甀洀愀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀⸀  · Information technologies for enabling comprehensive sharing across multiple agents, with support for intelligent organization, access and presentation of information. Particularly, workflow tools that fit the human activities of scientific inquiry and engineering design, but are developed for in-terfacing with autonomous, multiple-agent systems. ਀ F2.03 Modular Spacecraft Systems ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀匀䘀䌀 Participating Center(s): ARC, JSC, MSFC਀  There is a need for large and complex space systems in the missions of the future. The traditional mono-lithic approach to such large structures has always resulted in complex, custom designs with a rigid system architecture that had to be integrated on the ground before launch. Expensive heavy-lift launch vehicles were required to get them to orbit. This approach depended on a large initial investment and the resulting mission risk was substantial. ਀ A new modular concept for engineering these large space systems is based on expandable and reconfigur-able system architectures that will be integrated in space using intelligent modules of a general purpose design. These modules could be launched into orbit by medium expendable launch vehicles and once deployed would either assemble themselves or be assembled (human, robotic or a combination of both) into a pre-determined configuration. This lowers the overall risk to the mission because the loss of any one launch vehicle would only represent a small portion of the overall system. It also allows the cost to be spread out over many years and the cost of the individual modules will only be a low recurring cost because they are produced in mass quantities.਀ This subtopic will develop the technology building blocks to enable the assembly of these large space systems from a variety of modular components. There are deployable modules such as solar arrays, antennas and radiators. There are large integrated modules, such as habitation modules. And there are structural modules, such as truss elements, large aperture telescope elements and phased array microwave antenna elements. The assembly of these modules will require innovative construction approaches using either autonomous self-assembly, human (EVA) assembly, robotic assembly, or a combination of human and robotic assembly.਀ Questions that must be addressed as part of the infrastructure are the module interfaces and the module resources and services (power, data, thermal, communications and control). The functionality of each modular component must be considered in the context of the overall integrated system. ਀ Reconfigurable Systems਀伀渀攀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀 漀昀 愀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 琀漀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 氀攀渀搀猀 椀琀猀攀氀昀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀氀礀 琀漀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 刀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀猀 愀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 琀栀愀琀 愀氀氀漀眀猀 琀栀攀 爀攀愀猀猀椀最渀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀琀礀 愀洀漀渀最 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀瘀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀 漀爀 愀 挀栀愀渀最攀 椀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀⸀ 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀攀搀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 漀爀 漀渀 漀爀戀椀琀⸀ 䈀攀昀漀爀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 愀 猀琀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 氀愀甀渀挀栀ⴀ漀渀ⴀ搀攀洀愀渀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 瀀攀爀洀椀琀猀 氀愀琀攀 愀猀猀椀最渀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 愀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀⸀ 䘀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 琀漀搀愀礀 眀攀 洀愀礀 渀攀攀搀 愀 爀攀挀漀渀渀愀椀猀猀愀渀挀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 眀椀琀栀 愀搀攀焀甀愀琀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 昀漀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀⸀ 吀漀洀漀爀爀漀眀 眀攀 洀愀礀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 挀愀氀氀 甀瀀 愀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 眀椀琀栀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 栀椀最栀ⴀ戀愀渀搀眀椀搀琀栀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀渀搀攀爀猀⸀ 唀猀椀渀最 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 ᰀ瀠氀甀最ⴀ愀渀搀ⴀ瀀氀愀礀ᴀ†洀漀搀甀氀攀猀 眀攀 挀愀渀 焀甀椀挀欀氀礀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 洀攀攀琀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀⸀   ਀伀渀 漀爀戀椀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 洀愀渀礀 愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀猀 琀漀 戀攀椀渀最 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀攀 愀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 䘀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 愀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 洀愀礀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀氀礀 爀攀愀猀猀椀最渀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀洀漀渀最 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀瘀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀 猀漀 琀栀愀琀 漀琀栀攀爀 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀 瀀椀挀欀 甀瀀 琀栀攀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 眀愀猀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 昀愀椀氀攀搀 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀⸀ 圀攀 洀愀礀 挀栀漀漀猀攀 琀漀 愀氀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀昀漀爀洀 琀栀攀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀漀爀 昀漀爀 愀 氀愀爀最攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀 椀渀琀漀 愀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 猀礀渀琀栀攀琀椀挀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 爀愀搀愀爀⸀  䴀漀搀甀氀愀爀椀琀礀 椀猀 眀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀猀 琀栀椀猀 昀氀攀砀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀ 吀栀攀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀猀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 愀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀爀攀 攀渀漀爀洀漀甀猀⸀ ਀䤀渀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 眀攀 椀渀瘀椀琀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 漀昀 氀愀爀最攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀渀礀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 最爀漀甀渀搀 愀渀搀 昀氀椀最栀琀 琀攀猀琀戀攀搀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀猀攀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 昀漀甀爀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 欀攀礀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀㨀   ਀䤀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 䴀漀搀甀氀愀爀 䄀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 This area addresses innovative system architectures in which larger space systems are autonomously assembled in orbit by the coordinated effort of many intelligent modules. The functionality of each module, the logic for self-assembly and the cooperative aspects of the modules in the fully assembled system are areas of interest. ਀ Several new missions of exploration and space operations envision architectures that are based on what are called Gateway stations at the L1 and L2 Lagrange points. Exploration missions launched from these Lagrange points require relatively small changes in velocity to reach their destinations. With Lagrange points used as mission assembly points, many exploration missions may be assembled, launched and operated from these locations. Such architectures will require a complex infrastructure of reusable modular components for transportation from low Earth orbit as well as for intelligent self-assembly at the Lagrange point.਀ Modular systems offer the opportunity to build in system capabilities in a manner that is both highly efficient and capable of interacting with many other such modules to create “systems of systems” of great complexity. Such capabilities include science planning and execution, guidance and navigation, autono-mous capabilities of various levels, and system health management.਀ Modular Electronics਀吀栀攀 爀攀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 愀爀攀愀 眀椀氀氀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀漀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 攀瘀攀爀礀琀栀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 瀀氀甀最ⴀ椀渀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀椀攀猀 琀漀 猀洀愀爀琀 挀栀椀瀀猀 攀洀戀攀搀搀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ ਀䐀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 䤀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀挀攀 This area addresses the concept of modularity in the computational capabilities of space assets in which many intelligent modules form the nodes of a larger computing network thereby making the whole more intelligent than the sum of all the parts. Each module is autonomous in itself, yet contributes to the overall intelligence of the assembled space system. ਀ Reconfigurable Modular Architectures਀吀栀椀猀 愀爀攀愀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀攀猀 渀攀眀 愀渀搀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀欀攀猀 爀攀挀漀渀ⴀ昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀Ⰰ 攀椀琀栀攀爀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 漀爀 漀渀 漀爀戀椀琀⸀ 䌀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀搀愀瀀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀漀瀀攀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀爀攀 琀漀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀⸀   匀甀爀瘀椀瘀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 氀漀渀最攀爀 氀椀昀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 爀攀搀甀渀搀愀渀挀礀Ⰰ 最爀愀挀攀昀甀氀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀攀氀昀 爀攀瀀愀椀爀 愀渀搀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 栀甀洀愀渀 漀爀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀椀渀最⸀ 䄀搀愀瀀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀挀甀猀攀猀 漀渀 愀最椀氀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀瘀漀氀瘀攀 愀渀搀 愀搀愀瀀琀 琀漀 挀栀愀渀最椀渀最 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 渀攀攀搀猀 戀漀琀栀 椀渀 琀攀爀洀猀 漀昀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 搀愀琀愀ⴀ最愀琀栀攀爀椀渀最 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀琀礀⸀ 䤀渀琀攀爀漀瀀攀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀攀猀 瀀氀甀最ⴀ愀渀搀ⴀ瀀氀愀礀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀 昀漀爀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 琀椀洀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀猀琀 昀漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䘀㌀ 匀瀀愀挀攀 唀琀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 倀漀眀攀爀 ਀䄀 欀攀礀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 甀琀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀 琀漀瀀椀挀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 一䄀匀䄀 愀渀搀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 愀渀搀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀戀甀渀搀愀渀琀 瀀漀眀攀爀 昀漀爀 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 欀攀礀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 椀猀 琀漀 搀爀椀瘀攀 搀漀眀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀⼀爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀猀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 ㄀⤀ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 愀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 瀀漀眀攀爀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 ⴀ 䰀愀爀最攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 ⴀ 匀瀀愀挀攀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 ⴀ 䴀漀戀椀氀攀Ⰰ 瀀椀氀漀琀攀搀 漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀ⴀ猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 氀甀渀愀爀 漀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ⴀ 嘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 栀愀戀椀琀愀琀猀Ⰰ 攀砀琀爀愀瘀攀栀椀挀甀氀愀爀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 ⠀䔀嘀䄀⤀ 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀ ㈀⤀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 愀 昀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 欀攀礀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀ⴀ琀椀瘀攀 渀攀眀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ㌀⤀ 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 愀 昀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀昀椀琀愀戀氀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀ⴀ 琀漀 昀愀爀ⴀ琀攀爀洀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 琀愀爀最攀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀 ⴀ 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀漀氀愀爀 倀漀眀攀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⴀ 匀瀀愀挀攀 一甀挀氀攀愀爀 倀漀眀攀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⴀⴀ 昀漀爀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 ⴀ 圀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀 倀漀眀攀爀 吀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀ⴀ猀椀漀渀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⴀ 䌀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 搀攀瀀漀琀猀 ⴀ 䔀渀攀爀最礀 匀琀漀爀愀最攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀  ਀䘀㌀⸀　㄀ 吀栀攀爀洀愀氀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 䠀甀洀愀渀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀  Lead Center: JSC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀吀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 椀猀 愀渀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀渀礀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀Ⰰ 愀猀 椀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 琀栀攀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀爀攀眀 愀渀搀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀氀礀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀ⴀ爀愀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀攀搀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 爀愀渀最攀 ⠀㈀㜀㔀 䬀 ⴀ ㌀㄀　 䬀⤀ 搀爀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 栀甀洀愀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䄀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 最漀愀氀 椀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 栀椀最栀氀礀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 瀀漀猀猀攀猀猀 氀漀眀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 猀椀稀攀 愀渀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 ⠀椀⸀攀⸀Ⰰ 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 挀漀猀琀⤀⸀ 䄀爀攀愀猀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀 ਀뜀ऀ䠀攀愀琀 瀀甀洀瀀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 愀挀焀甀椀爀椀渀最 眀愀猀琀攀 栀攀愀琀 愀琀 渀攀愀爀 ㈀㜀㌀ 䬀 愀渀搀 爀攀樀攀挀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 栀攀愀琀 愀戀漀瘀攀 ㌀　　 䬀⸀  · Alternative technologies to provide cabin dehumidification and temperature control on-orbit with a fluid heat sink of 288 to 298 K. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 瀀愀爀琀椀愀氀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 攀渀攀爀最礀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀琀 ㌀㄀㄀ 䬀Ⰰ ㈀㤀㤀 䬀Ⰰ ㈀㜀㜀 䬀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㌀ 䬀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 㠀㠀 䬀⸀  · Lightweight, controllable evaporative heat rejection devices for use with water and ammonia. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 挀漀洀瀀愀琀椀戀氀攀 昀漀漀搀 愀渀搀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 爀攀昀爀椀最攀爀愀琀漀爀⼀昀爀攀攀稀攀爀 愀渀搀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 瀀爀攀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 漀瘀攀爀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 䤀匀匀 愀渀搀 匀吀匀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 爀愀渀最攀 昀爀漀洀 ㈀㜀㜀 䬀 琀漀 㤀㌀ 䬀⸀  · Insulations or insulation systems for use in creating lightweight, efficiently packaged, rectangular, cold volume enclosures for spacecraft refrigeration/freezer/cryogenic preservation systems, for the temperature range from 277 K to 93 K, and which are comparable to or improvements upon cur-rent vacuum wall performance. ਀뜀ऀ䘀氀甀椀搀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀渀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀戀氀攀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀漀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 瘀攀猀猀攀氀猀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀猀 漀昀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 栀愀稀愀爀搀猀⸀ 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀愀渀欀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 愀挀挀甀洀甀氀愀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 戀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 昀氀甀椀搀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 愀洀洀漀渀椀愀Ⰰ 渀椀琀爀漀最攀渀Ⰰ 漀砀礀最攀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀昀爀椀最攀爀ⴀ愀渀琀猀⸀ 倀漀猀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀 猀漀氀椀搀 漀爀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 瀀栀愀猀攀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀氀礀 挀漀洀戀椀渀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 甀猀攀 漀昀 愀渀礀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀 愀昀昀椀渀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀猀攀 挀愀渀搀椀搀愀琀攀猀⸀  · Low vibration or vibration isolating fluid components including fans, pumps, compressors, cool-ers, tubing, fittings, heat exchangers, and valves for use in microgravity processing applications. ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀氀礀 愀挀挀甀爀愀琀攀Ⰰ 爀攀洀漀琀攀氀礀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀攀搀Ⰰ 椀渀 猀椀琀甀Ⰰ 渀漀渀ⴀ椀渀琀爀甀猀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 洀攀攀琀椀渀最 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 渀攀攀搀猀⸀  · Materials and concepts for thermally efficient containment and processing of hazardous materials and samples in space. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 愀渀愀氀礀琀椀挀愀氀 琀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀⼀昀氀甀椀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 愀洀攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 挀漀渀挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀⸀  · Fluid quick disconnects that allow activation without exact alignment of the halves, that have low activation force (approx. 10 lbf) with internal pressures of 500psi, that are not sensitive to level 200 contamination, that leak less than 1x10-6 sccs He at 500psia over at temperature range of 100F to +100F and can be used with ammonia, water or R-134a. ਀뜀ऀ刀愀搀椀愀琀漀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 昀漀爀 漀爀戀椀琀愀氀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀 栀椀最栀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 爀攀ⴀ攀渀琀爀礀 ⠀縀㈀　　ⴀ㘀　　䘀⤀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 洀愀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 栀椀最栀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 漀爀 攀愀猀椀氀礀 爀攀愀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 挀漀愀琀椀渀最猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 搀椀漀搀攀猀 琀漀 瀀爀攀瘀攀渀琀 昀氀甀椀搀 漀瘀攀爀瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀⸀  ਀伀昀昀攀爀漀爀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀 攀砀瀀氀椀挀椀琀氀礀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀椀爀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀猀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 瘀漀氀甀洀攀Ⰰ 猀愀昀攀琀礀Ⰰ 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀攀猀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀猀 挀漀洀瀀愀爀攀搀 琀漀 猀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ愀爀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀  ਀䘀㌀⸀　㈀ 匀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀 䌀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 䘀氀甀椀搀猀 䠀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 匀琀漀爀愀最攀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  Lead Center: KSC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䜀刀䌀Ⰰ 䨀匀䌀Ⰰ 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀䌀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 䔀愀爀琀栀 戀愀猀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀猀 ⠀䔀䈀匀⤀ 愀渀搀 攀砀琀爀愀琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 戀愀猀攀猀⠀䔀吀䈀⤀⸀ 䔀愀挀栀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 栀愀猀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 洀攀琀⸀ 匀椀稀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 爀愀渀最攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 猀洀愀氀氀 ⠀㄀　　 氀 昀漀爀 䴀愀爀猀 挀漀渀猀甀洀愀戀氀攀猀⤀ 琀漀 瘀攀爀礀 氀愀爀最攀 ⠀㸀㌀㐀　　 洀㌀ 昀漀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀 戀愀猀攀搀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⤀⸀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 戀攀椀渀最 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀猀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 漀昀昀攀爀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀搀 猀愀昀攀琀礀Ⰰ 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 漀爀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 漀瘀攀爀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 猀琀愀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀爀琀Ⰰ 漀爀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 愀氀氀漀眀 一䄀匀䄀 琀漀 洀攀攀琀 最漀愀氀猀 琀栀攀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀⸀ 䔀愀爀琀栀 戀愀猀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 攀渀栀愀渀挀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 爀攀挀甀爀爀椀渀最 挀漀猀琀猀⸀ 䔀砀琀爀愀琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀砀椀洀椀稀攀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 愀渀搀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 洀愀猀猀 愀渀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀⸀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀挀甀猀 愀爀攀愀猀 愀爀攀 搀椀瘀椀搀攀搀 愀猀 昀漀氀氀漀眀猀㬀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 爀攀昀爀椀最攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀⸀ 䤀渀琀攀渀搀攀搀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 攀愀挀栀 昀漀挀甀猀 愀爀攀愀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀倀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀  Passive systems are required to minimize heat leak into cryogenic storage and distribution systems for the purpose of extending propellant storage life and decreasing transfer line losses. Proposed systems can include insulation as well as advanced materials and mechanical supports. Space applications should feature extremely low levels of heat leak to allow for long term storage of cryogens and minimization of refrigeration power. Earth based systems should focus more on a balance between simplicity and robust-ness vs efficiency to achieve a minimum operational cost. ਀ · Lightweight, low thermal conductivity cryogenic tank struts and support concepts (ETB) ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 琀愀渀欀 瀀攀渀攀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 椀⸀攀⸀Ⰰ 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀攀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀猀Ⰰ 昀攀攀搀ⴀ氀椀渀攀猀Ⰰ 瘀攀渀琀 氀椀渀攀猀 ⠀䔀吀䈀⤀  · Lightweight, insulating thermal protection schemes for use on Mars or the Moon (ETB) ਀뜀ऀ䔀渀攀爀最礀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀Ⰰ 挀漀猀琀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 漀瘀攀爀 搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀 甀瀀 琀漀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 洀椀氀攀猀 ⠀䔀䈀匀⤀  · Lightweight, cost effective, tough insulations for expendable launch vehicles. Should be capable of multiple thermal cycles but only one launch cycle. Should be operationally efficient, easy to apply and repair (EBS) ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 爀漀戀甀猀琀 椀渀猀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 爀攀甀猀愀戀氀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀⸀ 匀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ瀀氀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀⼀氀愀渀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 愀渀搀 愀洀戀椀攀渀琀⼀瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 挀礀挀氀攀猀 ⠀䔀䈀匀⤀  · High efficiency insulation for in place replacement of perlite in large ground storage tanks that eliminate the issues associated with performance degradation and settling over time (EBS)਀ Storage and Distribution Components਀䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 昀漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 猀栀甀琀ⴀ漀昀昀 愀渀搀 昀氀漀眀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 瘀愀氀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀甀洀瀀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀爀攀猀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 爀攀氀椀攀昀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 挀漀甀瀀氀椀渀最猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⸀ 琀栀愀琀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 愀渀搀 昀氀甀椀搀 氀漀猀猀 愀渀搀 洀愀砀椀洀椀稀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀⸀ 䔀愀爀琀栀 戀愀猀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 氀愀爀最攀爀 愀渀搀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀攀搀 昀漀爀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 洀愀渀礀 挀礀挀氀攀猀⸀ 䔀砀琀爀愀琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀攀搀 昀漀爀 氀漀眀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀漀渀最 氀椀昀攀 眀椀琀栀 氀攀猀猀 挀礀挀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀⼀渀漀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀⸀  ਀뜀ऀ一攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 瘀愀氀瘀攀猀 昀漀爀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 䰀伀堀Ⰰ 䰀䠀㈀ 愀渀搀 䰀䌀䠀㐀 琀栀愀琀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 氀漀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 搀爀漀瀀猀⸀ 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 猀栀甀琀 漀昀昀 愀渀搀 昀氀漀眀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 瘀愀氀瘀攀猀⸀ 嘀愀氀瘀攀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀搀愀瀀琀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 愀挀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 爀愀渀最攀 椀渀 猀椀稀攀 昀爀漀洀 봀 琀漀 㘀 椀渀挀栀攀猀 ⠀䔀䈀匀Ⰰ䔀吀䈀⤀  · New LOX pumping system capable of 75-115 liters per second to support current vehicle loading operations. Highly reliable, variable controlled, parallel pumping system is desired that minimizes the potential for leakage (EBS) ਀뜀ऀ匀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 漀砀礀最攀渀 瀀甀洀瀀猀 昀漀爀 昀氀漀眀爀愀琀攀猀 甀瀀 琀漀 ㈀ 氀椀琀攀爀猀 瀀攀爀 洀椀渀甀琀攀 ⠀䔀吀䈀⤀  · Leak proof, easy to use cryogenic couplings utilizing robust sealing technology. Must be compati-ble with LOX and LH2 (EBS,ETB) ਀뜀ऀ䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 甀洀戀椀氀椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 猀愀昀攀琀礀⸀ 匀洀愀爀琀 甀洀ⴀ戀椀氀椀挀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 最爀漀甀渀搀 琀漀 昀氀椀最栀琀 愀渀搀 昀氀椀最栀琀 琀漀 昀氀椀最栀琀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀 ⠀䔀䈀匀Ⰰ 䔀吀䈀⤀  · System control components designed specifically for unique handling issues associated with using densified propellants (EBS) ਀ Refrigeration Systems ਀䄀挀琀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 挀漀漀氀 最愀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 氀椀焀甀椀搀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 漀昀 氀椀焀甀攀昀愀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 稀攀爀漀 戀漀椀氀ⴀ漀昀昀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀渀猀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀猀⸀ 匀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀洀愀氀氀 猀挀愀氀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 挀爀礀漀挀漀漀漀氀攀爀猀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀攀搀 昀漀爀 氀漀渀最 氀椀昀攀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 洀愀猀猀 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀⸀ 䔀愀爀琀栀 戀愀猀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀渀最 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀椀琀栀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 眀栀椀氀攀 洀愀砀椀洀椀稀椀渀最 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀⸀  ਀뜀ऀ䌀爀礀漀挀漀漀氀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀椀琀栀 挀漀漀氀椀渀最 挀愀瀀愀挀椀琀礀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀　 圀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀　ⴀ㐀　䬀 爀愀渀最攀 ⠀䔀吀䈀⤀  · Small scale tank pressure control and/or integrated tank boil off control and liquefaction technolo-gies for liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen, supercritical air, and/or liquid methane (ETB) ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 栀攀愀琀 攀砀挀栀愀渀最攀爀猀 椀渀 氀愀爀最攀 猀挀愀氀攀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 昀漀爀 稀攀爀漀 戀漀椀氀 漀昀昀 愀渀搀 搀攀渀猀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀 愀渀搀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 漀砀礀最攀渀 ⠀䔀䈀匀⤀  · Advances in medium to large scale hydrogen or oxygen liquefaction systems to increase economic efficiency, reliability, or operability. Systems that are capable of providing refrigeration over a range production rates, such as turn down ratios of 10 to 1 with little to no loss in COP. (EBS) ਀ Advanced Instrumentation ਀䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀Ⰰ 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 昀氀漀眀 爀愀琀攀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 氀攀瘀攀氀 搀愀琀愀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀漀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 漀昀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀⸀  ਀뜀ऀ刀攀愀氀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 椀渀 氀椀渀攀 最愀猀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 洀攀琀攀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀氀椀洀椀渀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 琀愀欀攀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 琀漀 洀漀渀椀ⴀ琀漀爀 挀漀渀琀愀洀椀渀愀渀琀猀 椀渀 栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 瀀甀爀最攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䌀漀渀琀愀洀椀渀愀渀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 愀氀氀 挀漀渀搀攀渀猀愀戀氀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 愀琀 栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀 洀漀椀猀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀椀爀Ⰰ 渀椀琀爀漀最攀渀Ⰰ 漀砀礀最攀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀愀爀戀漀渀 搀椀漀砀椀搀攀 ⠀䔀䈀匀⤀  · Flowmeters and/or densitometers for measurement of densified, normal boiling point, or two phase cryogens at flowrates from 3 to 115 liters per second (EBS) ਀뜀ऀ一漀渀ⴀ椀渀琀爀甀猀椀瘀攀 最愀猀 愀渀搀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 昀氀漀眀爀愀琀攀⼀焀甀愀渀琀椀琀礀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 ⠀䔀䈀匀Ⰰ 䔀吀䈀⤀  · Advanced instrumentation for monitoring the health of systems components such as pumps and compressors, valves (timing and position), connections and umbilicals (EBS) ਀ Advanced Operational Concepts ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀氀氀 瀀栀愀猀攀猀 漀昀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 甀猀攀 昀爀漀洀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 氀椀焀甀攀昀愀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀Ⰰ 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀⸀  ਀뜀ऀ匀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 最愀猀攀漀甀猀 栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 栀攀氀椀甀洀 昀爀漀洀 眀愀猀琀攀 最愀猀 猀琀爀攀愀洀猀⸀ 圀愀猀琀攀 猀琀爀攀愀洀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀 猀洀愀氀氀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 洀漀椀猀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀椀爀Ⰰ 䜀一㈀Ⰰ 䜀䠀㈀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䜀䠀攀 ⠀䔀䈀匀⤀  · Development of purge gas processes that reduce the need for large quantities of gaseous helium (EBS) ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 氀漀猀猀攀猀 愀爀椀猀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 栀攀愀琀 氀攀愀欀 漀爀 挀栀椀氀氀 搀漀眀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 ⠀䔀䈀匀⤀  · Advanced cryogenic loading technologies that include system health monitoring, autonomous op-eration, energy efficiency, and economic optimization (EBS) ਀ F3.03 Spaceport/Range Instrumentation and Control Technologies ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䬀匀䌀 Participating Center(s): GSFC, JSC ਀ The goal of this subtopic is to develop instrumentation, systems and associated sensors required by Spaceports/Ranges to operate future generation space vehicles safely and efficiently. Technologies developed under this subtopic shall support the reduction of vehicle and payload cost per pound to orbit while increasing the safety of ground and flight operations by orders of magnitude. ਀ The vision of the future is that multiple vehicles will be operating simultaneously in various phases of processing, launch, and landing from multiple terrestrial and planetary Spaceports/Ranges. In order to realize this, it will be necessary to have systems that integrate a suite of ground and space based sensors and instrumentation that provide the total Spaceports/Ranges solution. These systems need to be distributed and capable of supporting multiple sites and operational phases without reconfiguration. This will require autonomous knowledge based expert systems that can be implemented at multiple sites and require minimal infrastructure and personnel to operate. ਀ This subtopic focuses on the development of sensors, instrumentation systems, meteorological and communications technologies that are uniquely suited to Earth and planetary spaceports for the launch, tracking, controlling, and landing of space vehicles. The specific focuses are on sensors, transducers, instrumentation and systems that will be applied to the following areas: ਀ Space Based Range ਀䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀Ⰰ 漀爀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀渀 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 漀爀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀㨀 洀攀琀爀椀挀 琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀爀攀愀 猀甀爀瘀攀椀氀氀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 愀椀搀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最⸀ 䔀愀挀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 漀渀攀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀㬀 䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀⰀ 栀礀瀀攀爀ⴀⰀ 愀渀搀 甀氀琀爀愀ⴀ猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀㬀 䴀甀氀琀椀ⴀ挀栀愀渀渀攀氀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀挀琀爀甀洀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 琀爀愀渀猀挀攀椀瘀攀爀猀 栀椀最栀 最愀椀渀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 瘀椀琀愀氀 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 搀愀琀愀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 琀漀 猀愀昀攀氀礀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 一愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䄀椀爀猀瀀愀挀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 昀漀爀 愀氀氀 瀀栀愀猀攀猀 漀昀 愀猀挀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 搀攀挀攀渀琀⸀  ਀匀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 刀攀猀挀甀攀 ⠀匀䄀刀⤀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  As a participating agency of the National Search and Rescue Plan and a member of the National Search and Rescue Committee (NSARC), NASA supports SAR technologies and application of aerospace technology for the search, rescue, survival, and recovery of victims of distress as a result of land, sea and air incidents. These incidents are predominantly accidental in nature. However, with the occurrence of 9/11, it is recognized that NASA may be called upon to provide technology for SAR in response to Homeland Defense. ਀ Distress Alerting: SAR communications, distress alerting will soon undergo a major improvement with the addition of the Distress Alerting Satellite System (DASS). The DASS system leverages on the use of the GPS satellite constellation by utilizing the system's slightly modified on-board repeaters. A Proof-of-Concept system is currently being developed for DASS. Once proven, DASS will evolve to greatly compliment the existing Cospas-Sarsat satellite system and will be compatible with existing 406 MHz beacons. Areas in which innovative research is particularly sought in communications for SAR distress alerting are:਀ ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀猀琀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 䐀䄀匀匀 愀渀搀 䌀漀猀瀀愀猀ⴀ匀愀爀猀愀琀  · Application of Smart Antenna Technology in the design of a DASS receive-only phased array antenna for the DASS ground station. A Smart Antenna system combines multiple antenna ele-ments with a signal-processing capability to optimize the reception pattern automatically in response to the signal environment. ਀뜀ऀ䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀椀渀最 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 䔀洀攀爀最攀渀挀礀 䰀漀挀愀琀漀爀 吀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀琀攀爀 ⠀䔀䰀吀⤀ 戀攀愀挀漀渀猀 戀礀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 愀 爀甀最最攀搀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 甀渀椀琀⼀愀渀琀攀渀渀愀  · Improving Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) antenna patterns. PLBs use a monopole with a very small ground plane (PLB case) and its pattern is dependent on height above the ground and nearby surfaces. Reflections may destructively interfere leaving nulls in some directions. A more robust or uniform antenna pattern could reduce the susceptibility of the pattern to reflections from nearby surfaces. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 䔀䰀吀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀琀礀 挀漀洀瀀愀琀椀戀氀攀 眀椀琀栀 瀀氀愀渀渀攀搀 䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀挀 䐀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 匀甀爀瘀攀椀氀氀愀渀挀攀 䈀爀漀愀搀挀愀猀琀 ⠀䄀䐀匀ⴀ䈀⤀⸀ 䄀䐀匀ⴀ䈀 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀椀氀氀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀 愀渀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀✀猀 椀搀攀渀琀椀琀礀Ⰰ 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀ⴀ琀攀渀琀 琀漀 漀琀栀攀爀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 琀漀 愀椀爀 琀爀愀昀昀椀挀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀⸀  ਀䰀漀眀 挀漀猀琀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 㐀　㘀 䴀䠀稀 搀椀猀琀爀攀猀猀 戀攀愀挀漀渀猀㨀 䤀琀 椀猀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 戀愀猀椀挀 㐀　㘀 䴀䠀稀 戀攀愀挀漀渀 瀀爀漀琀漀挀漀氀猀 眀栀椀氀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀椀渀最 挀漀洀瀀愀琀椀戀氀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 䌀漀猀瀀愀猀ⴀ匀愀爀猀愀琀 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀 甀琀椀氀椀稀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䐀䄀匀匀 甀渀搀攀爀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀甀琀 渀漀琀 戀攀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀椀渀最 氀椀渀欀 洀愀爀最椀渀猀  · Providing improved error correction (for example, by implementing new cyclic error correction such as Viterbi) ਀뜀ऀ倀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 洀漀爀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀 愀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 戀礀 匀䄀刀 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀椀攀猀  ਀刀攀洀漀琀攀 匀攀渀猀椀渀最 昀漀爀 匀䄀刀㨀 圀栀攀爀攀 戀攀愀挀漀渀猀 栀愀瘀攀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 昀愀椀氀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀挀椀搀攀渀琀 漀爀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀琀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀氀礀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀搀Ⰰ 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀 瀀漀爀琀愀戀氀攀 氀漀眀 挀漀猀琀 爀攀洀漀琀攀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 氀漀挀愀琀椀渀最 搀漀眀渀攀搀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ 瘀攀猀猀攀氀猀 椀渀 搀椀猀琀爀攀猀猀 漀爀 椀渀挀愀瀀愀挀椀琀愀琀攀搀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀Ⰰ 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 漀爀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀 琀漀 戀攀 搀椀猀挀爀椀洀椀渀愀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 椀琀猀 猀甀爀爀漀甀渀搀椀渀最猀⸀ 䌀甀爀爀攀渀琀 爀攀洀漀琀攀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 猀琀甀搀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 匀礀渀琀栀攀琀椀挀 䄀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 刀愀搀愀爀 昀漀爀 匀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 刀攀猀挀甀攀 ⠀匀䄀刀㈀⤀ 愀渀搀 䰀愀猀攀爀ⴀ匀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 刀攀猀挀甀攀 ⠀䰀ⴀ匀䄀刀⤀⸀  ਀吀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 琀愀爀最攀琀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀洀攀琀爀椀挀 匀䄀刀 愀琀 昀漀氀椀愀最攀 瀀攀渀攀琀爀愀琀椀渀最 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀猀㨀 倀漀氀愀爀椀洀攀琀爀椀挀 匀䄀刀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀猀 猀椀洀甀氀琀愀渀攀漀甀猀 栀漀爀椀稀漀渀琀愀氀 愀渀搀 瘀攀爀琀椀挀愀氀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 洀漀搀攀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 昀漀甀爀 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 挀栀愀渀渀攀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀氀礀 洀漀爀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀渀 愀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 搀攀琀攀挀琀攀搀 ⠀愀洀瀀氀椀琀甀搀攀⤀ 匀䄀刀 椀洀愀最攀⸀ 匀䄀刀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀琀 倀ⴀ䈀愀渀搀 漀爀 唀䠀䘀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀椀攀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 昀漀氀椀愀最攀 瀀攀渀攀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀挀琀 瀀氀愀渀攀 瀀愀爀琀猀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀 漀戀猀挀甀爀攀搀 戀礀 昀漀氀椀愀最攀⸀ 伀渀攀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 椀渀 挀爀愀猀栀 猀椀琀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀挀 琀愀爀最攀琀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀琀椀漀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 甀猀椀渀最 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 琀攀洀瀀氀愀琀攀猀 洀愀礀 渀漀琀 眀漀爀欀 猀椀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 挀爀愀猀栀 最攀漀洀攀琀爀礀 椀猀 甀渀欀渀漀眀渀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 琀栀甀猀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 琀漀 昀甀氀氀礀 攀砀瀀氀漀椀琀 琀栀攀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀洀攀琀爀椀挀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 琀漀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀 椀渀昀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 渀攀椀最栀戀漀爀椀渀最 爀攀琀甀爀渀猀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 椀琀 椀猀 愀 挀愀渀搀椀搀愀琀攀 挀爀愀猀栀 猀椀琀攀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀ⴀ最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀渀猀 昀漀爀 愀 瀀爀漀琀漀琀礀瀀攀 椀渀昀攀爀攀渀琀椀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 攀砀瀀氀漀椀琀椀渀最 瀀漀氀愀爀椀洀攀琀爀椀挀Ⰰ 昀漀氀椀愀最攀 瀀攀渀攀琀爀愀琀椀渀最 匀䄀刀 搀愀琀愀 昀漀爀 挀爀愀猀栀 猀椀琀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 愀 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 漀昀 伀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 椀琀猀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀⸀  ਀吀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀⼀瀀漀氀愀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 猀椀最渀愀琀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 琀愀爀最攀琀猀 甀猀椀渀最 䠀礀瀀攀爀猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀㨀 䄀猀 愀 洀攀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 一匀䄀刀䌀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䌀椀瘀椀氀 䄀椀爀 倀愀琀爀漀氀 栀愀猀 攀砀瀀爀攀猀猀攀搀 愀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 愀瀀瀀氀礀 䠀礀瀀攀爀猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 昀漀爀 匀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 刀攀猀挀甀攀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 琀漀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 䠀礀瀀攀爀猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 匀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 刀攀猀挀甀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 瀀氀愀渀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀攀猀 戀礀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 猀椀最渀愀琀甀爀攀 琀漀 挀愀琀攀最漀爀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 猀攀愀爀挀栀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀⸀  · Detect man-made materials in various backgrounds of the search environment.਀뜀ऀ䐀椀猀挀爀椀洀椀渀愀琀攀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 漀昀 匀䄀刀 琀愀爀最攀琀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀ⴀ攀爀琀椀攀猀⸀  · Detect or identify material smaller than a pixel size for establishing efficient search patterns. ਀  · Use hundreds of narrow spectral bands for identification of the SAR target. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀琀攀挀琀Ⰰ 最攀漀ⴀ氀漀挀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 匀䄀刀 昀漀爀挀攀猀 椀渀 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀⸀  ਀䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 䴀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 伀戀樀攀挀琀 伀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 吀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 愀渀搀 刀攀挀漀最渀椀琀椀漀渀 匀礀猀琀攀洀  Develop an automated optical multiple-object tracking and object recognition system to be used during the early stages (first 2 minutes) of a vehicle's ascent. Applying image processing techniques to a wide area view should reduce operational costs compared with radar-based tracking systems and provide more information during a catastrophic event. This system would provide critical position data in near real-time for recovery and analysis of objects of interest. Solutions provided from this capability would be utilized for analysis of nominal or catastrophic events that may occur during a launch operation. ਀ · Minimum object size: ~ 1 m2 ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀渀椀洀甀洀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀㨀 㔀　  · Position accuracy: 10 m ਀뜀ऀ䘀椀攀氀搀 漀昀 瘀椀攀眀㨀 ㄀　 欀洀㈀ 愀琀 㜀　 欀洀  ਀䐀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 匀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䴀漀搀攀氀猀  New and innovative methods are needed to ensure safe and cost effective real-time decision models that safely reduce conservatism and provide the necessary fidelity. Improvements in real-time computational capability and software development can significantly improve assessments. Specific technologies needed. ਀ Range Dispersion Monitoring Instrumentation: Develop ground-based and airborne time-resolved, real-time instruments to measure atmospheric chemical species associated with spaceport propellants and combustion products. Deployable instruments, both physical sampling and remote sensing, shall be capable of being networked to provide real-time data to a central processor for formatting and ingestion into a spaceport decision model. Sensors will be capable of identifying specific chemical species including hydrogen chloride, nitrogen dioxide, hydrazine (anhydrous, monomethyl, and unsymmetrical dimethyl), hydrocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and particulate matter. ਀ Decision Model On-Screen Editor: Develop methodology to enable on-screen editing of graphical outputs, such as meteorological parameters utilized in spaceport decision models. Shapes, slopes, and uncertainty bandwidths of curves should be automatically digitized based on operator on-screen inputs. This editing capability must allow the user to make changes to the forecasted toxic corridor in near real time. Methodol-ogy must execute with sufficient speed to accommodate user inputs, decision model reevaluations, and input refinements to assess decisions, consequences, and uncertainties. ਀ Measurement of Chemical Species in Hypergolic Propellant Systems ਀倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 洀愀渀渀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 甀猀攀 栀椀最栀氀礀 爀攀愀挀琀椀瘀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀猀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 眀栀漀猀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 挀愀渀 戀攀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀氀礀 攀昀昀攀挀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 椀洀瀀甀爀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 漀昀琀攀渀 愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀琀ⴀ瀀攀爀ⴀ洀椀氀氀椀漀渀 氀攀瘀攀氀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 爀攀愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 漀昀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 猀甀瀀瀀氀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀漀猀甀爀攀 琀漀 愀椀爀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 愀挀挀椀搀攀渀琀愀氀氀礀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 椀洀瀀甀爀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 䔀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 昀爀漀洀 椀洀瀀甀爀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀栀攀 昀氀漀眀 搀攀挀愀礀 漀昀 渀椀琀爀漀最攀渀 琀攀琀爀漀砀椀搀攀 挀愀甀猀攀搀 戀礀 椀爀漀渀 渀椀琀爀愀琀攀 愀搀搀甀挀琀 昀漀爀洀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 愀琀琀愀挀欀 漀渀 猀琀愀椀渀氀攀猀猀 猀琀攀攀氀 戀礀 渀椀琀爀漀最攀渀 琀攀琀爀漀砀椀搀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀椀氀瘀攀爀 猀漀氀搀攀爀 漀渀 琀栀攀 匀栀甀琀琀氀攀 琀愀渀欀 猀挀爀攀攀渀猀 挀愀甀猀攀搀 戀礀 挀漀渀琀愀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀漀渀漀洀攀琀栀礀氀栀礀搀爀愀稀椀渀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀 猀甀瀀瀀氀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀  ਀吀漀 搀攀琀攀挀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 挀漀渀琀愀洀椀渀愀渀琀猀 漀爀 椀洀瀀甀爀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀 栀椀最栀氀礀 爀攀愀挀琀椀瘀攀 攀渀瘀椀ⴀ爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 栀礀搀爀愀稀椀渀攀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 渀椀琀爀漀最攀渀 琀攀琀爀漀砀椀搀攀 眀栀椀氀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 愀挀挀甀爀愀琀攀Ⰰ 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 挀漀渀琀愀洀椀渀愀渀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀搀 漀渀 最爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 猀甀瀀瀀氀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 椀渀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀猀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀猀 眀栀攀渀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀 欀渀漀眀渀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 漀昀 挀漀渀琀愀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀  Specific contaminates of interest include, but are not limited to, those listed below: ਀ · Halides, dissolved metals, carbon dioxide or carbazic acid, decomposition products, and oxidation products for the propellant hydrazines (hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical-dimethylhydrazine, and Aerozine-50). ਀뜀ऀ䠀愀氀椀搀攀猀Ⰰ 搀椀猀猀漀氀瘀攀搀 洀攀琀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀愀琀攀爀 昀漀爀 渀椀琀爀漀最攀渀 琀攀琀爀漀砀椀搀攀⸀  ਀䘀㌀⸀　㐀 䔀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 倀栀礀猀椀挀猀 䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 匀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  Lead Center: KSC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䨀匀䌀  ਀匀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀椀渀最 琀漀砀椀挀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀氀漀猀椀瘀攀 瘀愀瀀漀爀猀Ⰰ 氀椀焀甀椀搀 愀渀搀 猀漀氀椀搀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀栀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀Ⰰ 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀 攀砀琀爀愀ⴀ琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 栀愀瘀攀 挀爀攀愀琀攀搀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀猀 昀漀爀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 漀昀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀 椀渀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀 眀椀琀栀 攀愀挀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀猀椀瀀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀猀琀愀琀椀挀 挀栀愀爀最攀 搀甀攀 琀漀 琀栀椀猀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀 挀爀甀挀椀愀氀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀挀攀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 氀愀甀渀挀栀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀愀昀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 氀愀甀渀挀栀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 䔀愀爀琀栀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 昀爀漀洀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀⸀  ਀匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 ㈀　　㌀ 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀Ⰰ 琀栀漀猀攀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 戀攀氀漀眀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀猀琀椀琀甀攀渀琀 戀礀ⴀ瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 最愀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀爀漀渀愀 搀椀猀挀栀愀爀最攀猀⸀ 䠀椀最栀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀猀琀愀琀椀挀 昀椀攀氀搀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀栀漀猀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 戀礀 氀椀最栀琀渀椀渀最 愀爀攀 欀渀漀眀渀 琀漀 搀椀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀 最愀猀攀猀Ⰰ 挀爀攀愀琀攀 椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 昀爀攀攀 爀愀搀椀挀愀氀猀Ⰰ 漀稀漀渀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 漀砀椀搀椀稀椀渀最 猀瀀攀挀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 戀爀攀愀欀 搀漀眀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 瀀漀爀琀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀攀氀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 漀渀氀礀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀猀琀椀琀甀攀渀琀猀 戀甀琀 愀氀猀漀 焀甀愀渀琀椀昀礀 琀栀攀洀⸀ 匀洀愀氀氀 瀀漀爀琀愀戀氀攀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 猀漀椀氀猀 愀渀搀 氀椀焀甀椀搀猀 愀爀攀 栀椀最栀氀礀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀⸀  · Develop instrumentation or techniques to monitor electrostatic fields remotely. Instruments should operate in closed environments at distances ranging from a few centimeters to several meters and work at relative humidities ranging from 5% to 70%. Similar instruments that operate in the field, at larger distances, in the meter to kilometer range, to detect electrostatic build-up in the atmos-phere that could lead to lightning are also desired. Instruments could, for example, use spectroscopic techniques to detect ionic concentration as a signature for the existence of electric fields. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 琀爀椀戀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 挀栀愀爀最攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 搀攀挀愀礀 琀攀猀琀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 渀攀眀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 挀氀漀琀栀椀渀最 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 琀漀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ 栀愀稀愀爀搀漀甀猀 最爀漀甀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀砀琀爀愀ⴀ琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 倀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀漀洀ⴀ瀀愀爀攀搀 琀漀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 搀愀琀愀 愀氀爀攀愀搀礀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䬀攀渀渀攀搀礀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 甀猀椀渀最 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 猀洀愀氀氀 椀渀 猀椀稀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀甀椀琀ⴀ愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 愀 瘀愀挀甀甀洀 眀椀琀栀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 爀愀渀最攀猀 昀爀漀洀 ጀㄠ㘀　漀 䌀 ⠀ጀ†㈀㔀　漀 䘀⤀ 琀漀 ㈀　　漀 䌀 ⠀㐀　　漀 䘀⤀Ⰰ 椀渀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 最愀猀攀漀甀猀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀　　 洀椀氀氀椀琀漀爀爀 琀漀 㔀　　　 琀漀爀爀 愀渀搀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀ⴀ琀甀爀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 ጀㄠ㘀　漀 䌀 ⠀ጀ†㈀㔀　漀 䘀⤀ 琀漀 ㈀　　漀 䌀 ⠀㐀　　漀 䘀⤀ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 ጀ†㜀㔀漀 䌀 ⠀ጀㄠ　　漀 䘀⤀ 琀漀 㘀㔀漀 䌀 ⠀㄀㔀　漀 䘀⤀ 愀渀搀 栀甀洀椀搀椀琀礀 昀爀漀洀 　⸀㔀─ 琀漀 ㄀　　─⸀  · Develop miniature sensors for detecting and measuring the electrostatic potential and charge dis-tribution generated on payloads, spacecraft, and landers. Develop software for modeling the electric potentials of payloads, spacecraft, and landers based on previous flight experiment data and models. ਀ F3.05 Wireless Power Transmission ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀吀栀椀猀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 栀愀猀 琀眀漀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 最漀愀氀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 椀猀 琀漀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀漀氀愀爀 倀漀眀攀爀 ⠀匀匀倀⤀ 圀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀 倀漀眀攀爀 吀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 ⠀圀倀吀⤀ 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀渀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 猀琀攀瀀瀀椀渀最 猀琀漀渀攀 琀漀 一䄀匀䄀 昀漀爀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 瀀漀眀攀爀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 猀椀琀攀猀Ⰰ 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 最爀漀甀渀搀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 最爀漀甀渀搀 愀渀搀 愀椀爀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀⸀ 圀倀吀 挀愀渀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀 氀愀猀攀爀猀 漀爀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 愀氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀⸀ 䴀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 愀渀搀 氀愀猀攀爀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 猀琀甀搀椀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 瀀爀漀洀椀猀椀渀最 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀漀 猀愀昀攀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 圀倀吀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 栀愀瘀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 瀀栀愀猀攀搀 愀爀爀愀礀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀 氀椀最栀琀 氀愀猀攀爀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀⸀ 圀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 爀漀愀搀洀愀瀀 漀昀 匀匀倀 圀倀吀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 ∀瀀爀漀漀昀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀∀ 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 圀倀吀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 戀漀琀栀 琀栀攀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ琀攀爀洀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 昀愀爀ⴀ琀攀爀洀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀洀攀渀琀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 栀愀爀瘀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ琀攀爀洀 戀攀愀洀 猀愀昀攀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 圀倀吀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 猀甀挀栀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 愀猀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 昀漀爀 眀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀漀眀攀爀⸀ 刀攀挀攀椀瘀椀渀最 猀椀琀攀猀 ⠀甀猀攀爀猀⤀ 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 猀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 漀爀戀椀琀愀氀 猀椀琀攀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 昀漀爀 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀㬀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 猀椀琀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀⸀  ਀吀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 椀猀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀渀 愀渀礀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 愀氀氀 愀猀瀀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 甀猀椀渀最 氀愀猀攀爀猀 琀漀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀 漀爀戀椀琀愀氀 搀攀戀爀椀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀ⴀ㄀　 挀洀 猀椀稀攀 爀攀最椀洀攀 琀漀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 挀漀猀琀猀 眀栀椀氀攀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀ 吀爀愀瘀攀氀椀渀最 愀琀 栀礀瀀攀爀瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀礀ᤀ猠Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 攀砀椀猀琀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 ㄀㔀　Ⰰ　　　 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀 琀栀椀猀 猀椀稀攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 渀漀渀甀渀椀昀漀爀洀氀礀 漀瘀攀爀 愀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 愀氀琀椀琀甀搀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 㐀　　 欀洀 琀漀 ㄀㔀　　 欀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 愀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 栀愀稀愀爀搀 昀漀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀昀氀椀最栀琀⸀ 䄀 氀愀猀攀爀 瀀甀氀猀攀 漀昀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 椀渀琀攀渀猀椀琀礀 猀琀爀椀欀椀渀最 愀渀 漀戀樀攀挀琀 愀戀氀愀琀攀猀 愀 琀栀椀渀 氀愀礀攀爀 漀昀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 昀爀漀洀 椀琀猀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 椀渀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 昀椀渀椀琀攀 漀爀戀椀琀 挀栀愀渀最攀⸀ 䴀愀渀礀 瀀甀氀猀攀猀 瀀攀爀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 昀漀爀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 洀椀渀甀琀攀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 瀀漀椀渀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀ᤀ猠 漀爀戀椀琀 氀漀眀攀爀猀 瀀攀爀椀最攀攀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀氀礀 昀漀爀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 漀戀樀攀挀琀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 欀攀礀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 氀愀猀攀爀 戀攀愀洀 搀椀爀攀挀琀漀爀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀㬀 琀栀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 琀栀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀 眀栀椀氀攀 漀渀 漀爀戀椀琀㬀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 氀愀猀攀爀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 洀愀礀 戀攀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 漀渀 琀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀 漀爀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 倀爀漀樀攀挀琀 伀爀椀漀渀 猀琀甀搀礀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 氀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 昀攀愀猀椀戀氀攀 氀愀猀攀爀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 挀漀猀琀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀氀礀 爀攀洀漀瘀椀渀最 ㄀ⴀ㄀　 挀洀 搀攀戀爀椀猀 甀瀀 琀漀 ㄀㔀　　 欀洀⸀ 䌀爀甀挀椀愀氀 琀漀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 椀猀 愀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 昀漀爀 猀礀渀攀爀最椀猀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 甀猀椀渀最 搀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀ 䔀洀攀爀最椀渀最 渀攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 戀漀琀栀 椀渀 氀愀猀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀爀攀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 昀椀渀搀椀渀最猀⸀ 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 琀栀攀 戀漀愀爀搀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 愀爀攀愀 愀渀搀 洀愀礀 琀愀欀攀 愀渀礀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀㨀 琀栀攀漀爀攀琀椀挀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀Ⰰ 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀ᤀ猠 搀攀猀椀最渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  ਀吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 䔀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀  · Transmitting elements, both microwave and laser ਀뜀ऀ吀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀  · Relay stations, if any ਀뜀ऀ刀攀挀攀椀瘀椀渀最 猀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀  · Distribution systems ਀뜀ऀ吀栀攀爀洀愀氀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀  · Interference ਀뜀ऀ䰀攀最愀氀 椀猀猀甀攀猀  · Land use ਀뜀ऀ倀甀戀氀椀挀 瀀攀爀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀  · Economics ਀뜀ऀ倀漀眀攀爀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀  · Safety ਀뜀ऀ刀漀戀漀琀椀挀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 漀昀 漀渀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 · Laser design ਀뜀ऀ䰀愀猀攀爀 戀攀愀洀 搀椀爀攀挀琀漀爀  · Laser pointing and tracking ਀뜀ऀ䰀愀猀攀爀 愀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀  · Radar design ਀뜀ऀ刀愀搀愀爀 琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 猀洀愀氀氀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀 椀渀 䰀䔀伀  · Coupling coefficient of orbital debris materials ਀뜀ऀ䰀愀猀攀爀 爀愀搀愀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀  · Laser radar tracking small objects in LEO ਀뜀ऀ匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 ਀伀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 · Develop advanced laser and/or microwave power transmission concepts ਀뜀ऀ䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 猀洀愀氀氀ⴀ猀挀愀氀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 戀漀琀栀 氀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 戀愀猀攀搀  · Identify research and technology activities, concentrating on "tall poles" and promising concepts ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 搀椀猀挀爀椀洀椀渀愀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀栀漀漀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 瀀爀漀洀椀猀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 洀攀琀栀漀搀ⴀ漀氀漀最椀攀猀  ਀吀愀猀欀猀  · Develop advanced candidate wireless power transmission and laser orbital debris removal con-cepts and systems designs ਀뜀ऀ倀攀爀昀漀爀洀 琀爀愀搀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 瀀爀漀洀椀猀椀渀最 戀礀 洀攀愀渀猀 漀昀 愀 焀甀愀渀琀椀ⴀ琀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀  · Identify required and beneficial technology demonstrations, and recommend solutions ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀搀甀挀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 眀漀爀欀  ਀䘀㌀⸀　㘀 倀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 䐀攀瀀漀琀猀 愀渀搀 䤀渀ⴀ匀瀀愀挀攀 䌀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 䘀氀甀椀搀猀Ⰰ 䠀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 匀琀漀爀愀最攀  Lead Center: MSFC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䜀刀䌀Ⰰ 䨀匀䌀 ਀吀栀攀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 椀猀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 戀甀椀氀搀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 愀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 搀攀瀀漀琀 渀攀愀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀 椀渀 搀攀攀瀀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 䤀渀ⴀ匀瀀愀挀攀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 漀爀 最攀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 搀攀瀀漀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀猀 焀甀椀琀攀 甀渀椀焀甀攀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 猀琀甀搀椀攀搀 椀渀 搀攀琀愀椀氀 戀甀琀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 愀挀挀漀洀瀀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 氀漀眀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 挀漀洀攀 椀渀琀漀 瀀氀愀礀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 搀攀瀀漀琀 眀椀氀氀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀昀昀漀爀搀愀戀氀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀椀洀椀氀愀爀 挀漀渀猀甀洀愀戀氀攀猀 愀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 䄀渀 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 搀攀瀀漀琀 渀漀琀 漀渀氀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 欀攀礀 愀爀攀愀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 漀爀 最攀氀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 愀渀搀 昀氀甀椀搀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 戀甀琀 椀渀 漀琀栀攀爀 愀爀攀愀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀氀礀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 愀 戀爀漀愀搀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 搀攀瀀漀琀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 漀爀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 琀漀 愀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀 搀攀猀椀最渀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 琀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 漀爀戀椀琀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀琀愀琀椀漀渀 氀椀昀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀⸀ 䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 氀漀渀最 琀攀爀洀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 ⠀㸀㌀　 搀愀礀猀⤀Ⰰ 漀渀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀 昀氀甀椀搀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 愀渀搀 猀甀瀀瀀氀礀 愀渀搀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 漀爀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀ⴀ愀氀猀 愀爀攀 戀攀椀渀最 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 猀愀昀攀琀礀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 昀氀甀椀搀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 愀渀搀 栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 椀渀 愀 氀漀眀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 ⠀㄀　ⴀ㘀 最 琀漀 ㄀　ⴀ㈀ 最⤀ 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䔀氀攀挀琀爀漀氀礀猀椀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀攀猀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 眀愀琀攀爀 漀爀 椀挀攀 椀渀 愀 氀漀眀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 椀渀挀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀攀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀渀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 猀愀昀攀 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀氀礀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀⸀  · Water storage and transfer interface such as a bladder positive-expulsion system or other innova-tive techniques. ਀뜀ऀ刀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 猀愀昀攀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 昀漀爀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀猀 漀昀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 稀攀爀漀 戀漀椀氀ⴀ漀昀昀 猀礀猀ⴀ琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 椀渀猀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 瘀愀瀀漀爀 挀漀漀氀攀搀 猀栀椀攀氀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 甀琀椀氀椀稀椀渀最 琀栀攀 戀漀椀氀ⴀ漀昀昀 昀漀爀 搀爀愀最 洀愀欀攀ⴀ甀瀀 愀渀搀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀愀渀欀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀⸀  · Automated assembly, operations and maintenance. This includes cryogenic connects, disconnects and couplings; robotic assembly and repair; docking of large components; health monitoring and smart systems. ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 椀渀昀氀愀琀愀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 搀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀猀⸀  · Suitability of propellant gelation to enhance propellant depot operations. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀挀爀漀洀攀琀攀漀爀漀椀搀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 搀攀戀爀椀猀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 猀挀栀攀洀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀搀ⴀ瘀愀渀挀攀搀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 猀攀氀昀 栀攀愀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀愀渀欀愀最攀 愀渀搀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 愀瘀漀椀搀愀渀挀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀  · Associated propellant tank-set technologies including fluid slosh and orientation in low gravity environments, tank support structure dynamic interaction in orbit, support struts thermal perform-ance, integrated insulation, instrumentation and plumbing penetrations and coating degradation. ਀뜀ऀ匀挀栀攀洀攀猀 昀漀爀 眀愀爀洀 琀愀渀欀 挀栀椀氀氀搀漀眀渀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 猀瀀爀愀礀 渀漀稀稀氀攀 挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 氀椀焀甀椀搀 昀氀漀眀 爀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 搀甀ⴀ爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 最愀猀 瘀攀渀琀椀渀最 猀琀攀瀀猀 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 椀渀 愀 氀漀眀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀⸀  · Stratification/hot spot management including mixing needs, mixing strategies and performance determination in low gravity environments. ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 氀椀昀攀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 欀攀礀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀栀攀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 瀀甀洀瀀猀Ⰰ 挀漀渀搀攀渀猀攀爀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 氀椀焀甀椀搀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀Ⰰ 爀攀昀爀椀最攀爀愀琀漀爀 愀渀搀 洀愀猀猀 最愀甀最椀渀最 椀渀ⴀ猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Low heat leak valves and lines that are highly reliable with long life. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀渀攀挀琀猀⼀搀椀猀挀漀渀渀攀挀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 猀洀愀氀氀 漀爀 渀漀 昀氀甀椀搀 愀渀搀 栀攀愀琀 氀攀愀欀愀最攀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀猀⼀搀椀猀挀漀渀渀攀挀琀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 愀氀猀漀 栀愀瘀攀 猀洀愀氀氀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 搀爀漀瀀猀Ⰰ 猀洀愀氀氀 昀漀爀挀攀 愀渀搀 愀氀椀最渀洀攀渀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 氀漀渀最 氀椀昀攀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀最栀 爀攀ⴀ氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀  · Procedure for the capability for a no-vent fill with consideration given to micro-g condensation and fluid mixing. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 瘀愀瀀漀爀 昀爀攀攀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 氀椀焀甀椀搀猀 漀爀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 昀爀攀攀 瘀攀渀琀椀渀最 椀渀 愀 洀椀挀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀⸀  · Cryocooler systems with cooling capacity greater than 10 W in the 10-40K range. ਀뜀ऀ匀洀愀氀氀 愀渀搀 洀攀搀椀甀洀 猀挀愀氀攀 琀愀渀欀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 琀愀渀欀 戀漀椀氀 漀昀昀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 氀漀渀最 琀攀爀洀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 漀昀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀  · Instrumentation for monitoring cryogens in low gravity including mass gauging, liquid-vapor sensing, and free surface imaging. ਀ Several options are available to test the technology needed for propellant depots. Technologies can be tested in the laboratory, on Expendable Launch Vehicles, the Space Shuttle, the ISS, a Small Scale Depot, or a Full Scale Depot. Laboratory testing can use sub- or full-scale tank sets for tests carried out on components, subsystems, and integrated systems on the ground. Identified improvements can be incorpo-rated into subsequent tank sets, which may be used on the ground or in orbital tests. In some cases, a "proto-flight" approach may be used, where the original ground-test tank set can potentially be modified for subsequent testing on-orbit. For example, test requirements may be addressed by building a subscale experiment, which simulates the hydrogen fluid systems of the storage facility, evaluating their perform-ance in a vacuum chamber, and then demonstrating micro-g fluid transfer by performing an orbital experiment. ਀ F3.07 Spaceport Command, Control and Monitor Technologies ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䬀匀䌀 Participating Center(s): MSFC ਀ Spaceport Command, Control and Monitor Systems need to be able to support both the evolving role of spaceports and ranges, as well as the eventual requirements of next generation spacecraft. Some of the technology areas are required to support the concept that spaceport processing systems may not be located on the surface of the Earth, but may reside on an orbiting space station or on the surface of the Moon or Mars. To that end, traditional Command and Control Systems that are developed for a specific vehicle will have to evolve into systems that are adaptable and can communicate with multiple potential vehicles and at multiple spaceports. The following topics require work: ਀ Sensors / Connection / Data Acquisition / Communication਀䌀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 䠀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 ⼀ 䄀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀 Advanced Software / Interfaces ਀䔀渀搀 䤀琀攀洀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 ⼀ 䠀攀愀氀琀栀 䴀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 ⼀ 匀琀愀琀攀 䐀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 ⼀ 匀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 ਀匀攀渀猀漀爀 ⼀ 䌀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 ⼀ 䐀愀琀愀 䄀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀 ⼀ 䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 Traditionally, sensor systems have been less reliable than the systems that they monitor. In addition, intrusive sensing adds additional failure modes. NASA is seeking improvements in sensor technology, specifically aimed at non-intrusive sensing techniques. In addition, new technology that replaces mechani-cal sensors is desired. Technology that supports smart sensors, including sensors that perform qualification, integrity checking, self identification and may know their history such that they know when they are operating in a degraded mode, is needed to support health management. ਀ Wiring and interconnects continue to be a maintenance problem as spacecraft and spaceports age. In addition, wiring weight, and cost continue to be a hindrance to Integrated Health Management. Develop-ment on Wireless, or self-healing wired technology that supports health monitoring is desired. ਀ Another area of interest is in Automated inspection. Technology areas from new or multiple sensing capabilities to the automated and autonomous control system that would allow non-intrusive inspections are of interest. ਀ Computing Hardware / Architecture ਀䤀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 挀栀攀挀欀漀甀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 漀挀挀甀爀 戀漀琀栀 愀琀 愀 最爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 愀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 渀漀渀ⴀ琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀⸀ 吀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀椀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 愀琀 愀渀礀 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 氀攀愀搀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀渀搀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀ⴀ琀甀爀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 洀漀戀椀氀攀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 愀琀 愀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 氀攀瘀攀氀 漀昀 愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 愀渀搀 渀漀渀ⴀ琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 栀椀搀搀攀渀⸀  ਀䔀砀瀀氀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀 昀漀爀 洀漀戀椀氀攀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀琀攀 攀砀攀挀甀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 漀昀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 ⼀ 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀䔀砀瀀氀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 戀攀猀琀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀 ⼀ 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀攀攀琀猀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 挀爀椀琀攀爀椀愀 昀漀爀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 愀氀氀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 瀀栀愀猀攀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 洀甀猀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 甀洀戀椀氀椀挀愀氀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀ⴀ洀愀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 椀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 氀椀最栀琀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀⸀  ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 匀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 ⼀ 䤀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀  In the spaceport concept of mobile software between spacecraft and spaceport, software concepts and techniques must be developed and refined to support mobile heterogeneous systems in a critical role. ਀ Evaluate the use of Java or other languages that support mobile software between heterogeneous systems that could be used for both a terrestrial and space based spaceport processing system. On a real-time spaceport processing system, consider that the system must be stable, responsive and support remote operation. ਀ Development of a set of standards that allow mobile software in a heterogeneous system to execute on a platform independent basis, move between systems and query the host system or set of systems for the services and capabilities available is desired to support future spaceport processing systems.਀ Investigate Loss-Less Telemetry compression and improved security algorithms for spacecraft to spaceport communication that maximizes measurement throughput over existing bandwidth capabilities. ਀ End Item Control / Health Monitoring / State Determination ਀䔀渀搀 䤀琀攀洀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 栀愀猀 愀氀眀愀礀猀 戀攀攀渀 戀礀 椀琀猀 渀愀琀甀爀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 琀漀 攀愀挀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 琀漀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 愀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀琀 愀 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 椀渀 猀挀漀瀀攀 愀渀搀 洀愀搀攀 最攀渀攀爀椀挀 猀甀挀栀 琀栀愀琀 漀渀攀 猀攀琀 漀昀 䔀渀搀 䤀琀攀洀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀渀礀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀猀⸀  ਀䔀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 戀攀猀琀 愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 猀攀琀 漀昀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀椀渀最 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  ਀䔀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀 愀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀搀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 愀 爀攀愀搀愀戀氀攀 爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 戀礀 渀漀渀ⴀ挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀椀漀渀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 愀搀攀焀甀愀琀攀氀礀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀猀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀洀椀渀最 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀猀 猀甀挀栀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 ⠀戀漀琀栀 瀀爀漀挀攀搀甀爀愀氀 愀渀搀 爀攀愀挀琀椀瘀攀⤀ 挀愀渀 戀攀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀⸀  ਀䔀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀攀猀琀 愀渀搀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀攀猀琀 挀漀瘀攀爀愀最攀 漀昀 氀漀最椀挀 瀀愀琀栀猀⸀ 吀攀猀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 椀猀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀⸀  ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀搀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀瀀漀爀琀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 攀瘀漀氀瘀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 戀攀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀搀 椀渀 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 猀椀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀眀愀爀攀渀攀猀猀⸀  ਀䘀㌀⸀　㠀 匀漀氀愀爀 倀漀眀攀爀 䜀攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 倀漀眀攀爀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀  Lead Center: GRC ਀ NASA is interested in the development of highly advanced solar power generation and power management systems, sub-systems and components for use in spacecraft of power levels ranging from 10kW -1MW. This opportunity has the intent to explore options for, and the viability of, highly innovative new concepts and technologies that might dramatically increase performance, improve environmental robustness and lower the cost of critical technologies/systems. Proposals should focus on incorporation of modular and scalable techniques which allow the use of technologies across a wide range of power levels.਀ Solar Power Generation ਀倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 昀漀爀 瀀栀漀琀漀瘀漀氀琀愀椀挀 挀攀氀氀猀 愀渀搀 愀爀爀愀礀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀漀氀愀爀 挀攀氀氀猀Ⰰ 猀漀氀愀爀 愀爀爀愀礀 戀氀愀渀欀攀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 愀爀爀愀礀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀⸀  ਀䌀攀氀氀 愀渀搀 戀氀愀渀欀攀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 猀栀愀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 挀漀猀琀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 挀漀洀瀀愀爀攀搀 琀漀 猀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ愀爀琀 猀瀀愀挀攀 焀甀愀氀椀昀椀攀搀 愀爀爀愀礀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 猀椀稀攀猀⸀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 䴀圀攀 漀甀琀瀀甀琀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 愀琀 挀漀猀琀猀 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀 瘀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 氀愀爀最攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀⸀ 䘀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀渀 昀椀氀洀 猀漀氀愀爀 愀爀爀愀礀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀攀⸀ 伀琀栀攀爀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 栀椀最栀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀漀爀 挀攀氀氀 愀渀搀 愀爀爀愀礀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀Ⰰ 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ戀愀渀搀最愀瀀 挀攀氀氀猀Ⰰ 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀漀爀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 ⠀眀椀琀栀 甀瀀 琀漀 ㄀　　砀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀⤀Ⰰ 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 眀攀氀氀 愀渀搀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 搀漀琀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 最愀瀀 猀挀栀攀洀攀猀⸀  ਀䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 愀琀 琀栀攀 ㄀　 ⴀ ㄀　　欀圀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 眀栀椀挀栀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀椀渀 ㄀　 礀攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 挀漀甀氀搀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀漀琀愀氀 愀爀爀愀礀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 瀀漀眀攀爀 琀漀 攀砀挀攀攀搀 ㌀　　圀⼀欀最 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 䰀䔀伀Ⰰ 䜀䔀伀 愀渀搀 戀攀礀漀渀搀⸀ 䄀爀爀愀礀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ栀甀渀搀爀攀搀 欀椀氀漀眀愀琀琀 琀漀 䴀圀攀 漀甀琀瀀甀琀 氀攀瘀攀氀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 琀漀琀愀氀 愀爀爀愀礀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 瀀漀眀攀爀猀 漀昀 㔀　　 圀⼀欀最 漀爀 洀漀爀攀⸀  ਀䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 猀漀氀愀爀 愀爀爀愀礀猀 愀爀攀 愀戀猀漀氀甀琀攀氀礀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 昀漀爀 氀愀爀最攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀⸀ 䴀漀猀琀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀氀猀漀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 栀椀最栀 瘀漀氀琀愀最攀猀 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀㬀 栀椀最栀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 瘀漀氀琀愀最攀 愀爀爀愀礀猀 椀渀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀猀 愀爀攀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀 琀漀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀漀甀猀 愀爀挀椀渀最Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀 搀攀猀琀爀漀礀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 猀甀戀猀琀爀愀琀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀Ⰰ 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 氀攀愀搀猀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀爀爀愀礀 瘀漀氀琀愀最攀 氀攀瘀攀氀 漀昀 ㄀　　　 瘀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 爀攀猀椀猀琀愀渀琀 琀漀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 搀愀洀愀最攀 愀渀搀 愀爀挀椀渀最 瘀漀氀琀愀最攀猀 甀瀀 琀漀 ㄀　 欀嘀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀猀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 瘀攀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 最爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 瀀氀愀猀洀愀 挀栀愀洀戀攀爀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀猀  ਀倀漀眀攀爀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀  NASA is interested in scalable, modular components and systems for distributing up to megawatt levels of electric power in satellite systems. Preliminary studies have identified the following key technology areas for studies and demonstrations: ਀ NASA is interested in high-voltage DC-to-DC converters, initially investigating designs for accommodat-ing at least 1000 volt distribution with a clear evolution path for growing to 10k-volt systems. Proposed designs should consider a modular switch and transformer combination that allows for multiple increments of input voltage and current as well as multiple increments of output voltage and current. ਀ To reduce the weight of heat rejection systems, studies have indicated that 300°C converter chassis temperatures are required. NASA is seeking proposals in high-temperature, power semiconductors for use in high-voltage DC-DC converters. Proposal topics include, but are not limited to defect-free epitaxy, dynamic characterization, space radiation hardness, device packaging to sustain simultaneous high voltages and temperatures, life prediction and thermal management. ਀ Intelligent power controls, fault and health management through autonomous control will be necessary for future large space power systems. Concepts and demonstrations of such components and systems are requested to enable development of intelligent controls which will sense/detect faults, shut down affected regions and re-route power to maintain operations. Self-healing concepts are sought which allow the system and components to maintain high reliability. Detection and reporting of failures due to the environment (micrometeoroids) or component breakdown will have to be a part of the system. Materials that can recognize failures and initiate self-correction are of interest. ਀ Concepts for cabling, switches, distribution units and current-limiting switches housed in distribution units with the capability of handling systems of up to 100k volts are required for achieving efficient power management in large spacecraft. Proposals should focus on development of revolutionary approaches to reduce overall system mass by incorporating scalable and modular techniques. ਀ F3.09 Power Technologies for Human Missions ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀刀䌀 Participating Center(s): JSC, MSFC ਀ Advanced concepts are required for current and future NASA missions that improve the performance of the power system and/or reduce the overall costs while improving the high degree of reliability and safety required for human-rated vehicles. NASA needs innovative developments in power technologies in the areas of static and dynamic power conversion from either reactor, isotopic or solar heat sources, photovol-taics and other direct conversion devices, energy storage, and power management and distribution and diagnostics and autonomous control systems which are capable of meeting the safety and reliability requirements of missions of human space flight. ਀ NASA is interested in the development of highly advanced systems, subsystems and components for use with nuclear reactors, radioisotopes and solar power generation for future precursor and human missions. Principally these systems of interest are non-nuclear, however they may operate in close proximity to radiation sources. Anticipated power levels range from 100's of watts to multi-megawatts. Applications include: electric power for in-space propulsion, vehicle housekeeping, and science payloads, surface and atmospheric mobility, science stations, resource production, robotic outposts and human bases. ਀ Major technologies being pursued are: ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 瀀漀眀攀爀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 㸀㈀　─Ⰰ ㈀ 欀圀攀 琀漀 䴀圀攀  · Low mass thermal management (radiators)< 6 kg/m2 ਀뜀ऀ䔀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 瀀漀眀攀爀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀⸀ 㸀㄀　　　 嘀Ⰰ 欀圀攀 琀漀 䴀圀攀  · High energy density energy storage, primary and rechargeable ਀ Supporting technology includes: ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀⼀挀漀愀琀椀渀最猀 㸀㄀㌀　　 䬀  · Deployment systems for large radiators, arrays, etc. ਀뜀ऀ匀甀爀昀愀挀攀 洀漀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀  · Systems to mitigate planetary surface environments. Dust, wind, planetary atmosphere, etc. ਀ In addition to overall system mass, volume and cost reductions, safety and reliability are of extreme importance. It is envisioned that these technologies will be used on robotic and eventually human missions and it is to the Agency's advantage to develop those technologies that easily bridge the gap of robotic to human missions with a minimum of redesign. ਀ Technologies that enable challenging missions such as, electric power production for bimodal nuclear thermal propulsion, high-power nuclear electric propulsion, crew vehicle power and planetary surface power are of particular interest. Technologies that easily and efficiently scale in power output and can be used in a host of applications (high commonality) are desired.਀ Another focus for human space flight is supplying power for vehicle crew life support and for suits and tools. Most likely future missions will employ separate crewed vehicles will be used to descend and ascend from planet surfaces to the space transfer vehicle in orbit. For example, a Mars lander may need to be self-sufficient (survive on stored energy) for some extended period of time before the prime source of surface power is supplied. Smaller systems will be required for suit life support power and hand tools where energy storage systems are the most practical solution. Such solutions are also of interest for nearer-term human missions on the ISS, Shuttle, or Orbital Space Plane. ਀ Innovative concepts are solicited to advance the technology of fuel cell power plants and associated planetary in situ reactant production plant subsystems, such as high temperature electrolyzers. ਀ Technologies of interest include proton exchange membrane fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, integrated or separate reformers, and other advanced concepts that can provide notable improvements in conversion efficiency, operational life, reliability, load following performance, and mass/volume power density (W/kg and W/l). Oxidant streams of interest are focused on near-pure oxygen, but fuel streams of interest include near-pure hydrogen and reformate from near-pure hydrocarbons such as methane, ethanol, and methanol. Applications of interest for these systems encompass a range, from small power plants (~10 W) for in-cabin crew equipment, through mid-range ~10 kW for vehicle avionics, to high power (~70 kW, 270 V) systems applicable to electromechanical actuation for vehicle flight control. ਀ In addition, concepts are solicited to advance the technology of primary and secondary (rechargeable) batteries. Of special interest are new technologies, which could exploit the advantages in cost, energy density (W-hr/kg and W-hr/l), and reliability that may be possible with larger batteries built up from many small cells in series and parallel. Technologies of interest include lithium ion, lithium polymer, and other advanced concepts that can provide dramatic increases in energy density and rate capability while main-taining safety and reliability levels appropriate to in-cabin and exterior applications on crewed vehicles. ਀ The applications of interest range from in-cabin crew equipment like cameras, tools and computers to large vehicle support systems, from low (<1C) to high (20C) discharge rates, and from low (100 W-hr) to high (100 kW-hr) capacities. ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䘀㐀 䠀愀戀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䈀椀漀䄀猀琀爀漀渀愀甀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 䔀砀琀爀愀瘀攀栀椀挀甀氀愀爀 䄀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀  ਀吀栀攀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 椀猀 琀漀 愀猀猀甀爀攀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 愀渀搀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀爀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 氀漀渀最ⴀ搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀琀 椀猀 琀栀攀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 琀漀 搀爀椀瘀攀 搀漀眀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀猀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀 愀渀搀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀渀搀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀 挀爀椀琀椀ⴀ挀愀氀氀礀ⴀ渀攀攀搀攀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 猀攀氀攀挀琀攀搀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 ㄀⤀ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 愀昀昀漀爀搀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀氀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀戀氀攀 渀攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 攀砀琀爀愀ⴀ瘀攀栀椀挀甀氀愀爀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 ⠀䔀嘀䄀⤀ 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 栀愀戀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ㈀⤀ 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 愀 昀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀昀椀琀愀戀氀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀ⴀ 琀漀 昀愀爀ⴀ琀攀爀洀⸀  ਀䘀㐀⸀　㄀ 䔀砀琀爀愀瘀攀栀椀挀甀氀愀爀 䄀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 倀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀  Lead Center: JSC ਀ Advanced extravehicular activity (EVA) systems are necessary for the successful human exploration and development of many destinations and applications beyond low Earth orbit. Complex missions to the Moon, Mars, Earth-Moon L1, Sun-Earth L2, and other remote sites require innovative, flexible and affordable approaches which maximize human productivity and provide the capability to safely perform useful work. Requirements include maximum commonality to many applications/destinations, reduction of system hardware weight and volume; increased hardware reliability, durability, and operating lifetime (before resupply, recharge and maintenance, or replacement is necessary); reduced hardware and software costs; increased human comfort; and less-restrictive work performance capability in the space environment, in hazardous ground-level contaminated atmospheres, or in extreme ambient thermal environments. All proposed Phase I research must lead to specific Phase-II experimental development that could be integrated into a functional EVA system. Additional guidance in the form of the latest Agency Strategic Plan and relevant EVA implementation tactics can be found at http://www.nasa.gov/about/budget/ and http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/xa/advanced.html. Areas in which innovations are solicited include the following: ਀ Environmental Protection ਀뜀ऀ倀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 猀甀椀琀攀搀 挀爀攀眀洀攀洀戀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 爀愀ⴀ搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀琀 䰀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 倀漀椀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Dust and abrasion protection materials to exclude dust and withstand abrasion. ਀ EVA Mobility ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀 眀攀椀最栀琀 栀漀渀攀礀挀漀洀戀 漀爀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 挀漀爀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 愀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀甀椀琀 栀愀爀搀 甀瀀瀀攀爀 琀漀爀猀漀 猀栀攀氀氀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀氀 洀椀挀爀漀洀攀琀攀漀爀漀椀搀⼀漀爀戀椀琀愀氀 搀攀戀爀椀猀 愀渀搀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 爀愀搀椀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀䰀椀昀攀 匀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 匀礀猀琀攀洀  · Long-life and high-capacity oxygen storage, supply and recharge systems for normal and emer-gency supply of oxygen for breathing. ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀ⴀ瘀攀渀琀椀渀最 漀爀 渀漀渀ⴀ瘀攀渀琀椀渀最 爀攀最攀渀攀爀愀戀氀攀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 氀椀昀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀⠀猀⤀ 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 挀爀攀眀ⴀ洀攀洀戀攀爀 挀漀漀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 栀攀愀琀 爀攀樀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀洀漀瘀愀氀 漀昀 攀砀瀀椀爀攀搀 眀愀琀攀爀 瘀愀瀀漀爀 愀渀搀 䌀伀㈀⸀  · High reliability pumps and fans which will provide flow for a space suit but can be stacked to give greater flow for a vehicle. ਀뜀ऀ䌀伀㈀ 愀渀搀 栀甀洀椀搀椀琀礀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 眀栀椀挀栀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀椀渀最 攀砀瀀攀渀搀愀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 愀 䌀伀㈀ 攀渀瘀椀ⴀ爀漀渀洀攀渀琀⸀  · Space water membrane evaporators for a space suit. ਀뜀ऀ吀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 栀攀愀琀椀渀最 漀爀 挀漀漀氀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 䔀嘀䄀 挀爀攀眀洀攀洀戀攀爀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀椀渀最 漀渀 琀栀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 洀攀琀愀戀漀氀椀挀 爀愀琀攀⸀ 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 挀愀渀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 戀攀氀漀眀 ㄀㔀　 圀 愀渀搀 琀漀琀愀氀 攀渀攀爀最礀 戀攀氀漀眀 ㄀㈀　　 圀 栀爀猀⸀ 䄀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 氀攀瘀攀氀 瀀漀爀琀愀戀氀攀 氀椀昀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀礀猀ⴀ琀攀洀 爀愀搀椀愀琀漀爀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀 愀爀攀愀 漀昀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 ㄀ⴀ洀攀琀攀爀 猀焀甀愀爀攀 挀愀渀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀⸀  ਀匀攀渀猀漀爀猀⼀䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⼀䌀愀洀攀爀愀猀  · Space suit mounted displays for use both inside and outside the space suit. Outside mounted dis-plays must be low profile and compatible with space environment. Internal displays must be 100 percent 02 safe, unobtrusive and ultimately project onto the helmet visor. ਀뜀ऀ䌀伀㈀Ⰰ 戀椀漀ⴀ洀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀爀攀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 猀椀稀攀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 昀氀攀砀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀  · IR camera that displays temperature of environment for safe handling of objects, geology science support and is integratable onto a space suit or rover. ਀ Integration ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀渀椀洀甀洀 最愀猀 氀漀猀猀 愀渀搀 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀椀爀氀漀挀欀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 焀甀椀挀欀 攀砀椀琀 愀渀搀 攀渀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 挀愀渀 愀挀挀漀洀洀漀搀愀琀攀 愀渀 椀渀挀愀瀀愀挀椀琀愀琀攀搀 挀爀攀眀洀攀洀戀攀爀⸀  · Simple, lightweight, non-metallic, environmentally hardened manual or powered tools for driving fasteners in zero gravity. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ氀漀挀欀椀渀最Ⰰ 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ甀猀攀 挀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 昀愀猀琀攀渀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 䔀嘀䄀⸀  · Tether hooks for equipment or EVA crewmembers. ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀 瀀爀漀昀椀氀攀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀渀搀 昀氀攀砀椀戀氀攀 戀漀搀礀⼀氀椀洀戀 洀漀戀椀氀椀琀礀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 猀椀最渀愀氀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 昀漀爀 椀洀洀攀搀椀愀琀攀 洀漀戀椀氀椀琀礀 搀愀琀愀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀⸀ 䌀愀渀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀氀礀 漀爀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀氀礀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀甀椀琀 昀漀爀 洀漀戀椀氀ⴀ椀琀礀 樀漀椀渀琀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最⸀  · Portable and autonomous system for real time mapping capability and crewmember position and location determination during EVA zero gravity or planetary surface exploration without the need for a Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) system. ਀ ਀䘀㐀⸀　㈀ 䌀爀攀眀 䠀愀戀椀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀  Lead Center: JSC ਀ Advanced habitation systems include the overall habitat system and its crew supporting habitability functions within. Habitability systems technology are being sought to enable Human Exploration and Development of Space Enterprise future orbital, planetary and deep space applications. Space station and planetary habitation and habitability systems in areas such as crew work, food, hygiene, rest, and logistics, maintenance and repair systems are being sought out for innovative solutions with reliability, durability, repairability, radiation protection, packaging efficiency and life-cycle cost effectiveness. Integration of workstations, integrated sensors, circuitry, automated components, integrated outfitting and advanced workstation evolution to aid and enable the crew to work autonomously are considered necessary for advanced habitation. Development in crew food systems in the areas of food heating, preparation, dining and trash management enable a cohesive habitable environment for the crew. Technology development in crew hygiene systems such as waste collection, personal hygiene, multi-use equipment and hygiene evolution enables a habitable environment for the crew. ਀ The Space Station and Space Launch Initiative are of most interest and consideration of flight-testing in space should be considered. The Near-Earth missions such the Moon and Mars are also of interest. Areas in which advanced habitability system innovations are solicited include the following technologies for use in space (zero gravity) and/or the planetary surfaces: ਀ Advanced Habitability Systems ਀䌀爀攀眀 䘀漀漀搀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀㨀 䌀爀攀愀琀攀 昀漀漀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 瀀愀挀欀愀最攀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀猀攀爀瘀攀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 昀漀漀搀 愀渀搀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 昀漀漀搀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 漀渀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀 挀爀攀眀 洀攀愀氀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 搀椀渀椀渀最 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀⸀  · Food Heating Systems (Conduction, Convection, Microwave) ਀뜀ऀ圀愀爀搀爀漀漀洀Ⰰ 䐀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀 伀甀琀昀椀琀琀椀渀最  · Trash Management, Recycling, Dual Use ਀ Crew Hygiene Systems: Create crew hygiene systems that are lightweight, low power, low volume systems to support on-orbit crew waste and hygiene activities. ਀뜀ऀ圀愀猀琀攀 䌀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䜀愀猀⼀氀椀焀甀椀搀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀漀爀Ⰰ 唀爀椀渀攀 匀攀瀀愀爀愀琀漀爀  · Crew Hygiene, No-rinse Hygiene Products, Non-foaming gas/liquid separator (handle soaps) ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ☀ 伀甀琀昀椀琀琀椀渀最  ਀䌀爀攀眀 刀攀猀琀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀㨀 䌀爀攀愀琀攀 挀爀攀眀 爀攀猀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 漀渀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀 猀氀攀攀瀀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀爀椀瘀愀挀礀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀⸀  · Crew Quarters, Radiation Protection, Acoustic Control, Quiet Air Ventilation ਀뜀ऀ刀攀氀愀砀愀琀椀漀渀⼀刀攀挀爀攀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䤀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀瘀攀 嘀刀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀  · Integrated Systems & Outfitting ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䘀㔀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䄀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀Ⰰ 䤀渀猀瀀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䴀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀  ਀伀渀攀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀Ⰰ 椀渀猀瀀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀 琀漀瀀椀挀 椀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 愀 洀甀挀栀 洀漀爀攀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 猀攀琀 漀昀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 愀昀昀漀爀搀愀戀氀攀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀洀戀椀琀椀漀甀猀 渀攀眀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 最漀愀氀 椀猀 琀漀 搀爀椀瘀攀 搀漀眀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀猀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 氀漀眀 䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 ㄀⤀ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 漀昀 氀愀爀最攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⴀⴀ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 戀漀琀栀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀漀爀椀攀猀⤀ 愀渀搀 栀甀洀愀渀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ ㈀⤀ 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 琀攀氀攀ⴀ瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀猀瀀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ ㌀⤀ 愀搀瘀愀渀挀椀渀最 爀攀洀漀琀攀 漀爀 猀栀愀爀攀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ䔀愀爀琀栀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ 㐀⤀ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 攀砀琀攀渀搀 琀栀攀 氀椀昀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀猀 椀昀 愀 渀攀眀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 爀攀瀀愀椀爀Ⰰ 爀攀昀甀攀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 甀瀀最爀愀搀攀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀ⴀ甀猀攀 漀昀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 漀渀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 琀漀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 㔀⤀ 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀椀渀最 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀猀 戀礀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 攀愀猀礀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 昀漀爀 爀攀瀀愀椀爀 ⴀⴀ 琀栀甀猀 爀攀搀甀挀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀ⴀ氀攀瘀攀氀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 爀攀搀甀渀ⴀ搀愀渀挀礀 ⠀愀渀搀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 挀漀猀琀猀⤀Ⰰ 㘀⤀ 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 愀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 琀漀琀愀氀 洀愀猀猀 氀愀甀渀挀栀攀搀 琀漀 漀爀戀椀琀 昀漀爀 最椀瘀攀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 㜀⤀ 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 愀 昀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀昀椀琀愀戀氀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀ⴀ 琀漀 昀愀爀ⴀ琀攀爀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 挀愀渀 攀渀爀椀挀栀 猀漀挀椀攀琀礀 戀礀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 攀渀栀愀渀挀椀渀最 琀栀攀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 昀漀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀 栀愀瘀攀 猀愀瘀攀搀 洀愀渀礀 氀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 洀愀搀攀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 戀爀攀愀欀琀栀爀漀甀最栀猀Ⰰ 挀爀攀愀琀攀搀 挀漀甀渀琀氀攀猀猀 樀漀戀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 礀椀攀氀搀攀搀 搀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 琀愀渀最椀戀氀攀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀猀 昀漀爀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 眀椀氀氀 礀椀攀氀搀 猀琀椀氀氀 洀漀爀攀 樀漀戀猀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀ⴀ最椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀氀搀 漀瘀攀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 攀瘀攀爀礀搀愀礀 氀椀瘀攀猀⸀ 䄀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 一䄀匀䄀 椀猀 琀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀 琀漀 猀栀愀爀攀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 攀砀挀椀琀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀猀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 眀椀琀栀 愀氀氀⸀  ਀䘀㔀⸀　㄀ 䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 刀攀渀搀攀稀瘀漀甀猀 愀渀搀 䐀漀挀欀椀渀最 愀渀搀 䌀愀瀀琀甀爀攀  Lead Center: JSC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀䤀渀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 漀昀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 愀渀搀 栀甀洀愀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 爀攀渀搀攀稀瘀漀甀猀 愀渀搀 搀漀挀欀椀渀最 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀攀猀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 愀渀搀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 最甀椀搀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 ⠀䜀一☀䌀⤀ 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 戀爀椀渀最椀渀最 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 琀漀 洀愀琀攀 琀眀漀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀氀礀 氀愀爀最攀 搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀 ⠀㸀 ㄀　　　 欀椀氀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 ᰀ琠愀爀最攀琀ᴀ†瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀 漀爀戀椀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀 昀漀爀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 礀攀愀爀猀 瀀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 爀攀渀搀攀稀瘀漀甀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 ᰀ挠栀愀猀攀爀ᴀ†瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 洀愀礀 戀攀最椀渀 琀栀攀 爀攀渀搀攀稀瘀漀甀猀 愀昀琀攀爀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀椀渀最 漀爀戀椀琀愀氀 椀渀猀攀爀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䈀攀挀愀甀猀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀渀搀攀搀 甀猀攀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 爀攀渀搀攀稀瘀漀甀猀 愀渀搀 搀漀挀欀椀渀最 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 氀漀眀 爀椀猀欀 攀渀猀甀爀椀渀最 愀 瘀攀爀礀 栀椀最栀 氀攀瘀攀氀 漀昀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 愀渀搀 愀搀愀瀀琀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 猀洀愀氀氀攀爀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 猀瀀爀攀愀搀 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀 戀愀猀攀⸀  ਀䘀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀琀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀䤀匀匀⤀ 椀猀 琀栀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 渀漀琀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀 琀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 漀爀 瀀氀愀渀渀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 瘀椀猀椀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䤀匀匀 ⠀椀攀㨀 匀栀甀琀琀氀攀Ⰰ 匀漀礀甀稀Ⰰ 倀爀漀最爀攀猀猀Ⰰ 䄀吀嘀Ⰰ 䠀吀嘀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 洀愀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 椀昀 愀 栀椀最栀 氀攀瘀攀氀 漀昀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 攀渀猀甀爀攀搀⸀ 倀爀攀昀攀爀爀攀搀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 搀漀 渀漀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 攀砀琀爀愀瘀攀ⴀ栀椀挀甀氀愀爀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 ⠀䔀嘀䄀⤀ 琀漀 椀渀猀琀愀氀氀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀⸀  ਀䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 猀漀氀瘀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀猀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀昀椀渀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀椀渀最 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ挀爀愀昀琀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 爀愀渀最攀猀 漀昀 ㄀　　 欀椀氀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 琀漀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀　　 洀攀琀攀爀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀琀愀琀攀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀礀 搀愀琀愀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 戀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 琀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 爀攀渀搀攀稀瘀漀甀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀砀椀洀椀琀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀昀椀氀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 挀椀爀挀甀洀渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀愀爀最攀琀 愀渀搀 昀椀渀愀氀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 搀攀瀀愀爀琀甀爀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Definition and development of a small lightweight relative navigation system providing posi-tion/velocity trajectory control and relative attitude control during the final 100 meters of the approach through mating. ਀ F5.02 Robotics for Crew Assistance, and for On-orbit/Planetary Assembly, Maintenance and Servicing ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䨀匀䌀 Participating Center(s): MSFC ਀ Proposals are sought which include improvements to robotic joints, actuators, end-effectors, mobility devices and mechanisms for planetary and orbital aid to human explorers. Proposals should address issues associated with environmental compatibility. Specific areas of interest include the following: ਀ · Novel drive systems, suspension systems and manipulator systems. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 眀攀椀最栀琀 愀渀搀 漀爀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 漀昀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀㨀  - Reduced scale high power-to-weight ratio actuators including magnetostrictive motors and synthetic muscles. ਀ⴀऀ䴀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀攀搀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 搀爀椀瘀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀⸀  - Miniaturized sensing systems for manipulator position, rate, acceleration, force and torque. ਀뜀ऀ刀漀戀漀琀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 最爀愀瀀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 洀愀渀椀瀀甀氀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 䔀嘀䄀 琀漀漀氀猀 眀栀椀氀攀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 愀 猀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 栀甀洀愀渀 猀椀稀攀搀 昀漀爀洀 昀愀挀琀漀爀⸀  · Compact low power devices for operation with, as well as site setup and preparation for, human presence both in orbital and planetary surface exploration. Examples include site clearing and setup devices, equipment deployment and retrieval devices, sample collection and manipulation devices, and the actuation components for these devices. ਀뜀ऀ䘀爀攀攀 昀氀礀攀爀 搀漀挀欀椀渀最 愀渀搀 爀攀挀栀愀爀最攀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀  ਀倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 猀攀渀猀漀爀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀攀爀瘀攀 琀漀 洀愀砀椀洀椀稀攀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 猀椀稀攀Ⰰ 挀漀猀琀 愀渀搀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 漀爀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀爀 瘀攀爀猀愀琀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 䔀砀琀爀愀ⴀ嘀攀栀椀挀甀氀愀爀 刀漀戀漀琀猀 ⠀䔀嘀刀⤀⸀ 䌀愀琀攀最漀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 䔀嘀刀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀Ⰰ 猀攀洀椀ⴀ愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 爀漀戀漀琀 昀漀爀 愀猀猀椀猀琀椀渀最 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀Ⰰ 昀爀攀攀ⴀ昀氀礀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 椀渀猀瀀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀愀渀渀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 栀甀洀愀渀漀椀搀 爀漀戀漀琀猀 昀漀爀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀椀渀最 漀昀 洀愀渀渀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀⸀  ਀䄀 爀漀戀漀琀 琀漀 愀猀猀椀猀琀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀 洀椀最栀琀 挀愀爀爀礀 琀漀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀 昀椀攀氀搀 最攀漀氀漀ⴀ最椀猀琀Ⰰ 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀 瘀椀搀攀漀⼀猀渀愀瀀猀栀漀琀猀 昀漀爀 栀椀洀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀 琀栀攀洀 琀漀 愀 戀愀猀攀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 瘀椀攀眀椀渀最 漀爀 猀挀漀甀琀 愀栀攀愀搀 琀漀 氀漀挀愀琀攀 猀椀琀攀猀 昀漀爀 昀漀氀氀漀眀ⴀ甀瀀 䔀嘀䄀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 渀攀攀搀猀 愀爀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䘀爀攀攀 昀氀礀攀爀 搀漀挀欀椀渀最 愀渀搀 爀攀挀栀愀爀最攀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀 匀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀 洀愀挀栀椀渀攀 瘀椀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 琀爀愀挀欀ⴀ椀渀最 愀 洀漀瘀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀琀攀搀 漀戀樀攀挀琀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 愀 最攀漀氀漀最椀猀琀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀椀渀最 愀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 漀渀 昀漀漀琀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 欀攀攀瀀 琀栀攀 爀漀戀漀琀✀猀 挀愀洀攀爀愀猀 瀀漀椀渀琀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 最攀漀氀漀最椀猀琀Ⰰ 爀攀挀漀爀搀 栀椀猀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀  · An aided dead reckoning/landmark navigation system to keep a record, referenced to the terrain, of where the geologist, or the robot, is now and where they have been. ਀ A free-flying, remotely controlled imaging platform capable of transmitting images to its operator could provide images on demand of the exterior of the Space Shuttle, the International Space Station or a future Space Solar Power Satellite to inspect for damage, plan or supervise repair work, etc. Technology needs include: ਀ · Model based landmark navigation to allow a free-flying camera platform to find its way around the outside of the ISS without requiring expensive external beacons, including the ability to update the model as it changes. ਀뜀ऀ䴀愀挀栀椀渀攀 瘀椀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀洀愀最攀 洀漀猀愀椀挀猀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 甀渀猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀攀搀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀 椀渀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀 戀攀椀渀最 椀渀猀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 搀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 漀爀 挀栀愀渀最椀渀最 氀椀最栀琀椀渀最⼀瘀椀攀眀椀渀最 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Sensing to minimize the risk of collision between the imaging and target vehicles, such as: ਀ⴀऀ匀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 氀漀眀攀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 爀愀渀最攀⼀爀愀渀最攀ⴀ爀愀琀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀  - Small, lower power "ranging" sensor that produces a depth map of the scene ਀뜀ऀ匀礀猀琀攀洀 漀渀 愀 䌀栀椀瀀 ⠀匀伀䌀⤀ 椀洀愀最攀爀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀猀 䤀渀昀爀愀刀攀搀 ⠀䤀刀⤀ 椀洀愀最攀猀 漀昀 愀 猀挀攀渀攀  ਀䄀 栀甀洀愀渀漀椀搀 爀漀戀漀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀砀琀攀爀椀琀礀 漀昀 愀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀甀椀琀攀搀 愀猀琀爀漀渀愀甀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 琀漀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀椀渀最 爀攀瀀愀椀爀 漀渀 愀 洀愀渀渀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀爀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀氀礀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 昀漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 渀攀攀搀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀 ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀⼀猀攀渀猀漀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 洀攀愀猀甀爀椀渀最 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀⼀猀琀爀愀椀渀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 昀漀爀 椀渀琀攀ⴀ最爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀琀漀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀 瘀攀爀猀甀猀 戀攀椀渀最 愀渀 愀搀搀ⴀ漀渀 甀渀椀琀⸀  · Sensors with integrated multiplexing to reduce wire count. ਀뜀ऀ倀爀攀ⴀ琀愀挀琀椀氀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 昀椀氀氀 琀栀攀 最愀瀀 椀渀 漀戀樀攀挀琀 瀀攀爀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 瘀椀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最⸀  · Sensor material must be space qualifiable for temperature extremes and out-gassing. ਀ An effective human/robotic interface enables humans and computers to seamlessly control anthropomor-phic robotic systems. Proposals are sought which improve the robotic teleoperator's efficiency through advanced display systems, haptic feedback systems and telepresence control interfaces. Specific technology requirements include the following:਀ · Unencumbering, lightweight teleoperator worn tactile and force feedback devices that provide operator awareness of manipulator and payload inertia, gripping force, and forces and moments due to the robot's contact with external objects. ਀뜀ऀ匀琀攀爀攀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 栀椀最栀ⴀ昀椀搀攀氀椀琀礀 搀攀瀀琀栀 瀀攀爀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 氀愀爀最攀 昀椀攀氀搀 漀昀 瘀椀攀眀 ⠀㸀㄀　　 搀攀最爀攀攀猀 䠀漀爀椀稀漀渀琀愀氀 䘀椀攀氀搀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ瘀椀攀眀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 ⠀㰀㌀ 愀爀挀 洀椀渀甀琀攀猀 瀀攀爀 瀀椀砀攀氀⤀⸀  · Innovative miniaturized display hardware for use with Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) systems that project data in a Head Up Display (HUD) format. Emphasis is placed on compact, low mass hardware that can be used with HMD displays and efficiently display data (graphical and alpha-numeric) without detracting from the HMD displayed video. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 挀愀瀀琀甀爀椀渀最 ㌀㘀　 搀攀最爀攀攀 瘀椀搀攀漀 ⠀㈀瀀椀 猀琀攀爀愀搀椀愀渀 猀漀氀椀搀 愀渀最氀攀⤀ 愀琀 愀 眀漀爀欀 猀椀琀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀ⴀ椀渀最 愀猀 愀 洀漀猀愀椀挀攀搀 瘀椀爀琀甀愀氀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 挀爀攀眀洀攀洀戀攀爀猀 戀愀挀欀 愀琀 琀栀攀 戀愀猀攀 挀愀洀瀀⸀ 䴀漀猀愀椀挀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 洀甀猀琀 琀愀欀攀 椀渀琀漀 愀挀挀漀甀渀琀 挀愀洀攀爀愀 洀漀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀 椀渀 氀椀最栀琀椀渀最 漀瘀攀爀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀猀 漀昀 琀椀洀攀⸀  · Supervised and traded control systems that allow for seamless human/robot interaction. The ability to accommodate both planned and unplanned human and autonomous operations within a task is essential. ਀뜀ऀ嘀椀爀琀甀愀氀 爀攀愀氀椀琀礀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀欀攀 椀琀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀 昀漀爀 愀渀 䤀嘀䄀 愀猀琀爀漀渀愀甀琀 漀爀 愀 猀甀椀琀攀搀 䔀嘀䄀 愀猀琀爀漀渀愀甀琀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 漀渀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀 昀爀攀攀ⴀ昀氀礀攀爀 挀愀洀攀爀愀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 挀愀洀攀爀愀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀⸀  · Innovative systems that permit control of a robotic system through a combination of gesture and voice commands. Innovative concepts include machine vision, artificial intelligence based systems (with provision for crew oversight), as well as other non-vision forms of sensing and perception that provide command inputs to the robot. ਀뜀ऀ㌀䐀 瀀愀琀栀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 琀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 昀攀攀搀戀愀挀欀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀攀氀攀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  ਀䘀㔀⸀　㌀ 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀Ⰰ 䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䄀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 昀漀爀 䴀漀搀甀氀愀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀  Lead Center: MSFC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䜀匀䘀䌀Ⰰ 䨀倀䰀 ਀匀瀀愀挀攀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀猀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀挀琀 搀椀猀琀愀渀琀 甀渀欀渀漀眀渀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀猀Ⰰ 昀甀琀甀爀攀 洀愀渀渀攀搀 愀渀搀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 䰀䔀伀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 椀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 猀漀氀愀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀 漀爀 爀愀搀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 氀愀爀最攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀椀稀攀ⴀ挀漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀猀Ⰰ 洀愀猀猀ⴀ挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 氀愀甀渀挀栀椀渀最 氀愀爀最攀 洀漀渀漀氀椀琀栀椀挀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 椀渀琀漀 猀瀀愀挀攀 氀椀洀椀琀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀ⴀ漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 爀攀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 䤀昀 愀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 甀猀椀渀最 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 戀氀漀挀欀猀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 洀漀渀漀氀椀琀栀椀挀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 椀猀 甀猀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀猀攀 氀愀爀最攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 洀漀爀攀 琀爀愀挀琀愀戀氀攀⸀ 䴀漀搀甀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀氀猀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 甀猀椀渀最 昀氀攀攀琀猀 漀昀 椀搀攀渀琀椀挀愀氀 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 昀氀礀 椀渀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 伀琀栀攀爀 愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀猀 漀昀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 氀漀眀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀 漀昀 愀 猀椀渀最氀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 氀漀猀猀Ⰰ 猀椀渀挀攀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀攀搀 漀渀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 愀琀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 琀椀洀攀猀⸀ 刀攀瀀氀愀挀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀猀 漀爀 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 氀椀昀攀琀椀洀攀 椀猀 椀渀 洀愀渀礀 挀愀猀攀猀 愀 洀漀爀攀 爀攀愀猀漀渀愀戀氀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 琀漀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 愀 猀礀猀琀攀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 最爀愀挀攀昀甀氀 搀攀最爀愀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 挀愀渀 戀攀 洀漀爀攀 爀攀愀搀椀氀礀 洀愀渀愀最攀搀 眀椀琀栀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 甀渀椀琀猀⸀ 䠀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 挀漀猀琀猀 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 椀搀攀渀琀椀挀愀氀 甀渀椀琀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀攀猀 漀昀 猀挀愀氀攀⸀ 䴀漀搀甀氀愀爀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 愀氀猀漀 愀挀挀漀洀洀漀搀愀琀攀 挀漀猀琀ⴀ瀀栀愀猀攀搀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀渀搀 昀氀礀 愀 ᰀ瀠椀氀漀琀ᴀ†猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀氀礀 瀀爀漀瘀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 戀攀 愀搀搀攀搀 琀漀 氀愀琀攀爀 愀猀 搀攀洀愀渀搀 昀漀爀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀猀⸀ ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀Ⰰ 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 椀渀昀氀愀琀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 攀爀攀挀琀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 搀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀 漀爀 攀愀猀椀氀礀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀攀搀 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀 琀漀 挀爀攀愀琀攀 氀愀爀最攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 甀琀椀氀椀稀椀渀最 洀攀洀戀爀愀渀攀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀⸀ 䴀漀搀甀氀愀爀 甀渀椀琀猀 挀愀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀氀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀ⴀ攀渀攀爀最礀 挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀 甀猀椀渀最 挀愀戀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 氀椀渀欀愀最攀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀氀椀愀渀琀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 漀爀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀搀愀瀀琀 琀漀 瘀愀爀礀椀渀最 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 氀漀愀搀ⴀ戀攀愀爀椀渀最 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 洀愀渀愀最攀ⴀ洀攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  ਀吀漀瀀椀挀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 昀漀爀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 甀渀椀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 昀漀爀洀 猀漀氀愀爀 愀爀爀愀礀猀Ⰰ 爀愀搀椀愀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀Ⰰ 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 昀漀爀 氀愀爀最攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 栀愀戀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀 漀爀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 琀愀渀欀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 昀漀爀 攀爀攀挀琀愀戀氀攀 洀漀搀甀氀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 昀漀爀洀 戀愀挀欀戀漀渀攀猀 漀爀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀爀甀猀猀攀猀⸀ 䴀漀搀甀氀愀爀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 椀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 挀爀愀渀攀猀Ⰰ 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 甀渀椀琀猀Ⰰ 攀渀搀ⴀ攀昀昀攀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 洀漀戀椀氀攀 昀漀漀琀 爀攀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀猀Ⰰ 洀漀琀椀漀渀 戀愀猀攀猀Ⰰ 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 昀椀砀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 樀椀最猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀渀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 䄀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 樀漀椀渀椀渀最 漀爀 戀漀渀搀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀Ⰰ 洀漀搀甀氀攀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀氀椀最渀洀攀渀琀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 漀爀 攀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀⼀洀漀搀甀氀攀 椀渀猀瀀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瘀攀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀⸀ 一攀眀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最Ⰰ 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 漀昀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 甀渀椀琀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 猀洀愀爀琀 愀渀搀 洀甀氀琀椀昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 攀洀戀攀搀搀攀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀⸀ 䴀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀 漀昀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 漀爀 琀栀攀椀爀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀礀 愀爀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀氀攀 洀漀搀甀氀愀爀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀⸀  ਀ TOPIC F6 Human Exploration and Expeditions ਀ The goals of this topic include working collaboratively with technology developments in the Space Science Enterprise (and other organizations) to enable future human exploration missions to effectively address -- and at a fundamental level -- the "grand" science challenges facing NASA, driving down down the cost of human exploration missions and campaigns beyond Earth orbit, and sharing the experience of exploration with the public. In pursuing these goals, the objectives under this topic include 1) developing and validating the capability for human explorers to gain deep lunar and planetary sub-surface knowledge and access -- both remotely and through sampling -- ranging down to 1000s of meters, 2) enabling safe and affordable human exploration of other planetary surfaces -- locally but over global distances involving traverses of up to 1000s of kilometers, 3) integrating and validating the technologies needed to revolutionize public engagement in "virtual exploration" -- ranging from higher rate communications, to the creation of virtual reality simulations, to innovative human-machine interfaces, and 4) establishing a foundation for profitable commercial development of space applications of these technologies in the mid- to far-term ਀ F6.01 Crew Training and On-Board Crew Support ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䨀匀䌀 Participating Center(s): MSFC ਀ Dramatic improvements will be needed in crew and ground operations performance and productivity as NASA develops new operational capabilities to support multiple manned missions, and long duration and long distance missions. Robotic, vehicle and support systems will be required to be more robust, autono-mous and intelligent, and more maintainable. These capabilities will allow operators to "buy time" by increasing system mean time between failures, predicting when intervention will be needed, managing degraded operations, and using functional redundancy. Advanced capabilities for information and data analysis and presentation, onboard planning, execution and fault management will be needed to assist the crew. Sophisticated training and maintenance support systems and a robust knowledge base will be needed onboard, and will need to be well integrated with increasingly advanced control and maintenance systems. ਀ Ground support operations will need to be redesigned to support the increasing autonomy of space systems and onboard crew. There will need to be advanced support for distributed and adjustable command responsibility, and distributed and flexible training. Significantly more productive and intuitive approaches are needed for updating, adapting, testing and certifying advanced distributed operations software and knowledge bases during missions. Specific areas of interest in the areas of crew training, and in flight and ground operations, include: ਀ Crew Training and Maintenance Support Systems ਀뜀ऀ䘀氀攀砀椀戀氀攀 琀爀愀椀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 琀甀琀漀爀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 挀漀漀瀀ⴀ攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀爀愀椀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 瘀椀爀琀甀愀氀 爀攀愀氀椀琀礀 琀爀愀椀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 琀爀愀椀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀渀最 琀漀漀氀猀⸀  · Integration of training with advanced control and maintenance systems. ਀뜀ऀ吀漀漀氀猀 琀漀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀⼀挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 琀愀椀氀漀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 琀爀愀椀渀椀渀最 洀愀琀攀爀椀ⴀ愀氀猀⸀  · Procedures or technology for evaluating effectiveness of innovative training methods. ਀뜀ऀ䐀愀琀愀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 䐀愀琀愀 䄀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 倀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䠀甀洀愀渀 䤀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Methods for selecting and summarizing vehicle systems and payload data relating to status and events, to support crew and ground awareness, operational decision-making, and management by exception and opportunity rather than by continuous or scheduled monitoring. ਀뜀ऀ䠀甀洀愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 挀漀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀甀瀀攀爀瘀椀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 猀攀洀椀ⴀ愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Goal-driven collaborative data analysis systems capable of adaptation and learning. ਀뜀ऀ匀椀洀瀀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 渀漀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀漀爀搀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀⸀  · Immersive environments: real-time environments to enhance a human operator's ability to interact with large quantities of complex data, especially at distant locations. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 搀愀琀愀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀㨀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀Ⰰ 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀Ⰰ 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀氀愀猀猀椀昀礀 氀愀爀最攀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 栀攀琀攀爀漀最攀渀攀漀甀猀 搀愀琀愀⸀  ਀刀漀戀甀猀琀 倀氀愀渀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 伀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 䘀愀甀氀琀 䐀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 刀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 眀椀琀栀 䐀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 䄀搀樀甀猀琀愀戀氀攀 䌀漀洀洀愀渀搀 刀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀  · Algorithms for network security that will protect networks at the gigabit and terabit throughput with minimal degradation to throughput ਀뜀ऀ伀渀戀漀愀爀搀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀攀焀甀攀渀挀椀渀最Ⰰ 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀ⴀ瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最 漀昀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 挀爀攀眀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀⸀  · Flexible management of the actions of subsystems within the larger context of system flight rules and constraints. ਀뜀ऀ䘀氀攀砀椀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 昀愀甀氀琀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 甀猀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 洀漀搀攀氀猀Ⰰ ∀戀甀礀 琀椀洀攀∀ 昀漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀攀愀爀渀 昀爀漀洀 栀甀洀愀渀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀漀爀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Approaches to distributed and adjustable command responsibilities among systems, crew and ground. ਀뜀ऀ䴀漀搀攀氀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀漀甀猀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 氀椀欀攀氀椀栀漀漀搀 漀昀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 攀瘀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 栀甀洀愀渀 攀爀爀漀爀猀Ⰰ 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 眀愀爀渀椀渀最猀 漀昀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 攀瘀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 挀漀渀猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 猀甀最最攀猀琀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 挀漀甀渀琀攀爀ⴀ洀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀⸀  · Integration of systems for fault management, maintenance and training. ਀ Operations Knowledge Management and Software Updating. ਀뜀ऀ匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 昀漀爀 挀爀攀眀 愀渀搀 最爀漀甀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀漀爀猀 琀漀 焀甀椀挀欀氀礀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 搀攀昀椀渀攀Ⰰ 甀瀀搀愀琀攀Ⰰ 琀攀猀琀 愀渀搀 挀攀爀琀椀昀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 愀渀搀 爀甀氀攀 戀愀猀攀猀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 愀渀搀 搀甀爀椀渀最 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 昀漀爀 爀攀ⴀ甀猀攀 椀渀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀 琀爀愀椀渀椀渀最⸀  · Tools for incorporating and using engineering data and specifications (about equipment and its operating modes and failures and about operations procedures) into operations knowledge and model-based autonomous systems. ਀뜀ऀ吀漀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 洀漀搀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 戀愀猀攀猀 ⠀洀漀搀攀氀猀 漀昀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀⤀椀渀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 戀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 琀漀 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 愀渀搀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 甀猀攀搀 戀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀漀爀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 椀渀琀攀爀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 琀漀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 愀搀愀瀀琀 琀漀 甀渀ⴀ愀渀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀搀 挀椀爀挀甀洀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀⸀  · Simulation environments and tools for use in designing and testing intelligent semi-autonomous systems. ਀ F6.02 Distributed/International Ground Operations ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䨀匀䌀 Participating Center(s): MSFC ਀ As the operations for the International Space Station (ISS) evolves and the International partners become more integrated into the Operations of the ISS, new methods of information sharing and team interactions will be required. The current virtual team tools will not be sufficient to support the distributed international operations team interaction. Operations will also evolve in the ISS to allow the expertise of the Flight Controller to be distributed outside of the facility in order to reduce the need for constant monitoring in the Mission Control Center. Additionally, new methods for distributed functionality of the Mission Control Center in the event of an emergency are needed. Specific areas of interest in the areas of distrib-uted/international operations include: ਀ Distributed Architecture ਀뜀ऀ吀栀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 愀渀 漀爀戀椀琀椀渀最 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 琀攀氀攀洀攀琀爀礀 昀爀漀洀 愀 猀椀渀最氀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀  · The capability to remotely synchronize storage and central servers miles away and to switch op-erations to the distant servers without any loss of data ਀ Distributed Operations ਀뜀ऀ吀栀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 愀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 椀洀洀攀爀猀椀瘀攀 瘀椀爀琀甀愀氀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 眀栀攀爀攀 ㌀䐀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 洀愀渀椀瀀甀ⴀ氀愀琀攀搀 愀琀 愀渀礀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 眀漀甀氀搀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀攀氀 戀攀椀渀最 洀愀渀椀瀀甀氀愀琀攀搀 愀琀 愀氀氀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀ 爀漀琀愀琀攀搀⤀ 愀渀搀 愀渀礀 愀渀渀漀琀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀爀 瀀漀椀渀琀椀渀最 琀漀 愀 猀攀最洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀椀爀琀甀愀氀 洀漀搀攀氀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀攀搀 愀琀 愀氀氀 氀漀挀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · The capability for a virtual meeting presence, where instead of a video teleconference, you are able to have the other meeting attendees sitting around a table as if they are at that location, but are actually remotely located. (e.g., across the table would be a 3D image of the other meeting partici-pant reacting and interacting as if they were in the same room) ਀뜀ऀ圀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 瘀漀椀挀攀Ⰰ 瘀椀搀攀漀 愀渀搀 搀愀琀愀 椀渀 愀 栀愀渀搀 栀攀氀搀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀  · International communication tools that would allow real time translation of spoken word from one language to another. ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 䘀㜀 匀瀀愀挀攀 吀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀  ਀吀栀攀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀瀀愀挀攀 吀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀瀀椀挀 椀猀 琀漀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 渀攀眀 猀瀀愀挀攀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀氀礀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 愀洀戀椀琀椀漀甀猀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀猀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 搀爀愀洀愀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 爀攀搀甀挀椀渀最 琀栀攀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀ⴀ爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 猀甀猀琀愀椀渀攀搀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 戀漀琀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 䔀愀爀琀栀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀砀挀甀爀猀椀漀渀猀 昀爀漀洀 猀瀀愀挀攀 琀漀 愀渀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀愀爀最攀琀猀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䴀漀漀渀Ⰰ 䴀愀爀猀 愀渀搀 愀猀琀攀爀漀椀搀猀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 ㄀⤀ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 愀渀搀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀渀最 猀攀氀攀挀琀攀搀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀氀礀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 愀猀猀甀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀愀昀攀 愀渀搀 ∀爀漀戀甀猀琀氀礀∀ 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ ㈀⤀ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 愀昀昀漀爀搀愀戀氀攀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 ⴀ 愀渀搀 昀爀漀洀 ⴀ 琀愀爀最攀琀猀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 氀漀眀 䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀Ⰰ ㌀⤀ 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 愀昀昀漀爀搀愀戀氀攀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 愀氀氀 瀀漀椀渀琀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 最氀漀戀愀氀氀礀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䴀漀漀渀 漀爀 䴀愀爀猀Ⰰ 㐀⤀ 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 愀 昀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀昀椀琀愀戀氀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀ⴀ 琀漀 昀愀爀ⴀ琀攀爀洀Ⰰ 㔀⤀ 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 洀椀搀ⴀ 愀渀搀 昀愀爀ⴀ琀攀爀洀 猀瀀愀挀攀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀甀猀栀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ愀爀琀 椀渀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 愀渀搀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 㘀⤀ 昀椀猀猀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀ⴀ猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 爀愀瀀椀搀 愀渀搀 愀昀昀漀爀搀愀戀氀攀 椀渀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀漀 愀洀戀椀琀椀漀甀猀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀漀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀 戀攀礀漀渀搀⸀  ਀䘀㜀⸀　㄀ 䠀椀最栀 倀漀眀攀爀 䔀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 䘀漀爀 䠀甀洀愀渀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀  Lead Center: GRC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䨀匀䌀Ⰰ 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀䠀椀最栀 瀀漀眀攀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 椀漀渀Ⰰ 䠀愀氀氀Ⰰ 䴀倀䐀Ⰰ 瀀甀氀猀攀搀 椀渀搀甀挀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 嘀䄀匀䤀䴀刀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀氀愀猀洀愀 琀栀爀甀猀琀攀爀猀⤀ 椀猀 愀渀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 漀爀戀椀琀 椀渀猀攀爀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀猀 漀昀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 渀甀挀氀攀愀爀 愀渀搀 渀漀渀ⴀ渀甀挀氀攀愀爀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 栀椀最栀 瀀漀眀攀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀猀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 洀愀礀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 氀椀昀攀Ⰰ 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 搀甀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 爀攀搀甀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 爀攀搀甀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀椀琀礀Ⰰ 爀攀搀甀挀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 椀猀猀甀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 搀攀昀椀渀愀戀氀攀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀猀⸀ 䘀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 栀椀最栀 瀀漀眀攀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 椀猀 搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 愀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀椀琀栀 瀀漀眀攀爀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 漀昀 ㄀　　ⴀ欀圀 琀漀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 洀攀最愀眀愀琀琀猀 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀攀爀⸀ 䐀攀猀椀爀攀搀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 椀洀瀀甀氀猀攀猀 爀愀渀最攀 昀爀漀洀 愀 瘀愀氀甀攀 漀昀 ㈀　　　 猀 昀漀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀猀 琀漀 漀瘀攀爀 㘀　　　 猀 昀漀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 匀礀猀琀攀洀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀椀攀猀 椀渀 攀砀挀攀猀猀 漀昀 㔀　─ 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀⸀ 匀礀猀琀攀洀 氀椀昀攀琀椀洀攀猀 挀漀洀洀攀渀猀甀爀愀琀攀 眀椀琀栀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 ⠀琀礀瀀椀挀愀氀氀礀 ㄀　Ⰰ　　　⬀ 栀漀甀爀猀 漀昀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⤀ 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀⸀ 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 琀栀漀猀攀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 挀漀洀洀攀爀ⴀ挀椀愀氀氀礀 猀瀀甀渀ⴀ漀昀昀 漀爀 挀愀渀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 琀漀 氀漀眀攀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀⼀愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 栀椀最栀 瀀漀眀攀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 琀栀爀甀猀琀攀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 洀甀猀琀 栀愀瘀攀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ琀攀爀洀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 瀀甀爀猀甀攀搀 椀渀 愀 倀栀愀猀攀ⴀ䤀䤀 攀昀昀漀爀琀⸀ 䔀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 瘀漀氀琀愀最攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 椀猀漀氀愀琀漀爀猀  · Long-life, high current cathodes ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 瀀氀愀猀洀愀 渀攀甀琀爀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀  · Metal propellant management systems/components ਀뜀ऀ䌀愀琀栀漀搀攀猀 昀漀爀 洀攀琀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀猀  · Low mass, high efficiency power electronics for RF discharges ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀 瘀漀氀琀愀最攀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 眀椀爀攀 昀漀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀愀最渀攀琀猀  · High temperature permanent magnets and/or electromagnets ਀뜀ऀ䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀搀攀猀 愀渀搀 眀椀爀椀渀最  · Highly accurate propellant control devices/schemes ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 昀氀漀眀 洀攀琀攀爀猀  · Lightweight, long-life storage systems for krypton and/or hydrogen ਀뜀ऀ䘀愀猀琀 愀挀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 瘀攀爀礀 氀漀渀最 氀椀昀攀 瘀愀氀瘀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀眀椀琀挀栀攀猀 昀漀爀 瀀甀氀猀攀搀 椀渀搀甀挀琀椀瘀攀 琀栀爀甀猀琀攀爀猀  · Superconducting magnets ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀昀攀琀椀洀攀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 昀漀爀 栀漀氀氀漀眀 挀愀琀栀漀搀攀猀 ⠀椀漀渀Ⰰ 栀愀氀氀⤀ 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 爀攀昀爀愀挀琀漀爀礀 洀攀琀愀氀 挀愀琀栀漀搀攀猀 ⠀䴀倀䐀⤀  · Lightweight thrust vector control for high power thrusters ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 昀椀搀攀氀椀琀礀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 漀昀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 琀栀爀甀猀琀 漀昀 椀漀渀Ⰰ 䠀愀氀氀Ⰰ 䴀倀䐀Ⰰ 嘀䄀匀䤀䴀刀 攀渀最椀渀攀猀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 甀猀ⴀ椀渀最 挀漀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀愀氀 琀栀爀甀猀琀ⴀ猀琀愀渀搀猀⸀  · Heat transfer and rejection components for high temperature and cryogenic regimes (applications of advanced materials, heat pipes, etc.) ਀ F7.02 Propulsion Systems Ground Test Operations ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 匀匀䌀 Participating Center(s): JSC, MSFC ਀ Proposals are solicited for innovative technologies applicable to ground testing of rocket engines. The goal is to reduce overall propulsion test operations costs (recurring costs) and/or increase reliability and performance of ground test facilities.਀ Specific areas of required technology innovation include the following:਀ · Improved cryogenic high-pressure/high-flow rate instrumentation. Temperature sensors that are exposed to the high pressure (up to 15,000 psi) and high flow rates (up to 2000 lb/sec, 300 ft/sec) required in cryogenic (down to 34R) rocket engine testing must be built with significant mass to survive the testing environment. Such robust sensors tend to have slower response rates. There is a need for temperature sensors with millisecond response times that can withstand the afore-mentioned rocket engine testing environment. ਀뜀ऀ䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 椀渀猀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䄀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀 攀砀椀猀琀猀 昀漀爀 洀漀爀攀 搀甀爀愀戀氀攀 椀渀猀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 洀愀琀攀爀椀ⴀ愀氀猀 昀漀爀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 ⠀氀椀焀甀椀搀 漀砀礀最攀渀 愀渀搀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀⤀ 琀愀渀欀猀Ⰰ 瀀椀瀀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瘀愀氀瘀攀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀渀猀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 爀攀猀椀猀琀愀渀琀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀椀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 愀渀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀渀猀攀 猀甀渀氀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 栀甀洀椀搀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀爀攀ⴀ焀甀攀渀琀Ⰰ 栀攀愀瘀礀 爀愀椀渀昀愀氀氀⸀ 䤀琀 洀甀猀琀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀 爀攀猀椀猀琀愀渀琀 琀漀 搀攀琀愀挀栀洀攀渀琀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀愀渀猀椀漀渀 挀礀挀氀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀猀甀氀愀琀攀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Improved cryogenic propellant conditioning methods. New propulsion systems using cryogenic fueled rocket engines are tested using low and high pressure propellant feed systems.਀뜀ऀ䔀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀 琀栀攀 氀漀眀攀猀琀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 昀攀攀搀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀 ⠀䰀一Ⰰ 䰀伀堀Ⰰ 䰀䠀⤀ 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 猀甀戀挀漀漀氀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀⸀  · Model development and validation of flare stacks, flare stack flame geometry, and flare stack at-mospheric effects. When using hydrogen as a rocket engine propellant, hydrogen from boil-off, or hydrogen exhaust from testing components cannot be vented to the atmosphere. Flare stacks are used to burn off this excess hydrogen during both standby and testing operations. New techniques for modeling and designing flare stacks are needed to develop flare systems having improved op-erational ranges, reduced cost for supplemental purge gas usage, and low environmental impact. These flare systems must operate over a wide range of hydrogen flow rates, which span the range of a few cubic feet per minute to hundreds of pounds per second.਀ F7.03 Energy Conversion, Electromagnetic Launch Assist and Energy Storage ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀吀漀搀愀礀ᤀ猠 挀漀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀愀氀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀 眀漀爀氀搀ⴀ挀氀愀猀猀Ⰰ 猀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ愀爀琀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀猀 爀攀洀愀椀渀猀 瀀爀漀栀椀戀椀琀椀瘀攀 昀漀爀 洀愀渀礀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 攀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀愀昀攀Ⰰ 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 挀漀猀琀ⴀ攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀猀 爀攀洀愀椀渀 甀渀愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀⸀  ਀吀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 琀栀甀猀 挀漀猀琀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀Ⰰ 漀戀琀愀椀渀 琀栀攀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 戀礀 椀渀挀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀椀渀最 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀ⴀ猀琀愀最攀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 䄀 昀甀氀氀礀 䔀砀瀀攀渀搀愀戀氀攀 䰀愀甀渀挀栀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 漀爀 䔀䰀嘀Ⰰ 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 漀昀昀攀爀猀 愀 氀漀眀攀爀 瀀爀椀挀攀搀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 琀栀愀渀 一䄀匀䄀ᤀ猠 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀栀甀琀琀氀攀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 挀漀洀洀漀渀 琀漀 戀漀琀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 瘀攀爀琀椀挀愀氀 琀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 漀爀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瀀愀琀栀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 琀漀 漀爀戀椀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 琀栀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀ᤀ猠 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 琀漀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀 愀 琀栀爀甀猀琀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 椀琀ᤀ猠 漀眀渀 漀瀀瀀漀猀椀渀最 眀攀椀最栀琀 甀渀琀椀氀 椀琀 攀猀挀愀瀀攀猀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀氀甀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 攀愀爀琀栀ᤀ猠 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀⸀  ਀圀栀椀氀攀 䔀䰀嘀ᤀ猠 漀昀昀攀爀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 挀漀猀琀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 猀愀瘀椀渀最猀 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 栀椀最栀攀爀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 爀愀琀攀猀 ⠀攀挀漀渀漀洀礀 漀昀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀⤀ 攀瘀攀渀琀甀愀氀氀礀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 愀 氀椀洀椀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 氀椀洀椀琀 愀爀椀猀攀猀 愀猀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 漀昀 爀攀瀀氀愀挀椀渀最 洀愀樀漀爀 氀愀甀渀挀栀攀爀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀昀琀攀爀 攀愀挀栀 氀愀甀渀挀栀Ⰰ 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 氀椀欀攀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀⸀ 䤀渀 猀瀀椀琀攀 漀昀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀ⴀ椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 氀愀甀渀挀栀攀爀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀猀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀椀渀最 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀 琀漀 䰀漀眀 䔀愀爀琀栀 伀爀戀椀琀 ⠀䰀䔀伀⤀Ⰰ 漀爀 䜀攀漀ⴀ猀礀渀挀栀爀漀渀漀甀猀 漀爀戀椀琀 ⠀䜀䔀伀⤀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 愀琀 戀攀猀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ␀㘀　　ⴀ␀㄀　　　 瀀攀爀 氀戀⸀ 爀愀渀最攀⸀ 䌀漀渀猀攀焀甀攀渀琀氀礀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 甀猀攀爀猀 爀攀猀漀爀琀 琀漀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 氀愀渀搀 氀椀渀攀猀 椀渀猀琀攀愀搀 漀昀 氀愀甀渀挀栀椀渀最 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 瀀漀猀琀瀀漀渀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瀀氀愀渀猀 愀氀琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 甀渀琀椀氀 挀漀猀琀猀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 洀漀爀攀 昀愀瘀漀爀愀戀氀攀⸀  ਀䘀甀琀甀爀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 戀攀猀琀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 漀爀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 爀攀挀漀爀搀 眀椀氀氀 愀氀猀漀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 氀漀眀攀猀琀 吀漀琀愀氀 䰀椀昀攀 䌀礀挀氀攀 䌀漀猀琀 ⠀吀䰀䌀䌀⤀⸀  ਀䄀渀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 愀挀挀攀氀攀爀愀琀漀爀 ⠀䔀䴀䄀 漀爀 䔀䴀 挀愀琀愀瀀甀氀琀⤀ 挀愀渀 戀攀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀搀 琀漀 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 氀愀渀搀椀渀最 最攀愀爀 愀渀搀 眀椀渀最 眀攀椀最栀琀猀 漀昀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀攀搀 栀漀爀椀稀漀渀琀愀氀氀礀⸀ 䄀渀 䔀䴀䄀 椀猀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 愀 氀椀渀攀愀爀 洀漀琀漀爀 猀挀愀氀攀搀 琀漀 愀挀挀攀氀攀爀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 琀漀 愀 猀愀昀攀 爀攀氀攀愀猀攀 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀礀⸀ 䰀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 眀攀椀最栀椀渀最 ㄀　　 䴀 琀漀渀猀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 䜀䰀伀圀 ⠀䜀爀漀猀猀 䰀椀昀琀 伀昀昀 圀攀椀最栀琀⤀Ⰰ 挀愀渀 戀攀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀礀 愀挀挀攀氀攀爀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀椀攀猀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 ㄀㌀　 洀⼀猀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 愀挀挀攀氀攀爀愀琀漀爀 洀愀礀 戀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 爀攀昀甀猀攀搀 琀愀欀攀 漀昀昀 洀漀搀攀 漀爀 愀戀漀爀琀Ⰰ 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀ⴀ椀渀最 洀甀挀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀渀攀爀最礀 攀砀瀀攀渀搀攀搀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 愀戀漀爀琀攀搀 氀愀甀渀挀栀⸀  ਀䤀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 洀攀攀琀 一䄀匀䄀ᤀ猠 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 最漀愀氀猀 漀昀 爀攀搀甀挀椀渀最 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀 挀漀猀琀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀愀昀攀琀礀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀爀攀愀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀渀攀愀爀 洀漀琀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 栀愀爀猀栀 甀猀攀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Technologies enabling safe and efficient accelerations of heavy loads at high velocities. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀椀渀最 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 漀昀 攀渀攀爀最礀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀⸀  · Technologies providing safe, reliable and environmentally benign electrical energy generation. ਀뜀ऀ匀礀猀琀攀洀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀渀最 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Diagnostic methods incorporating algorithms of critical hardware and software parameters for detection of off-nominal system performance and reconfiguration provisions to provide fail-safe systems operation. ਀뜀ऀ䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 愀猀猀椀洀椀氀愀琀椀渀最 栀攀愀氀琀栀ⴀ洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 漀爀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ挀漀爀爀攀挀琀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Methods that enable the coordination of diagnostic activities between automated systems and hu-mans for rapid detection of anomalies, troubleshooting, and recovery of critical system functions. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 攀瘀漀氀瘀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 愀搀愀瀀琀愀戀氀攀 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀猀 昀漀爀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 猀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ愀爀琀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀⸀  ਀  9.1.5 SPACE SCIENCE਀ The space science technology development program develops and makes available new space technologies needed to enable and enhance exploration, expand our knowledge of the universe, and ensure continued national scientific, technical, and economic leadership. It strives to improve reliability and mission safety, and to accelerate mission development. Since the early 1990s, the average space science mission develop-ment time has been reduced from over 9 years to 5 years or less, partly by integration and early infusion of advanced technologies into missions. For missions planned through 2004, we hope to further reduce development time to less than 4 years. Our technology program encompasses three primary capabilities, in space where necessary, so that they can be confidently applied to space science flight projects. Finally, we apply these improved and demonstrated capabilities in the space science programs and transfer them to U.S. industry for public use through programs such as the Small Business Innovation Research Program. For more information on space science at NASA, see:਀ http://spacescience.nasa.gov/਀ TOPIC S1 Sun Earth Connection 166਀匀㄀⸀　㄀ 倀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 䘀椀攀氀搀猀 䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䠀攀氀椀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀Ⰰ 倀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀         䴀愀最渀攀琀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 唀瀀瀀攀爀 䄀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀猀ऀ㄀㘀㘀 S1.02 Deep Space Propulsion 167਀匀㄀⸀　㌀ 䴀甀氀琀椀昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 匀攀渀猀漀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀ऀ㄀㘀㤀 S1.04 Spacecraft Technology for Micro/Nanosats 170਀匀㄀⸀　㔀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 匀甀渀ⴀ䔀愀爀琀栀 䌀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀ऀ㄀㜀㄀ S1.06 UV and EUV Optics and Detectors 172਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 匀㈀ 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 䔀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀ऀ㄀㜀㈀ S2.01 Sensors and Detectors for Astrophysics 173਀匀㈀⸀　㈀ 吀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 愀渀搀 䔀砀琀爀愀ⴀ吀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 䈀愀氀氀漀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 䄀攀爀漀戀漀琀猀ऀ㄀㜀㐀 S2.03 Multiple Coordinated Observatories 175਀匀㈀⸀　㐀 䌀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀ऀ㄀㜀㘀 S2.05 Optical Technologies 177਀匀㈀⸀　㘀 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 倀栀漀琀漀渀 䐀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀ऀ㄀㜀㠀 TOPIC S3 Astronomical Search for Origins 179਀匀㌀⸀　㄀ 倀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 䌀漀渀猀琀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 䤀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀爀礀ऀ㄀㜀㤀 S3.02 Astronomical Instrumentation 180਀匀㌀⸀　㌀ 䠀椀最栀 䌀漀渀琀爀愀猀琀 䄀猀琀爀漀瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 䤀洀愀最椀渀最ऀ㄀㠀㄀ S3.04 Large-Aperture Lightweight Cryogenic Telescope Mirrors 182਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 匀㐀 䔀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀漀氀愀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀ऀ㄀㠀㈀ S4.01 Science Instruments for Conducting Solar System Exploration 182਀匀㐀⸀　㈀ 刀漀戀漀琀椀挀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀ऀ㄀㠀㐀 S4.03 Advanced Miniature and Microelectronics, Nanosensors, and Evolvable Hardware 185਀匀㐀⸀　㐀 䐀攀攀瀀 匀瀀愀挀攀 倀漀眀攀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀ऀ㄀㠀㘀 S4.05 Astrobiology 187਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 匀㔀 䴀愀爀猀 䔀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀ऀ㄀㠀㤀 S5.01 Detection and Reduction of Biological Contamination on Flight Hardware and in Return-Sample Handling 189਀匀㔀⸀　㈀ 䴀愀爀猀 䤀渀 匀椀琀甀 刀漀戀漀琀椀挀猀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀ऀ㄀㤀　 S5.03 High Rate Telecommunications for Mars Planetary and Proximity Ranges and Other Deep-Space Missions 191਀  TOPIC S1 Sun Earth Connection਀ The overarching goal of the Sun-Earth Connection (SEC) theme in Space Science is an understanding of how the Sun, heliosphere, and planetary environments are connected in a single system. The three principal science objectives spring from this goal: 1) Understanding the changing flow of energy and matter throughout the Sun, heliosphere, and planetary environments; 2) Exploring the fundamental physical processes of plasma systems in the solar system; 3) Defining the origins and societal impacts of variability in the SEC. SEC missions investigate the physics of the Sun, the heliosphere, the local interstellar medium, and all planetary environments within the heliosphere. They address problems such as solar variability, the responses of the planets to such variability, and the interaction of the heliosphere with the galaxy. Increas-ingly, SEC investigations have focused upon space weather, the diverse array of dynamic and interconnected space phenomena that affect both life and society. Technology plays an important role in maximizing the science return from all SEC missions. ਀ S1.01 Particles and Fields Measurements for Missions to the Heliosphere, Planetary Magnetospheres and Upper Atmospheres ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀匀䘀䌀 Participating Center(s): JPL ਀ The Sun-Earth-Connections theme studies the Sun with its surrounding heliosphere carrying its photon and particle emissions and the subsequent responses of the Earth and planets. This requires remote and in situ sensing of upper atmospheres and ionospheres, magnetospheres and interfaces with the solar wind, the heliosphere, and the Sun. Improving our knowledge and understanding of these requires accurate in situ measurements of the composition, flow, and thermodynamic state of space plasmas and their interactions with atmospheres as well as the physics and chemistry of the upper atmosphere/ionosphere systems. Remote sensing of photons and neutral atoms are required for the physics and chemistry of the Sun, the heliosphere, magnetospheres, and planetary atmospheres and ionospheres. Since instrumentation is severely constrained by spacecraft resources, miniaturization, low power consumption and autonomy are common technological challenges across this entire category of sensors. Specific technologies are sought in the following categories: ਀ Photon Remote Sensing (Radar to Infrared through x-ray and gamma-ray wavelengths) ਀ · Advanced light weight diffraction limited mirrors. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀最爀愀瀀栀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Advanced detectors for visible through x-ray wavelengths. ਀뜀ऀ䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 漀昀 䤀刀 攀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 昀爀漀洀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 椀漀渀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 氀愀爀最攀 愀爀爀愀礀 ⠀㠀 䴀攀最愀瀀椀砀攀氀⤀ 䌀䌀䐀 挀愀洀攀爀愀猀 ⠀　⸀㌀㔀ⴀ㈀ 洀椀挀爀漀渀⤀Ⰰ 栀漀氀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀愀氀氀礀 攀渀ⴀ栀愀渀挀攀搀 䘀愀戀爀礀ⴀ倀攀爀漀琀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀甀渀愀戀氀攀 䤀刀 氀愀猀攀爀猀 ⠀㈀ⴀ㔀 洀椀挀爀漀渀⤀ 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀Ⰰ 攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 挀愀猀挀愀搀攀猀⸀  · Improved techniques for spectrometric imaging of visible and UV emissions from regions of ener-getic plasma phenomena interacting with atmospheric gases, such as aurora and day-glow cameras. ਀뜀ऀ䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 漀昀 砀⼀䜀愀洀洀愀ⴀ爀愀礀 攀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 昀爀漀洀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀攀琀愀爀礀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 椀漀渀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 猀漀氀椀搀 猀琀愀琀攀 瀀栀漀琀漀洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀椀攀爀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 猀挀椀渀琀椀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀⸀  ਀倀氀愀猀洀愀 刀攀洀漀琀攀 匀攀渀猀椀渀最 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 渀攀甀琀爀愀氀 愀琀漀洀 挀愀洀攀爀愀猀⤀  · Advanced neutral atom imagers for energies from a few eV to 100 keV to remotely sense ion ਀瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 栀攀氀椀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 愀渀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀最渀攀琀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 洀愀礀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀  techniques for high-efficiency and robust imaging of energetic neutral atoms covering any part of ਀琀栀攀 攀渀攀爀最礀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀甀洀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀ 攀嘀 琀漀 ㄀　　 欀攀嘀⸀  ਀䤀渀 猀椀琀甀 倀氀愀猀洀愀 匀攀渀猀漀爀猀  · Improved techniques for imaging of charged particle (electrons and ions) velocity distributions. ਀뜀ऀ䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 昀氀漀愀琀椀渀最 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 渀攀愀爀 琀栀攀 氀漀挀愀氀 瀀氀愀猀洀愀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 洀椀渀椀洀愀氀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 愀洀戀椀攀渀琀 瀀氀愀猀洀愀 愀渀搀 昀椀攀氀搀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀⸀  · Low power digital time-of-flight analyzer chips and waveform generators with sub-nanosecond resolution and multiple channels of parallel processing. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀攀搀Ⰰ 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀ⴀ琀漀氀攀爀愀渀琀Ⰰ 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀⸀  ਀䘀椀攀氀搀猀 匀攀渀猀漀爀猀  · Improved techniques for measurement of plasma floating potential and DC electric field (and by extension the plasma drift velocity), especially in the direction parallel to the spin axis of a spin-ning spacecraft. ਀뜀ऀ䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀愀搀椀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 昀椀攀氀搀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 愀 猀椀渀最氀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 漀爀 挀氀甀猀琀攀爀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀⸀  · Improved techniques for the measurement of the gradients (curl) of the magnetic field in space local to a single spacecraft or group of spacecraft. ਀뜀ऀ䐀椀爀攀挀琀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 氀漀挀愀氀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀 愀琀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 愀渀搀 琀椀洀攀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 琀礀瀀椀挀愀氀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀氀愀猀洀愀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 猀栀漀挀欀猀Ⰰ 洀愀最渀攀琀漀瀀愀甀猀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀甀爀漀爀愀氀 愀爀挀猀⸀  · Miniaturized, radiation-tolerant and autonomous electronic systems for the above. ਀ Electromagnetic Radiation Sensors ਀뜀ऀ刀愀搀愀爀 猀漀甀渀搀椀渀最 愀渀搀 攀挀栀漀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 漀昀 瀀氀愀猀洀愀 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 昀椀攀氀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 漀爀戀椀琀椀渀最 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀⸀  ਀匀㄀⸀　㈀ 䐀攀攀瀀 匀瀀愀挀攀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀  Lead Center: MSFC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䜀刀䌀Ⰰ 䜀匀䘀䌀Ⰰ 䨀倀䰀Ⰰ 䨀匀䌀  ਀匀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 昀漀爀 甀瀀挀漀洀椀渀最 搀攀攀瀀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 洀愀渀攀甀瘀攀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 椀渀樀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 搀攀猀挀攀渀琀⼀愀猀挀攀渀琀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 瘀漀氀甀洀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀漀猀琀⸀ 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 猀漀氀愀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀Ⰰ 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀Ⰰ 猀漀氀愀爀 猀愀椀氀猀Ⰰ 愀攀爀漀愀猀猀椀猀琀 ⼀愀攀爀漀挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 攀洀攀爀最椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀ ਀匀漀氀愀爀 䔀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀  Innovations in electric propulsion system technologies are being sought for space science applications. One area of emphasis pertains to high-performance propulsion systems capable of delivering specific impulse (Isp) greater than 3500 seconds, using electrical power from radioisotope or solar energy sources. Thruster technologies include, but are not limited to, ion engines, Hall thrusters, and pulsed electromagnetic devices. Other subsystems of interest include the power source, propellant storage and feed, power processing, power management and distribution, heat-to-electrical power conversion, and waste heat disposal. Devel-opment of ultra-lightweight inflatable/deployable solar arrays, solar concentrators, and radiators is of significant interest for power generation and thermal subsystems. Innovations considered here may focus on the component, subsystem or system level, and must ultimately result in significant improvements in spacecraft capability, longevity, mass, volume and/or cost.਀ Solar Sails ਀匀漀氀愀爀 猀愀椀氀猀 愀爀攀 攀渀瘀椀猀椀漀渀攀搀 愀猀 愀 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 渀攀愀爀 䔀愀爀琀栀 愀渀搀 搀攀攀瀀 猀瀀愀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀✀猀 攀渀愀戀氀攀搀⼀攀渀栀愀渀挀攀搀 戀礀 猀漀氀愀爀 猀愀椀氀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 吀攀挀栀 倀甀氀氀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 䜀攀漀琀愀椀氀Ⰰ 䌀漀洀攀琀 匀愀洀瀀氀攀 愀渀搀 吀椀琀愀渀 䘀氀礀戀礀 琀漀 戀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀攀搀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 ㈀　　㤀 愀渀搀 ㈀　㄀㈀⸀ 䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 挀愀琀攀最漀爀礀 漀昀 一䄀匀䄀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 倀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 䄀挀挀攀氀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 匀漀氀愀爀 伀爀戀椀琀攀爀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䰀㄀ⴀ䐀椀愀洀漀渀搀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 匀漀氀愀爀 倀漀氀愀爀 䤀洀愀最攀爀Ⰰ 愀氀氀 眀栀椀挀栀 猀栀愀氀氀 戀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀攀搀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 ㈀　㄀㔀 愀渀搀 ㈀　㈀㠀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 昀漀爀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀甀渀ⴀ䔀愀爀琀栀 䌀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 琀栀攀洀攀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 匀漀氀愀爀 倀漀氀愀爀 䤀洀愀最攀爀 愀渀搀 䤀渀琀攀爀猀琀攀氀氀愀爀 倀爀漀戀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 氀愀琀琀攀爀 戀攀椀渀最 愀 猀愀椀氀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 琀漀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀 椀渀琀攀爀猀琀攀氀氀愀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䔀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀漀氀愀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 琀栀攀洀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 戀爀漀愀搀氀礀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瘀攀渀Ⰰ 猀愀椀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 氀漀眀攀爀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀 愀渀搀 爀椀猀欀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 猀愀椀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 猀愀椀氀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 愀渀搀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 猀礀猀琀攀洀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 ⠀愀琀琀椀琀甀搀攀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀Ⰰ 洀愀渀攀甀瘀攀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 搀甀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀愀椀氀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀 漀渀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀⸀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀ⴀ洀攀渀琀 漀昀 甀氀琀爀愀ⴀ氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 椀渀昀氀愀琀愀戀氀攀⼀搀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 椀猀 漀昀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 爀椀最椀搀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 甀氀琀爀愀ⴀ氀椀最栀琀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 琀栀椀渀 昀椀氀洀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀ 吀栀爀攀攀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 甀猀攀搀 愀猀 猀愀椀氀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 洀攀琀爀椀挀猀 椀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀㨀 猀愀椀氀 猀椀稀攀Ⰰ 猀愀椀氀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 挀氀漀猀攀 猀漀氀愀爀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀爀攀愀氀 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀 ⠀爀愀琀椀漀 漀昀 洀愀猀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀愀椀氀 琀漀 愀爀攀愀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀愀椀氀⤀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀洀愀琀椀挀 洀攀琀爀椀挀猀 愀爀攀 挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀椀猀欀⸀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 最攀愀爀攀搀 琀漀眀愀爀搀 愀 眀椀搀攀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 猀愀椀氀 猀椀稀攀猀Ⰰ 猀漀氀愀爀 挀氀漀猀攀猀琀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀攀爀椀愀氀 搀攀渀猀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀礀 戀攀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀攀搀 昀漀爀 漀渀攀 瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀愀渀最攀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀爀礀椀渀最 琀漀 挀漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 眀栀漀氀攀 爀愀渀最攀⸀ 匀愀椀氀 猀椀稀攀猀 洀愀礀 爀愀渀最攀 昀爀漀洀 瘀攀爀礀 猀洀愀氀氀 ⠀洀攀琀攀爀ⴀ猀椀稀攀搀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 眀椀琀栀 瘀攀爀礀 琀椀渀礀 瀀椀挀漀猀愀琀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀 漀爀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 愀猀 愀甀砀椀氀椀愀爀礀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀⤀Ⰰ 琀漀 洀攀搀椀甀洀 ⠀㔀　ⴀ㄀　　 洀 猀椀稀攀 昀漀爀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀椀渀最 栀椀最栀ⴀ椀渀挀氀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 猀漀氀愀爀 漀爀戀椀琀猀 漀爀 渀漀渀ⴀ䬀攀瀀氀攀爀椀愀渀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀猀⤀ 愀渀搀 甀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瘀攀爀礀 氀愀爀最攀 ⠀栀甀渀搀爀攀搀猀 漀昀 洀攀琀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 氀攀瘀椀琀愀琀攀搀 漀爀戀椀琀猀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 搀攀氀琀愀 嘀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 氀攀愀瘀椀渀最 猀漀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀琀 栀椀最栀 猀瀀攀攀搀⤀⸀ 匀愀椀氀 眀攀椀最栀琀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 渀漀琀 戀攀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀Ⰰ 甀氀琀爀愀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 猀愀椀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 ⠀㰀㄀ 最爀愀洀⼀洀㈀⤀⸀ 䌀氀漀猀攀猀琀 猀漀氀愀爀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 洀愀礀 爀愀渀最攀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀ 䄀唀 搀漀眀渀 琀漀 　⸀㄀ 䄀唀⸀ 䄀攀爀椀愀氀 搀攀渀猀椀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀 猀漀氀愀爀 猀愀椀氀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀 ⠀攀砀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀⤀ 洀愀礀 爀愀渀最攀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀ 琀漀 ㄀㔀 最⼀洀㈀⸀ 唀渀挀漀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀愀椀氀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 猀漀甀最栀琀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 栀攀氀椀漀最礀爀漀猀Ⰰ 猀瀀椀渀渀攀爀猀Ⰰ 爀椀最椀搀 猀愀椀氀猀Ⰰ 琀攀渀猀攀最爀椀琀礀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 猀漀氀愀爀 瀀栀漀琀漀渀 琀栀爀甀猀琀攀爀Ⰰ 搀甀愀氀 洀漀搀攀 眀椀琀栀 愀攀爀漀戀爀愀欀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀漀氀愀爀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀Ⰰ 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 戀攀愀洀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀  ਀䌀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 吀栀攀爀洀愀氀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀  Innovations in low thrust chemical propulsion system technologies are being sought for space science applications. Technologies of interest include, but are not restricted to, bipropellant engines with Isp greater than 360 seconds. Another area includes considered here may focus on the component, subsystem or system level, and must ultimately result in significant reductions in spacecraft system mass, volume and/or cost. lightweight, compact and low-power propellant management components, such as valves, flow control/regulation, fluid isolation, and lightweight tankage. For thermal propulsion, lightweight deployable solar concentrator innovations are of significant interest, including materials, packaging/deployment, and rigidization. Innovations considered here may focus on the component, subsystem or system level, and most ultimately result in significant reductions in spacecraft system mass volume and/or cost. ਀ Aeroassist ਀䄀攀爀漀愀猀猀椀猀琀 椀猀 愀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 琀攀爀洀 最椀瘀攀渀 琀漀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 洀愀渀攀甀瘀攀爀 愀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 愀渀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀Ⰰ 甀猀椀渀最 愀攀爀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 昀漀爀挀攀猀 椀渀 氀椀攀甀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀瘀攀 昀甀攀氀⸀ 䄀攀爀漀愀猀猀椀猀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 猀栀漀爀琀攀爀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 挀爀甀椀猀攀 琀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀 洀愀猀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 挀漀猀琀猀⸀ 匀甀戀猀攀琀猀 漀昀 愀攀爀漀愀猀猀椀猀琀 愀爀攀 愀攀爀漀挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 愀攀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 愀猀猀椀猀琀⸀ 䄀攀爀漀挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀 爀攀氀椀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 攀砀挀栀愀渀最攀 漀昀 洀漀洀攀渀琀甀洀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 愀 搀攀挀攀氀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 琀栀爀甀猀琀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀漀 漀爀戀椀琀 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 瀀攀爀洀椀琀猀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 琀漀 戀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 䔀愀爀琀栀 愀琀 栀椀最栀攀爀 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀甀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 愀 猀栀漀爀琀攀爀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 琀爀椀瀀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䄀琀 琀栀攀 搀攀猀琀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀礀 椀猀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 戀礀 愀攀爀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 搀爀愀最 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀⸀ 圀椀琀栀漀甀琀 愀攀爀漀挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 愀 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀琀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀礀⸀ 䄀攀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 愀猀猀椀猀琀 椀猀 愀渀 攀砀琀攀渀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀 漀昀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 愀猀猀椀猀琀 眀椀琀栀 愀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 戀漀搀礀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀猀 椀渀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 䄀攀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 愀猀猀椀猀琀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀猀 甀猀椀渀最 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 椀渀 挀漀渀樀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 愀攀爀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 愀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀甀爀渀椀渀最 愀渀最氀攀 搀甀爀椀渀最 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 昀氀礀ⴀ戀礀⸀ 䤀渀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 猀攀攀欀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀  ਀䄀攀爀漀挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀㨀  · Aerogel TPS Systems: Development of advanced thermal protection systems using aerogel mate-rials. ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀 䐀攀挀攀氀攀爀愀琀漀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀㨀 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 昀漀爀眀愀爀搀 漀爀 琀爀愀椀氀椀渀最 搀攀挀攀氀攀爀愀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀 戀攀 椀渀昀氀愀琀愀戀氀攀 漀爀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀攀搀⸀ 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 猀栀漀眀 琀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 眀椀琀栀猀琀愀渀搀 愀攀爀漀ⴀ搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 猀琀爀攀猀猀攀猀⼀琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀攀爀漀挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀 猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀猀⸀  ਀䄀攀爀漀最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 䄀猀猀椀猀琀㨀  · Aerogravity Assist Systems: System concept studies should include mission architecture and vehi-cle design. Concept should show evolution of the design from concept phase, through technology development/test and mission utilization. ਀ ਀䔀洀攀爀最椀渀最 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  This effort will focus on technologies supporting innovative and advanced concepts for propellantless propulsion and other revolutionary transportation technologies. The categories under Emerging Propulsion Technologies include, but are not limited to: electrodynamic and momentum transfer tether propulsion; beamed energy; plasma sails; and low to medium power electric propulsion. The electrodynamic tether propulsion method exchanges momentum with a planet's rotational angular momentum through electrody-namic interaction with the planetary magnetic field. Momentum exchange tethers or MXER concepts use orbital energy to provide a high thrust to a payload in LEO. Beamed energy includes lasers or microwave energy to directly propel a spacecraft or to supply power that is utilized for propulsion onboard the spacecraft. Plasma sail propulsion involves momentum exchange with solar wind ions through electrody-namic or electrostatic interaction. The low to medium electric propulsion is a general category for fresh variations of electric thrusters (Hall, MHD, PIT, etc.) that support near or mid-term solar powered space-craft (e.g., below ~50 kW). Unique, innovative and novel propulsion ideas are sought but with reasonable expectations to progress to hardware prototypes. The categories may be as low as TRL 2 but rapid demon-stration to TRL 4 is expected. Distinctive variations of existing propulsion methods or chief subsystem component improvements are also suitable for submission. Proposals should provide development of specific innovative technologies or techniques supporting any of the above approaches. A clear plan for demonstrating feasibility, noting any test and experiment requirements, is also recommended. Key to each idea is an unambiguous knowledge of past research/concepts conducted on related work and specifically how this new proposal differs to the extent that it appears to offer a significant benefit. Identification of the fundamental technology to be developed is also crucial. ਀ S1.03 Multifunctional Structure and Sensor Systems ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䨀倀䰀 Participating Center(s): GSFC, LaRC, MSFC ਀ NASA seeks innovative concepts for multifunctional or integrated structure and sensor/electronic systems to reduce spacecraft size and mass, and to enable lower-cost and more capable aerospace vehicles, instru-ments and structures. A multifunctional system combines several functions, which are usually performed by separate subsystems, into a single highly integrated system. Additionally, multifunctional systems would enable more effective health monitoring where, in this case, "health monitoring" refers to the state of the spacecraft, subsystem or structure. To achieve this will require revolutionary advances over the capabilities of traditional spacecraft systems. Microspacecraft systems (as small as 10 kg, using 10 W, or less) of all varieties will enable new missions that are currently impractical. These systems will include, but are not limited to, orbiters, landers, atmospheric probes, rovers, penetrators, aerobots (balloons), planetary aircraft, subsurface vehicles (ice/soil), and submarines. Also of interest are distributed sensor systems integral with structural elements for the monitoring of the state of those elements or for the construction of new classes of scientific instruments based upon the unique features of the integrated system. New technologies are needed in the areas of integration and packaging of MEMS sensors and actuators integral with advanced lightweight materials for structure and propulsion or thermal control. ਀ Potential mission applications for the technology products developed in this area include micro/nano-spacecraft, thin-film gossamer spacecraft, adaptive large-aperture telescopes, antennas, and airframes. High-priority technology development needs include the following: ਀ · Techniques for the structural integration of low-volume electronics packaging such as chip-on-structure, chip-on-flex (flexible substrate), and imbedded electronics. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀渀最 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 䴀䔀䴀匀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 攀渀攀爀最礀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 洀愀渀ⴀ愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 猀栀椀攀氀搀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 甀氀琀爀愀ⴀ氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀⸀  · Multifunctional membranes that incorporate thin-film electronics and MEMS sensors, photo-voltaic cells, or electrochromic materials. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀戀氀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀 爀攀愀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 琀漀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 猀琀椀洀甀氀椀 昀漀爀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ爀攀瀀愀椀爀 漀昀 搀愀洀愀最攀⸀  · Avionics, including highly integrated "systems-on-a-chip" technologies that integrate areas such as telecommunications, power management, data processing and storage, on-chip energy storage, on-chip magnetics or data sensors with structure and/or actuators. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀挀爀漀ⴀ䔀氀攀挀琀爀漀ⴀ䴀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀䴀䔀䴀匀⤀ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最㨀 洀椀挀爀漀愀挀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 栀攀愀氀琀栀ⴀ洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀渀搀 氀漀眀ⴀ洀愀猀猀 漀渀ⴀ挀栀椀瀀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀椀ⴀ挀爀漀 昀氀甀椀搀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Thermal management, including active and passive techniques. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀Ⰰ 挀愀戀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀  · Technology for integrating three-dimensional VLSI, chip stacking, multi-chip-module stacking and other advanced packaging techniques with stuctural elements. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 昀漀爀 琀攀猀琀 愀渀搀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀攀猀椀最渀 椀渀琀攀最爀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 䤀倀 戀愀猀攀搀 䄀匀䤀䌀猀Ⰰ 洀椀砀攀搀 猀椀最渀愀氀 䄀匀䤀䌀猀 愀渀搀 䴀䔀䴀匀⸀  ਀匀㄀⸀　㐀 匀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 䴀椀挀爀漀⼀一愀渀漀猀愀琀猀  Lead Center: GSFC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䨀倀䰀  ਀一䄀匀䄀 猀攀攀欀猀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 椀渀攀砀瀀攀渀猀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀氀礀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 猀洀愀氀氀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 匀䔀䌀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀琀椀戀氀攀 眀椀琀栀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 猀漀洀攀眀栀攀爀攀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀挀爀漀⼀渀愀渀漀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 ㄀　　 欀最 搀漀眀渀 琀漀 ㄀ 欀最⸀ 䄀氀氀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 洀甀猀琀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 愀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 愀琀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 眀椀琀栀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀氀礀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 漀爀Ⰰ 栀愀瘀攀 愀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 椀渀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀渀搀 挀漀猀琀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 昀愀挀琀漀爀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 愀渀搀 猀栀漀眀 愀 洀椀渀椀洀甀洀 昀愀挀琀漀爀 漀昀 ㈀ 眀椀琀栀 愀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 ㄀　 漀爀 栀椀最栀攀爀⸀  ਀䄀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 洀甀猀琀 猀琀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 琀礀瀀攀 漀爀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ ⠀瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 挀漀猀琀⤀Ⰰ 氀椀猀琀 琀栀攀 愀猀猀甀洀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 猀琀愀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀爀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀搀椀挀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 猀椀稀攀猀 昀漀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀猀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀⸀  ਀吀栀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 椀渀琀漀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 甀渀椀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀猀 搀攀猀椀爀愀戀氀攀 戀甀琀 渀漀琀 愀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀ⴀ洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀뜀ऀ䄀瘀椀漀渀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 搀愀琀愀 栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 椀渀ⴀ瀀甀琀⼀漀甀琀瀀甀琀Ⰰ 昀漀爀洀愀琀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 攀渀挀漀搀椀渀最Ⰰ 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䄀 琀漀 䐀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀⸀ 匀礀猀琀攀洀 氀攀瘀攀氀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瘀漀氀琀愀最攀 氀漀最椀挀 猀眀椀琀挀栀椀渀最Ⰰ 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀ⴀ琀漀氀攀爀愀渀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Sensors and actuators that support guidance, navigation, and control functions such as Sun/Earth sensors, star trackers, inertial reference units, navigation receivers, magnetometers, reaction wheels, magnetic torquers, and attitude thrusters. Technologies with applications to either spin-ning or three axis stable spacecraft are sought. ਀뜀ऀ倀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀漀猀攀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀漀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀眀椀琀挀栀椀渀最 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 瀀漀眀攀爀⸀ 匀礀猀琀攀洀 氀攀瘀攀氀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瘀漀氀琀愀最攀 戀甀猀猀 搀攀猀椀最渀Ⰰ 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀氀攀爀愀渀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 渀漀瘀攀氀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · New and novel application of technologies for manufacturing, integration and test of micro/nano size spacecraft are sought. Limited production runs of up to several hundred spacecraft can be considered. Efficiencies can derive from increased reliability, flexibility in the end-to-end produc-tion process as well as cost, labor and schedule. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀甀椀琀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 洀椀挀爀漀 愀渀搀 渀愀渀漀 猀椀稀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 栀攀愀琀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 爀攀樀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䔀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 氀攀瘀攀氀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 猀洀愀氀氀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 猀攀攀 愀 眀椀搀攀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀愀戀氀攀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 洀愀礀 爀愀渀最攀 昀爀漀洀 氀漀眀 栀攀氀椀漀挀攀渀琀爀椀挀 漀爀戀椀琀猀 琀漀 琀眀漀ⴀ栀漀甀爀 猀栀愀搀漀眀猀⸀  · Elements that support Earth-to-space or space-to-space communications functions are sought. This includes receivers, transmitters, transceivers, transponders, antennas, RF amplifiers and switches. S and X are the target communications bands. ਀뜀ऀ匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 氀攀愀搀 琀漀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀猀琀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 攀砀瀀攀渀猀攀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀⸀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 搀攀爀椀瘀攀 愀搀搀攀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 愀 昀椀砀攀搀 戀愀渀搀眀椀搀琀栀Ⰰ 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 甀琀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 最爀漀甀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 猀琀愀琀甀猀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 猀椀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 攀渀栀愀渀挀椀渀最 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 昀漀爀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀  · Structure and mechanism technologies and material applications that support the micro/nano class of spacecraft are desired. Exoskeleton structures, spin release mechanisms, and bi-stable deploy-ment mechanisms are typical of the desired technology. ਀뜀ऀ倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 搀攀氀琀愀ⴀ嘀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 猀瀀椀渀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 琀栀爀攀攀 愀砀椀猀 猀琀愀戀氀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 猀漀氀椀搀Ⰰ 挀漀氀搀ⴀ最愀猀 愀渀搀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 椀最渀椀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 琀栀爀甀猀琀 瘀攀挀琀漀爀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀Ⰰ 琀愀渀欀猀Ⰰ 瘀愀氀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 渀漀稀稀氀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀  ਀匀㄀⸀　㔀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 匀甀渀ⴀ䔀愀爀琀栀 䌀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀  Lead Center: GSFC ਀ A large number of multiple-spacecraft missions are planned for the future of SEC science. Cost-effective implementation of these missions will require new information technology: tools, systems and architectures for mission planning, implementation, and operations; and science data processing and analysis that facilitates scientific understanding. Specific research areas of interest for these SEC multi-spacecraft missions include but are not limited to: ਀ Information Technology for mission planning and implementation ਀뜀ऀ吀漀漀氀猀 漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 琀攀猀琀 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀㬀  · Tools that capture and represent scientific objectives as drivers for automated systems. ਀ Information Technology for cost-effective multi-satellite mission operations ਀뜀ऀ匀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀漀漀氀猀⼀愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀漀漀氀猀⼀愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 戀漀琀栀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 最爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 愀渀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀㬀  · Agent-mediated grid computing supporting both on-the-ground and/or in-space distributed dy-namic problem-solving; ਀뜀ऀ䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀漀 漀渀ⴀ戀漀愀爀搀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 搀愀琀愀 昀椀氀琀攀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最㬀  · Automated on-board instrument management and control; ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀漀 愀氀氀漀眀 愀 倀䤀 琀漀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀氀礀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀⼀椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀 眀椀琀栀 愀 栀椀最栀氀礀ⴀ愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 最爀漀甀渀搀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 搀愀琀愀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀㬀  · Tools/approaches for inter-spacecraft communication and collaborative activity planning and management; ਀뜀ऀ吀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 猀礀渀挀栀爀漀渀漀甀猀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀㬀  · Tools for optimization of autonomous systems based on scientific objectives; ਀뜀ऀ吀漀漀氀猀 琀漀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀⸀  ਀䐀愀琀愀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀  Items of interest in this area focus on innovative approaches and the tools necessary to support space and solar physics Virtual Observatories (physically distributed heterogeneous science data sources considered as a logical entity) such as: ਀뜀ऀ吀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀愀琀椀挀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀挀挀攀猀猀Ⰰ 愀搀 栀漀挀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀爀椀ⴀ戀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 氀愀爀最攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 栀攀琀攀爀漀最攀渀攀漀甀猀 搀愀琀愀 猀攀琀猀 昀爀漀洀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 猀漀氀愀爀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 搀愀琀愀 挀攀渀琀攀爀猀㬀  · Tools and techniques to significantly improve science data fusion and synthesis from multiple science sources and disciplines; ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀漀漀氀猀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 爀攀琀爀椀攀瘀愀氀 漀昀 栀攀琀攀爀漀最攀渀攀漀甀猀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 搀愀琀愀 猀攀琀猀㬀  · Technologies and tools supporting inclusion of individual researcher provided, ad hoc, science analysis modules as a component of search criteria for remote data mining at space and solar phys-ics data centers; ਀뜀ऀ吀漀漀氀猀 琀漀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀愀琀攀 搀愀琀愀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 昀漀爀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀渀搀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 漀甀琀爀攀愀挀栀⸀  ਀匀㄀⸀　㘀 唀嘀 愀渀搀 䔀唀嘀 伀瀀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 䐀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀  Lead Center: GSFC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀䘀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 匀甀渀✀猀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀✀猀 愀甀爀漀爀愀Ⰰ 爀攀洀漀琀攀 椀洀愀最椀渀最Ⰰ 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀猀挀漀瀀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀洀攀琀爀礀 愀琀 甀氀琀爀愀瘀椀漀氀攀琀 ⠀唀嘀⤀ 愀渀搀 攀砀琀爀攀洀攀 甀氀琀爀愀瘀椀漀氀攀琀 ⠀䔀唀嘀⤀ 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀猀 愀爀攀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 琀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 猀琀甀搀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 匀甀渀ⴀ䔀愀爀琀栀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䄀 昀愀爀 甀氀琀爀愀瘀椀漀氀攀琀 ⠀䘀唀嘀⤀ 爀愀渀最攀 椀猀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀漀猀攀搀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 唀嘀 愀渀搀 䔀唀嘀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 琀攀爀洀椀ⴀ渀漀氀漀最礀 椀猀 愀爀戀椀琀爀愀爀礀㨀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀琀椀渀攀渀琀 昀甀氀氀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀 椀猀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 ㈀　ⴀ㌀　　 渀洀⸀  ਀倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀礀 椀渀琀攀渀搀 琀漀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀爀琀 椀渀 漀渀攀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀  ਀䤀洀愀最椀渀最 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀  · Large aperture: 1-4 m ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀 洀愀猀猀㨀 㔀ⴀ㈀　 欀最 洀ⴀ㈀  · Accurate figure: ~0.01 wave rms or better at 632 nm. Figure accuracy must be maintained through launch and on orbit (including, for mirrors subjected to direct or concentrated solar radiation, the effects of differential heating). ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀 洀椀挀爀漀爀漀甀最栀渀攀猀猀㨀 縀㄀ 渀洀 爀洀猀 漀爀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 漀渀 猀挀愀氀攀猀 戀攀氀漀眀 ㄀ 洀洀⸀  ਀伀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀愀琀椀渀最猀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 昀椀氀琀攀爀猀  · Coatings (filters) with improved reflectivity (transmission) and selectivity (narrow bands, broad bands, or edges). Technologies include (but are not limited to) multilayer coatings, transmission gratings, and Fabry-Pérot étalons. ਀ Diffraction gratings ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 最爀漀漀瘀攀 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀 ⠀㸀 㐀　　　 洀洀ⴀ㄀⤀ 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 爀攀猀漀氀瘀椀渀最 瀀漀眀攀爀 椀渀 挀漀渀樀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀ⴀ愀戀氀攀 昀漀挀愀氀 氀攀渀最琀栀猀 愀渀搀 瀀椀砀攀氀 猀椀稀攀猀  · High efficiency and low scattter (microroughness) ਀뜀ऀ嘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀 氀椀渀攀 猀瀀愀挀椀渀最  · Echelle gratings ਀뜀ऀ䄀挀琀椀瘀攀 最爀愀琀椀渀最猀 ⠀爀攀瀀氀椀挀愀琀攀搀 漀渀琀漀 搀攀昀漀爀洀愀戀氀攀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀⤀  ਀䐀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀  · Large format (4K x 4K and larger)਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀  · Small pixel size ਀뜀ऀ䰀愀爀最攀 眀攀氀氀 搀攀瀀琀栀  · Low read noise ਀뜀ऀ䘀愀猀琀 爀攀愀搀漀甀琀  · Low power consumption (including readout) ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀爀椀渀猀椀挀 攀渀攀爀最礀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 搀椀猀挀爀椀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 ⠀㌀搀 漀爀 㐀搀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀⤀  · Active pixel sensors (back-illumination, UV sensitivity) ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 匀㈀ 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 䔀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀  ਀吀栀攀 最漀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀✀猀 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 䔀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 ⠀匀䔀唀⤀ 吀栀攀洀攀 椀猀 琀漀 猀攀攀欀 琀栀攀 愀渀猀眀攀爀 琀漀 琀栀爀攀攀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀猀㨀 ㄀⤀ 圀栀愀琀 椀猀 琀栀攀 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 愀渀搀 眀栀愀琀 椀猀 漀甀爀 䌀漀猀洀椀挀 䐀攀猀琀椀渀礀㼀 ㈀⤀ 圀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 挀礀挀氀攀猀 漀昀 洀愀琀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 攀渀攀爀最礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀瘀漀氀瘀椀渀最 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀㼀 ㌀⤀ 圀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 甀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀 氀椀洀椀琀猀 漀昀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 攀渀攀爀最礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀㼀 匀䔀唀ᤀ猠 猀琀爀愀琀攀最礀 昀漀爀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 琀栀椀猀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀瘀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀猀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀攀搀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 昀漀甀爀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 儀甀攀猀琀猀Ⰰ 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 琀漀 愀渀猀眀攀爀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀猀㨀 ㄀⤀ 䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 搀愀爀欀 洀愀琀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 氀攀愀爀渀 栀漀眀 椀琀 猀栀愀瀀攀猀 最愀氀愀砀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 漀昀 最愀氀愀砀椀攀猀Ⰰ ㈀⤀ 䔀砀瀀氀漀爀攀 眀栀攀爀攀 愀渀搀 眀栀攀渀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 洀愀搀攀Ⰰ ㌀⤀ 唀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀礀挀氀攀猀 椀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 洀愀琀琀攀爀 Ⰰ 攀渀攀爀最礀 愀渀搀 洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 昀椀攀氀搀猀 愀爀攀 攀砀挀栀愀渀最攀搀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 猀琀愀爀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 最愀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 猀琀愀爀猀Ⰰ 㐀⤀ 䐀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀 栀漀眀 最愀猀 昀氀漀眀猀 椀渀 搀椀猀欀猀 愀渀搀 栀漀眀 挀漀猀洀椀挀 樀攀琀猀 昀漀爀洀攀搀Ⰰ 㔀⤀ 䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 琀栀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 漀昀 最愀洀洀愀ⴀ爀愀礀 戀甀爀猀琀猀 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀 攀渀攀爀最礀 挀漀猀洀椀挀 爀愀礀猀 愀渀搀 㘀⤀䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀 栀漀眀 猀琀爀漀渀最 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀猀 渀攀愀爀 戀氀愀挀欀 栀漀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 栀漀眀 椀琀 愀昀昀攀挀琀猀 琀栀攀 攀愀爀氀礀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀⸀  ਀匀㈀⸀　㄀ 匀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 䐀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 䄀猀琀爀漀瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀  Lead Center: JPL਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䜀匀䘀䌀  ਀䘀甀琀甀爀攀 一䄀匀䄀 愀猀琀爀漀瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 氀椀欀攀 匀漀昀椀愀Ⰰ 䠀攀爀猀挀栀攀氀Ⰰ 倀氀愀渀挀欀Ⰰ 䘀䄀䤀刀Ⰰ 䴀䄀堀䤀䴀Ⰰ 䔀堀䤀匀吀 愀渀搀 䄀刀䤀匀䔀 ⠀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀瀀愀挀攀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⼀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀⤀ 渀攀攀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀⸀ 䈀攀礀漀渀搀 ㈀　　㜀Ⰰ 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 愀氀氀漀眀 琀栀攀 䘀椀氀氀攀搀 䄀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 䤀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 ⠀䘀䄀䤀刀⤀ 琀漀 攀砀琀攀渀搀 䠀匀吀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀 愀渀搀 昀愀爀 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 ⠀㐀　ⴀ㔀　　 洀椀挀爀漀渀⤀ 爀攀最椀漀渀㬀 琀栀攀 䴀椀挀爀漀䄀爀挀猀攀挀漀渀搀 堀ⴀ爀愀礀 䤀洀愀最椀渀最 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀 倀愀琀栀昀椀渀搀攀爀 ⠀䴀䄀堀䤀䴀⤀ 眀椀氀氀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 昀攀愀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 砀ⴀ爀愀礀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀爀礀 眀椀琀栀 愀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 ㄀　　 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ愀爀挀 猀攀挀漀渀搀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 㔀　　　 琀椀洀攀猀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀攀 䌀栀愀渀搀爀愀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀漀爀礀㬀 琀栀攀 䔀渀攀爀最攀琀椀挀 堀ⴀ爀愀礀 䤀洀愀最椀渀最 匀甀爀瘀攀礀 吀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀 ⠀䔀堀䤀匀吀⤀ 眀椀氀氀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 栀椀最栀 猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀氀氀ⴀ猀欀礀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 猀甀爀瘀攀礀 愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀搀漀洀椀渀愀渀琀氀礀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 ⠀砀ⴀ爀愀礀⤀ 愀渀搀 渀漀渀ⴀ琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 ⠀最愀洀洀愀ⴀ爀愀礀⤀ 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀椀渀最 愀 眀椀搀攀ⴀ昀椀攀氀搀 挀漀搀攀搀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀 愀爀爀愀礀㬀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䄀刀䤀匀䔀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 眀椀氀氀 挀爀攀愀琀攀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 爀愀搀椀漀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀猀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 漀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀⸀  ਀匀瀀愀挀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 愀渀搀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀  ਀䴀椀搀⼀䤀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀⼀䘀愀爀 䤀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀⼀匀甀戀洀椀氀氀椀洀攀琀攀爀  Future space-based observatories in the 10 to 40 micron spectral regime will be passively cooled to about 30K. They will make use of large sensitive detector arrays with low-power dissipation array readout electronics. Improvements in sensitivity, stability, array size and power consumption are sought. In particular, novel doping approaches to extend wavelength response, lower dark current and readout noise, novel energy discrimination approaches, and low noise superconductng electronics are applicable areas. Future space observatories in the 40 micron to 1 mm spectral regime will be cooled to even lower tempera-tures, frequently <10K, greatly reducing background noise from the telescope. In order to take advantage of this potentially huge gain in sensitivity, improved far infrared/submillimeter detector arrays are required. The goal is to provide noise equivalent power less than 10^(-20) W Hz-1/2 over most of the spectral range in a 100x100 pixel detector array, with low-power dissipation array readout electronics. The ideal detector element would count individual photons and provide some energy discrimination. For detailed line mapping (e.g., C+ at 158 micron), heterodyne receiver arrays are desireable, operating in the same frequency range near the quantum limit. ਀ X-ray/Gamma-ray ਀䰀愀爀最攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀 最愀猀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 眀椀琀栀 ∀氀漀戀猀琀攀爀 攀礀攀∀ 砀ⴀ爀愀礀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀⸀ 䐀攀猀椀爀愀戀氀攀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀 氀漀眀 攀渀攀爀最礀 戀愀渀搀ⴀ瀀愀猀猀 ⠀　⸀㈀㔀 ⴀ 㐀 欀攀嘀⤀Ⰰ 氀愀爀最攀 愀爀攀愀 ⠀㸀 ㄀　 挀洀⤀Ⰰ 最漀漀搀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 ⠀㰀 ㌀　　 洀椀挀爀漀渀猀⤀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 爀攀愀搀ⴀ漀甀琀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀攀搀 漀渀 漀爀 戀漀渀搀攀搀 琀漀 琀眀漀 搀椀洀攀渀猀椀漀渀愀氀 琀栀椀渀 昀椀氀洀 琀爀愀渀猀椀猀琀漀爀 愀爀爀愀礀猀⤀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 琀漀 ㌀ 搀椀洀攀渀猀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 氀愀爀最攀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀猀 ⠀洀攀琀攀爀 猀挀愀氀攀⤀ 昀漀爀 最愀洀洀愀ⴀ爀愀礀 琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最⸀ 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 愀爀攀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 椀渀 氀漀眀 爀愀琀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 洀愀欀椀渀最 戀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 猀甀瀀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀⸀ 䘀漀爀 猀漀昀琀 砀ⴀ爀愀礀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 搀椀猀琀椀渀最甀椀猀栀椀渀最 砀ⴀ爀愀礀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 昀爀漀洀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 琀爀愀挀欀猀 椀猀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 昀漀爀 最愀洀洀愀ⴀ爀愀礀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 爀攀挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀 攀瘀攀渀琀猀 瘀椀愀 琀爀愀挀欀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀⸀  ਀匀瀀愀挀攀 嘀攀爀礀 䰀漀渀最 䈀愀猀攀氀椀渀攀 䤀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀爀礀 ⠀嘀䰀䈀䤀⤀   The next generations of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) missions in space will demand greatly improved sensitivity over current missions. These new missions will also operate at much higher frequen-cies (at first to 86 GHz and eventually to 600 GHz). These thrusts will require development of improved space-borne low-power ultra-low-noise amplifiers to serve as primary receiving instruments. ਀ ਀  S2.02 Terrestrial and Extra-Terrestrial Balloons and Aerobots ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀匀䘀䌀 Participating Center(s): JPL ਀ Innovations in materials, structures, and systems concepts have enabled buoyant vehicles to play an expanding role in NASA's Space and Earth Science Enterprises. A new generation of large, stratospheric balloons based on advanced balloon envelope technologies will be able to deliver payloads of several thousand kilograms to above 99.9% of the Earth's absorbing atmosphere and maintain them there for months of continuous observation. Smaller scale but similarly designed balloons and airships will also carry scientific payloads on Mars, Venus, Titan, and the outer planets in order to investigate their atmos-pheres in situ and their surfaces from close proximity. Their envelopes will be subject to extreme environments and must support missions with a range of durations. Robotic balloons, known as aerobots, have a wide range of potential applications both on Earth and on other solar system bodies. NASA is seeking innovative and cost effective solutions in support of terrestrial and extra-terrestrial balloons and aerobots in the following areas: ਀ Stratospheric Long Duration Balloon (LDB) Support ਀ Materials ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀攀洀戀爀愀渀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 䰀漀渀最 䐀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 䈀愀氀氀漀漀渀 ⠀䰀䐀䈀⤀ 愀渀搀 唀氀琀爀愀 䰀漀渀最 䐀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 䈀愀氀氀漀漀渀 ⠀唀䰀䐀䈀⤀ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 猀栀愀氀氀 洀攀攀琀 愀氀氀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀Ⰰ 搀攀猀椀最渀Ⰰ 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀椀戀氀攀 椀渀 氀愀爀最攀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 愀 氀愀礀 昀氀愀琀 眀椀搀琀栀 漀昀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 ㄀⸀㘀 洀攀琀攀爀猀⸀  · Innovative concepts for reducing the UV degradation of flight components including balloon membranes, load carrying members, and parachute components. ਀ Support Systems ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 琀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 昀漀爀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 洀愀渀攀甀瘀攀爀椀渀最 氀愀爀最攀 琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 愀渀搀 猀洀愀氀氀 攀砀琀爀愀ⴀ琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 愀攀爀漀戀漀琀猀 椀渀 戀漀琀栀 琀栀攀 栀漀爀椀稀漀渀琀愀氀 氀愀琀椀琀甀搀攀 愀渀搀 瘀攀爀琀椀挀愀氀 愀氀琀椀琀甀搀攀 瀀氀愀渀攀猀⸀  · Innovative low mass, high density and high efficiency power systems for terrestrial balloons that produce 2 kW or more continuously. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 氀漀渀最 搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀甀渀氀椀最栀琀 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 愀 搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 ㌀　 搀愀礀猀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀⸀  · Innovative, low cost, low power, low mass, precision instrument pointing systems that permit arcsecond or better accuracy. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 挀漀猀琀 瀀栀愀猀攀搀 愀爀爀愀礀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 吀䐀刀匀匀 爀攀琀甀爀渀 氀椀渀欀 匀ⴀ䈀愀渀搀 漀爀 䬀甀ⴀ䈀愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Innovative sensor concepts for balloon gas or skin temperature measurements. ਀ Design and Fabrication ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀Ⰰ 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀猀琀ⴀ攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀瀀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 唀䰀䐀䈀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀⸀  · Innovative balloon design concepts for ULDB missions that can provide any or all of the follow-ing: ਀ⴀऀ刀攀搀甀挀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 - Increase reliability਀ⴀऀ䔀渀栀愀渀挀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀  - Reduce manufacturing time ਀ⴀऀ刀攀搀甀挀攀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最 挀漀猀琀  - Improve mission flexibility ਀ Titan missions support ਀吀椀琀愀渀 椀猀 琀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 氀愀爀最攀猀琀 洀漀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀漀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 漀渀攀 琀栀愀琀 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀猀 愀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀氀礀 搀攀渀猀攀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 昀漀爀 戀甀漀礀愀渀琀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀⸀ 吀愀爀最攀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 䌀愀猀猀椀渀椀ⴀ䠀甀礀最攀渀猀 椀渀 ㈀　　㐀 愀渀搀 戀攀礀漀渀搀Ⰰ 吀椀琀愀渀 椀猀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 愀 最攀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀氀礀 搀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 眀漀爀氀搀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 挀氀甀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 渀愀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 瀀爀攀戀椀漀琀椀挀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀⸀ 一䄀匀䄀 椀猀 猀琀愀爀琀椀渀最 琀漀 氀愀礀 琀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀 眀漀爀欀 昀漀爀 瀀漀猀琀ⴀ䌀愀猀猀椀渀椀ⴀ䠀甀礀最攀渀猀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 漀昀 吀椀琀愀渀 甀猀椀渀最 栀椀最栀氀礀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀Ⰰ 猀攀氀昀ⴀ瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀攀搀 愀攀爀漀戀漀琀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 猀甀爀瘀攀礀椀渀最 洀愀渀礀 眀椀搀攀氀礀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀搀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀渀 吀椀琀愀渀 愀渀搀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 猀愀洀瀀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 猀攀愀氀椀渀最 ⠀爀攀瀀愀椀爀椀渀最⤀ 猀洀愀氀氀 栀漀氀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀 攀渀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀 洀愀琀攀ⴀ爀椀愀氀 搀甀爀椀渀最 昀氀椀最栀琀 愀琀 吀椀琀愀渀⸀ 刀攀瀀愀椀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 栀漀氀攀猀 洀愀礀 戀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 氀漀渀最 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 氀椀昀攀琀椀洀攀猀 ⠀㘀ⴀ㄀㈀ 洀漀渀琀栀猀⤀ 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 愀琀 吀椀琀愀渀⸀ 䄀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀 攀渀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 吀椀琀愀渀 栀愀猀 渀漀琀 礀攀琀 戀攀攀渀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀攀搀Ⰰ 爀攀瀀愀椀爀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀攀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 挀漀洀瀀愀琀椀戀氀攀 眀椀琀栀 瀀漀氀礀洀攀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 㤀　 䬀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 椀洀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 戀攀 氀漀眀 洀愀猀猀 ⠀漀渀 琀栀攀 漀爀搀攀爀 漀昀 愀 昀攀眀 欀椀氀漀最爀愀洀猀⤀ 愀渀搀 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀 ⠀愀 昀攀眀 圀愀琀琀猀⤀⸀  · Concepts and devices for the processing of atmospheric methane into hydrogen gas and its use as a makeup gas to compensate for leakage during operational flight at Titan. It is imperative that proposed solutions be low mass (on the order of a few kilograms) and low power (a few Watts). ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀 瀀攀爀洀攀愀琀椀漀渀 攀渀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 ㄀　　ⴀ㄀㔀　 最⼀洀㈀ 漀爀 氀攀猀猀 愀氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 猀攀愀洀椀渀最 愀瀀ⴀ瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 礀椀攀氀搀 愀椀爀猀栀椀瀀 栀甀氀氀猀 猀甀椀琀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀琀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 㤀　 䬀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 猀琀漀爀愀戀氀攀 椀渀 愀 搀攀渀猀攀氀礀 瀀愀挀欀攀搀 挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 㜀ⴀ㄀　 礀攀愀爀 挀爀甀椀猀攀 琀漀 吀椀琀愀渀⸀  ਀嘀攀渀甀猀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀  Venus is the second planet from the Sun and features a dense, CO2 atmosphere completely covered by clouds. Although already explored by various orbiters and short-lived atmospheric probes and landers, Venus retains many secrets pertaining to its formation and evolution. NASA believes future Venus exploration will include longer duration in situ platforms such as balloons that can fly under the clouds. Innovative technologies are sought in the following areas: ਀ · Concepts and materials for high temperature Venus balloon envelopes including the seaming tech-nology required for balloon fabrication. These materials must be storable in a packaged condition for up to 1 year, have an areal density in the range of 50-150 g/m2 and be compatible with the Ve-nus environment of up to 460º C and sulphuric acid aerosols. Materials for both zero-pressure and superpressure balloons are desired with sizes in each ranging from 5 to 20 m in diameter. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 嘀攀渀甀猀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀猀⸀ 唀渀氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀 嘀䔀䜀䄀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀猀 昀氀漀眀渀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀漀瘀椀攀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 甀瀀瀀攀爀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀 漀昀 嘀攀渀甀猀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㠀㔀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 嘀攀渀甀猀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 漀昀 氀椀昀琀椀渀最 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 甀瀀瀀攀爀 愀琀洀漀猀ⴀ瀀栀攀爀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀猀 眀椀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 愀猀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 愀戀漀瘀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀栀漀爀琀 氀椀昀攀琀椀洀攀 漀昀 氀愀渀搀攀搀 愀猀猀攀琀猀 漀渀 嘀攀渀甀猀 挀漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀猀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀漀 戀攀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 氀愀甀渀挀栀ⴀ漀渀ⴀ搀攀洀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀 琀漀氀攀爀愀渀琀 漀昀 嘀攀渀甀猀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 眀椀渀搀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 琀栀漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 戀攀 甀瀀 琀漀 ㄀⸀㔀 洀⼀猀⸀  ਀匀㈀⸀　㌀ 䴀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 䌀漀漀爀搀椀渀愀琀攀搀 伀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀漀爀椀攀猀  Lead Center: GSFC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䨀倀䰀  ਀䄀 爀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 琀愀欀椀渀最 瀀氀愀挀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 眀愀礀 眀攀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀 愀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 搀攀挀愀搀攀 眀椀氀氀 戀爀椀渀最 漀瘀攀爀 ㈀　 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 挀漀漀爀搀椀渀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 漀戀猀攀爀瘀椀渀最 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 瘀椀爀琀甀愀氀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 ⠀嘀倀猀⤀ 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 瘀攀爀礀 氀漀渀最 戀愀猀攀氀椀渀攀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀ⴀ爀椀挀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 漀昀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 猀挀攀渀攀猀Ⰰ 琀椀洀攀ⴀ猀礀渀挀栀爀漀渀漀甀猀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀栀攀渀漀洀攀渀愀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀 琀漀 渀愀洀攀 愀 昀攀眀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀椀氀氀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 甀渀搀攀爀 瘀椀爀琀甀愀氀 椀渀昀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀ⴀ琀甀爀攀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀椀渀最 琀漀 挀栀愀渀最椀渀最 渀攀攀搀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 眀栀椀氀攀 攀瘀漀氀瘀椀渀最 漀瘀攀爀 琀椀洀攀 琀漀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀 渀攀眀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 刀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 猀挀攀渀愀爀椀漀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀攀搀 猀愀琀攀氀氀椀琀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 最攀漀洀攀琀爀礀 愀琀 欀攀礀 瀀漀椀渀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀漀琀椀漀渀 愀洀漀渀最 挀漀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀椀渀最 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 漀爀戀椀琀Ⰰ 漀爀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀琀琀椀琀甀搀攀 昀漀爀 琀愀爀最攀琀椀渀最 猀琀愀爀琀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀漀椀渀琀猀 搀椀猀琀愀渀琀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀漀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀漀爀攀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最椀渀最 猀挀攀渀愀爀椀漀猀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀 琀栀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 眀愀瘀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 漀昀 戀氀愀挀欀 栀漀氀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 栀愀瘀攀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 漀爀搀攀爀 漀昀 渀愀渀漀ⴀ 漀爀 攀瘀攀渀 瀀椀挀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 愀琀 琀攀渀猀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀猀愀渀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀瘀攀渀 洀椀氀氀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 欀椀氀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 愀瀀愀爀琀⸀ 䘀爀攀焀甀攀渀琀氀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀猀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 最漀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 猀攀渀猀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 漀爀椀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䄀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 漀昀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 瀀漀椀渀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀栀愀猀椀渀最 漀昀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀漀 愀 琀愀爀最攀琀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 漀爀 挀漀漀爀搀椀渀愀琀攀搀 瀀漀椀渀琀椀渀最 ⠀瀀漀椀渀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 搀愀琀愀 昀爀漀洀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 猀攀氀攀挀琀攀搀 愀渀最氀攀猀⤀ 愀爀攀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 琀漀 洀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 猀挀攀渀愀爀椀漀猀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 戀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀 漀昀 攀愀挀栀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 戀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀 漀昀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀氀氀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 琀栀攀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 洀愀最渀椀琀甀搀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 爀攀琀甀爀渀⸀  ਀吀栀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀漀爀搀椀渀愀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀猀 栀愀瘀攀 渀攀挀攀猀猀椀琀愀琀攀搀 愀 洀愀樀漀爀 挀栀愀渀最攀 椀渀 栀漀眀 眀攀 愀渀愀氀礀稀攀Ⰰ 搀攀猀椀最渀Ⰰ 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀漀爀椀攀猀⸀ 䤀渀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀Ⰰ 椀渀 洀愀渀礀 挀愀猀攀猀Ⰰ 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ挀爀愀昀琀 戀甀猀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀攀爀攀 愀琀 漀渀攀 琀椀洀攀 瘀椀爀琀甀愀氀氀礀 搀攀挀漀甀瀀氀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀 漀爀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 渀漀眀 昀甀氀氀礀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 昀甀氀氀礀 挀漀甀瀀氀攀搀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 挀愀猀攀 昀漀爀 愀 眀椀搀攀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀ⴀ漀洀攀琀爀礀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀䤀渀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 眀攀 椀渀瘀椀琀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 愀 欀攀礀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ愀爀挀猀攀挀漀渀搀 挀氀愀猀猀 椀洀愀最椀渀最⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 眀攀 愀爀攀 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀  ਀뜀ऀ匀攀渀猀漀爀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀渀搀 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 ⠀琀漀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 渀漀瘀攀氀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀椀渀最 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 猀琀愀爀 琀爀愀挀欀攀爀猀⤀ 眀栀椀挀栀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 氀椀渀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ猀椀最栀琀 ⠀䰀伀匀⤀ 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀漀 愀渀 椀渀攀爀琀椀愀氀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 琀漀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ愀爀挀猀攀挀漀渀搀 挀氀愀猀猀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀 愀氀漀渀最 琀栀攀 䰀伀匀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 ㄀　　ᤀ猠 琀漀 ㄀　Ⰰ　　　ᤀ猠 漀昀 欀椀氀漀洀攀ⴀ琀攀爀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 䰀伀匀 椀猀 搀攀昀椀渀攀搀 渀漀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 愀琀琀椀琀甀搀攀 漀爀 漀爀椀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 戀甀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 愀渀最氀攀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 愀 氀椀渀攀 搀爀愀眀渀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 昀漀挀愀氀 瀀氀愀渀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 氀椀渀攀 愀氀漀渀最 琀栀攀 昀漀挀愀氀 氀攀渀最琀栀 漀昀 愀 搀椀猀ⴀ琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀椀渀最 漀昀 猀甀戀ⴀ攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀渀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀⸀  · Control architectures and algorithms to control the LOS to micro-arcsecond tolerances. ਀뜀ऀ一漀瘀攀氀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 搀攀猀椀最渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䰀伀匀⸀  ਀䤀渀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀Ⰰ 眀攀 愀爀攀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 爀漀戀甀猀琀Ⰰ 昀愀甀氀琀ⴀ琀漀氀攀爀愀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀愀琀 氀攀愀搀 琀漀 愀昀昀漀爀搀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀戀氀攀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀  ਀匀㈀⸀　㐀 䌀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀  Lead Center: GSFC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䄀刀䌀Ⰰ 䨀倀䰀Ⰰ 䨀匀䌀Ⰰ 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀䌀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 栀愀瘀攀 氀漀渀最 戀攀攀渀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 挀甀琀琀椀渀最 攀搀最攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀琀 栀椀最栀 挀漀猀琀 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 氀椀昀攀琀椀洀攀⸀ 䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀 愀琀 氀漀眀攀爀 挀漀猀琀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 氀漀眀攀爀 爀椀猀欀⸀ 䈀漀琀栀 琀栀攀 氀椀昀攀琀椀洀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀猀⸀ 伀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 挀漀漀氀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 挀漀漀氀椀渀最 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀漀漀氀攀爀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 氀漀渀最 氀椀昀攀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瘀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀氀礀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 挀漀漀氀攀爀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 㐀ⴀ㄀　 䬀攀氀瘀椀渀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 㔀　 洀椀氀氀椀ⴀ䬀攀氀瘀椀渀 愀渀搀 戀攀氀漀眀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀ⴀ昀爀攀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 挀漀漀氀攀爀猀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀⸀  · Essentially vibration-free cooling systems such as reverse Brayton cycle cooler technologies ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀氀礀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀Ⰰ 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 挀漀猀琀 匀琀椀爀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀甀氀猀攀 琀甀戀攀 挀漀漀氀攀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㄀㔀䬀Ⰰ ㌀㔀䬀 愀渀搀 㜀　䬀 爀攀最椀漀渀猀⸀  · Highly efficient magnetic and dilution cooling technologies, particularly at very low temperatures ਀뜀ऀ䠀礀戀爀椀搀 挀漀漀氀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀欀攀 漀瀀琀椀洀愀氀 甀猀攀 漀昀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀漀氀攀爀猀⸀  · Miniature, MEMS and solid-state cooler systems. ਀ ਀匀㈀⸀　㔀 伀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  Lead Center: GSFC਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䨀倀䰀Ⰰ 䴀匀䘀䌀  ਀吀栀攀 一䄀匀䄀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 椀猀 猀琀甀搀礀椀渀最 昀甀琀甀爀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 䔀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 ⠀匀䔀唀⤀⸀ 吀漀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀Ⰰ 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 氀愀爀最攀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀漀爀椀攀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 琀漀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀攀 挀漀猀洀椀挀 瀀栀攀渀漀洀攀渀愀 昀爀漀洀 爀愀搀椀漀 眀愀瘀攀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 栀椀最栀攀猀琀 攀渀攀爀最礀 挀漀猀洀椀挀 爀愀礀猀⸀ 䤀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀漀爀椀攀猀 愀琀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀 ⠀琀漀 㐀䬀⤀ 戀攀礀漀渀搀 最攀漀ⴀ猀礀渀挀栀爀漀渀漀甀猀 漀爀戀椀琀猀⸀ 䄀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀猀 昀漀爀 渀漀爀洀愀氀 椀渀挀椀搀攀渀挀攀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 甀瀀 琀漀 㐀　 洀 椀渀 搀椀愀洀攀琀攀爀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 最爀愀稀椀渀最 椀渀挀椀搀攀渀挀攀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀猀 甀瀀 琀漀 ㄀　 洀 椀渀 搀椀愀洀攀琀攀爀⸀ 䘀漀爀 猀漀洀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀猀攀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 昀漀爀洀 愀 挀漀渀猀琀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀猀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 愀猀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀漀爀椀攀猀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀猀 甀瀀 琀漀 ㄀　　　 洀 搀椀愀洀攀琀攀爀⸀ 䰀漀眀 洀愀猀猀 漀昀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 洀椀爀爀漀爀Ⰰ 椀琀猀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀洀攀渀琀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 椀猀 攀砀琀爀攀洀攀氀礀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀⸀ 䤀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 洀攀攀琀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀椀渀最攀渀琀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 愀氀椀最渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 琀漀氀攀爀愀渀挀攀猀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 昀漀爀 愀 栀椀最栀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀 愀渀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀猀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 昀爀漀洀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 愀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀 昀漀爀 椀洀愀最攀 搀攀最爀愀搀椀渀最 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 椀渀猀椀搀攀 愀渀搀 漀甀琀猀椀搀攀 琀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 氀愀爀最攀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 琀栀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 眀愀瘀攀昀爀漀渀琀Ⰰ 琀礀瀀椀挀愀氀氀礀 愀琀 氀漀眀 琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀氀 戀愀渀搀眀椀搀琀栀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䜀爀愀稀椀渀最 椀渀挀椀搀攀渀挀攀 昀漀挀甀猀椀渀最 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 甀瀀 琀漀 ㄀㔀　 欀攀嘀  · Large, ultra-lightweight grazing incidence optics for x-ray mirrors with angular resolutions less than 5 arcsec. ਀뜀ऀ圀椀搀攀 昀椀攀氀搀 漀昀 瘀椀攀眀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀 甀猀椀渀最 猀焀甀愀爀攀 瀀漀爀攀 猀氀甀洀瀀攀搀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ挀栀愀渀渀攀氀 瀀氀愀琀攀猀 漀爀 攀焀甀椀瘀愀氀攀渀琀  · Develop fabrication techniques for ultra-thin-flat silicon (or like material) for grating substrates for x-ray energies < 0.5 keV ਀뜀ऀ䰀愀爀最攀 愀爀攀愀 琀栀椀渀 戀氀漀挀欀椀渀最 昀椀氀琀攀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀最栀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 愀琀 氀漀眀 攀渀攀爀最礀 砀ⴀ爀愀礀 攀渀攀爀最椀攀猀 ⠀㰀 㘀　　 攀嘀⤀⸀  · Ultraviolet filters with deep blocking (<1 part in 105) of longer and shorter wavelengths, including "solar blind" performance; novel near to far IR filters with increased bandwidth, stability, and out of band blocking performance ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 渀漀瘀攀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀椀渀最 甀氀琀爀愀ⴀ氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀ⴀ瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 搀椀愀洀漀渀搀 琀甀爀渀攀搀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 昀爀攀攀昀漀爀洀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 甀氀琀爀愀ⴀ猀洀漀漀琀栀 ⠀㈀ⴀ㌀ 愀渀最猀琀爀漀洀猀 爀洀猀⤀ 爀攀瀀氀椀挀愀琀攀搀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 戀漀琀栀 爀椀最椀搀 愀渀搀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀⸀ 䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 栀椀最栀 洀漀搀甀氀甀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 猀椀氀椀挀漀渀 挀愀爀戀椀搀攀⤀ 漀瀀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀⸀  · High-performance (e.g., high modulus, low density, high thermal conductivity) materials and fab-rication processes for ultra-lightweight, high precision (e.g., subarcsecond resolution or <=1 nm figure quality) optics. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 氀愀爀最攀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀猀琀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 洀攀琀爀漀氀漀最礀 昀攀攀搀戀愀挀欀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀爀琀椀昀椀挀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀挀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀攀搀 猀礀猀ⴀ琀攀洀猀⸀  · Large, ultra-lightweight optical mirrors including membrane optics for very large aperture space telescopes and interferometers ਀뜀ऀ䌀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀 昀漀爀 猀瀀愀挀攀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀  · Ultra-precise, low mass deployable structures to reduce launch volume for large-aperture space telescopes and interferometers ਀뜀ऀ匀攀最洀攀渀琀攀搀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀最栀ⴀ瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀猀㬀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 愀搀愀瀀琀椀瘀攀 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀㬀 猀栀愀瀀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 搀攀昀漀爀洀愀戀氀攀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀㬀 椀洀愀最攀 猀琀愀戀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀  · Advanced, wavefront sensing and control systems including image based wavefront sensors ਀뜀ऀ圀愀瘀攀昀爀漀渀琀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀 昀漀爀 氀愀爀最攀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 洀攀洀戀爀愀渀攀 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀昀爀愀挀琀漀爀猀 ⠀挀甀爀瘀攀搀 氀攀渀猀攀猀Ⰰ 䘀爀攀猀渀攀氀 氀攀渀猀攀猀Ⰰ 搀椀昀昀爀愀挀琀椀瘀攀 氀攀渀猀攀猀⤀⸀  · Nanometer to sub-picometer metrology for space telescopes and interferometers ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 甀氀琀爀愀ⴀ猀琀愀戀氀攀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀 漀瘀攀爀 琀椀洀攀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀猀 昀爀漀洀 洀椀渀甀琀攀猀 琀漀 栀漀甀爀猀  · Advanced analytical models, simulations, and evaluation techniques and new integrations of suites of existing software tools allowing a broader and more in-depth evaluation of design alternatives and identification of optimum system parameters including optical, thermal, structural, and dy-namic performance of large space telescopes and interferometers ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 瀀漀爀琀愀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀攀搀 猀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ愀爀琀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 爀愀瀀椀搀Ⰰ 氀愀爀最攀ⴀ愀爀攀愀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀ⴀ爀漀甀最栀渀攀猀猀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 挀愀氀椀ⴀ戀爀愀琀攀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 昀漀爀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 爀漀甀最栀渀攀猀猀 甀猀椀渀最 爀攀瀀氀椀挀愀猀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 愀挀琀甀愀氀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀⸀ 吀爀愀挀攀愀戀氀攀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 爀漀甀最栀渀攀猀猀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀猀 猀甀椀琀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀渀最 瀀爀漀昀椀氀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 漀瘀攀爀 猀甀戀ⴀ洀椀挀爀漀渀 琀漀 洀椀氀氀椀洀攀琀攀爀 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀 爀愀渀最攀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀  · Develop instruments capable of rapidly determining the approximate surface roughness of an opti-cal surface, allowing modification of process parameters to improve finish, without the need to remove the optic from the polishing machine. Techniques for testing the figure of large, convex aspheric surfaces to fractional wave tolerances in the visible are needed. ਀ S2.06 Advanced Photon Detectors ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀匀䘀䌀 Participating Center(s): MSFC ਀ The next generation of astrophysics observatories for the infrared, ultraviolet UV, x-ray, and gamma-ray bands require order-of-magnitude performance advances in detectors, detector arrays, readout electronics and other supporting and enabling technologies. Although the relative value of the improvements may differ among the four energy regions, many of the parameters where improvements are needed are present in all four bands. In particular, all bands need improvements in spatial and spectral resolutions, in the ability to cover large areas, and in the ability to support the readout of the thousands/millions of resultant spatial resolution elements. ਀ Innovative technologies are sought to enhance the scope, efficiency and resolution of instrument systems at all energies/wavelengths: ਀ · The next generation of gravitational missions will require greatly improved inertial sensors. Such an inertial sensor must provide a carefully fabricated test mass which has interactions with exter-nal forces (i.e., low magnetic susceptibility, high degree of symmetry, low variation in electrostatic surface potential, etc.) below 10-16 of the Earth's gravity, over time scales from sev-eral seconds to several hours. The inertial sensor must also provide a housing for containing the proof mass in a suitable environment (i.e., high vacuum, low magnetic and electrostatic potentials, etc.). ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䌀䌀䐀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 唀嘀 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 愀渀搀 爀攀愀搀 渀漀椀猀攀Ⰰ 琀漀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 琀栀攀 氀椀洀椀琀椀渀最 猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 椀渀 氀漀渀最 攀砀瀀漀猀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀氀攀爀愀渀挀攀⸀ 䔀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀ⴀ戀漀洀戀愀爀搀攀搀 䌀䌀䐀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 最氀漀戀愀氀 愀渀搀 氀漀挀愀氀 挀漀甀渀琀 爀愀琀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 砀ⴀ爀愀礀Ⰰ 眀攀 猀攀攀欀 琀漀 攀砀琀攀渀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 琀漀 氀漀眀攀爀 攀渀攀爀最椀攀猀 椀渀 猀漀洀攀 䌀䌀䐀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 栀椀最栀攀爀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 甀瀀 琀漀 㔀　 欀攀嘀Ⰰ 椀渀 漀琀栀攀爀猀⸀  · Significant improvements in wide band gap (such as GaN and AlGaN) materials, individual detec-tors, and arrays for UV applications.਀뜀ऀ䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 洀椀挀爀漀挀栀愀渀渀攀氀 瀀氀愀琀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀氀愀琀攀猀 琀栀攀洀猀攀氀瘀攀猀 ⠀猀洀愀氀氀攀爀 瀀漀爀攀猀Ⰰ 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 氀椀昀攀琀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 猀椀氀椀挀漀渀⤀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 爀攀愀搀漀甀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀椀最渀愀氀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ渀漀椀猀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 爀愀渀最攀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀 猀攀愀氀攀搀 琀甀戀攀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 礀椀攀氀搀⸀  · Imaging from low Earth orbit of air fluorescence UV light generated by giant airshowers by ultra-high energy (E > 1019 eV) cosmic rays require the development of high sensitivity and efficiency detection of 300 - 400 nm UV photons to measure signals at the few photon (single photo-electron) level. A secondary goal minimizes the sensitivity to photons with a wavelength greater than 400 nm. High electronic gain (~ 106), low noise , fast time response (< 10 ns), minimal dead time (< 5% dead time at 10 ns response time), high segmentation with low dead area (< 20% nominal, < 5% goal), and the ability to tailor pixel size to match that dictated by the imaging op-tics. Optical designs under consideration dictate a pixel size ranging from approximately 2 x 2 mm2 to 10 x 10 mm2. Focal plane mass must be minimized (2 g/cm2 goal). Individual pixel read-out. The entire focal plane detector can be formed from smaller, individual sub-arrays. ਀뜀ऀ䘀漀爀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 砀ⴀ爀愀礀 挀愀氀漀爀椀洀攀琀爀礀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 愀爀攀愀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最㨀  - superconducting electronics for cryogenic x-ray detectors such as SQUID-based amplifi-ers and their multiplexers for low impedance cryogenic sensors and super-conducting single electron transistors and their multiplexers for high impedance cryogenic sensors, ਀ⴀऀ洀椀挀爀漀洀愀挀栀椀渀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 攀渀攀爀最礀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀爀 挀漀甀渀琀 爀愀琀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 挀氀漀猀攀氀礀ⴀ瀀愀挀欀攀搀 愀爀爀愀礀猀 漀昀 砀ⴀ爀愀礀 挀愀氀漀爀椀洀攀琀攀爀猀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀渀攀爀最礀 爀愀渀最攀 昀爀漀洀 　⸀㄀ 欀攀嘀 琀漀 ㄀　 欀攀嘀Ⰰ  - surface micromachining techniques for improving integration of x-ray calorimeters with read-out electronics in large scale arrays. ਀뜀ऀ䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 爀攀愀搀漀甀琀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀 䄀匀䤀䌀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 栀椀最栀 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀 椀渀琀攀爀挀漀渀渀攀挀琀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 愀爀爀愀礀猀 琀漀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀 琀栀攀洀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀 愀爀爀愀礀猀⸀  · Superconducting tunnel junction devices and transition edge sensors for the UV and x-ray regions. For the UV, these offer a promising path to having "three-dimensional" arrays (spatial plus en-ergy). Improvements in energy resolution, pixel count, count rate capability, and long wavelength rejection are of particular interest. We seek techniques for fabrication of close packed arrays, with any requisite thermal isolation, and sensitive (SQUID or single electron transistor), fast, readout schemes and/or multiplexers. ਀뜀ऀ䄀爀爀愀礀猀 漀昀 䌀娀吀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀挀欀渀攀猀猀 㔀 琀漀 ㄀　 洀洀 琀漀 挀漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 ㄀　 ⴀ 㔀　　 欀攀嘀 爀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀礀戀爀椀搀 搀攀ⴀ琀攀挀琀漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀椀琀栀 愀 匀椀 䌀䌀䐀 漀瘀攀爀 愀 䌀娀吀 瀀椀砀攀氀愀琀攀搀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㈀ ⴀ ㄀㔀　 欀攀嘀 爀愀渀最攀⸀  ਀ TOPIC S3 Astronomical Search for Origins ਀ NASA's Origin's Program seeks the answers to two broad questions related to life on Earth as we know it. How we got here and are we alone? The answers lie in an understanding of how galaxies, stars, and planetary systems formed in the early universe. We must determine whether planetary systems and Earth like planets are typical companions of average stars and if life beyond Earth is a rare, possibly nonexistent, occurrence or if it is robust and has spread throughout the galaxy. Origin's primary mission goals are to study the early universe, find planets around other stars, and search for life beyond Earth. ਀ S3.01 Precision Constellations for Interferometry ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䨀倀䰀  ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 猀攀攀欀猀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 愀渀搀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 琀漀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀Ⰰ 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 栀礀瀀攀爀ⴀ 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 挀漀渀猀琀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 愀 氀攀瘀攀氀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀猀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀爀礀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀 猀漀甀最栀琀 愀爀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀Ⰰ 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瘀椀猀甀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 挀漀渀猀琀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  ਀䤀渀 愀 挀漀渀猀琀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 氀愀爀最攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 椀渀 愀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 昀漀爀洀 愀 瘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀氀椀渀攀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 琀栀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 愀氀椀最渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 猀礀渀挀栀爀漀渀椀稀攀搀 洀愀渀攀甀瘀攀爀猀Ⰰ 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀氀氀椀猀椀漀渀 愀瘀漀椀搀愀渀挀攀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 挀漀愀爀猀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 ⠀爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 愀渀礀 琀眀漀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 琀漀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀ 挀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 戀攀愀爀椀渀最 漀昀 ㄀ 愀爀挀洀椀渀 漀瘀攀爀 琀愀爀最攀琀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀 昀攀眀 洀攀琀攀爀猀 琀漀 琀攀渀猀 漀昀 欀椀氀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀⤀ 琀漀 昀椀渀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 ⠀洀椀挀爀漀渀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 戀攀愀爀椀渀最 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 　⸀㄀ 愀爀挀猀攀挀⤀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀 眀漀甀氀搀 猀琀椀氀氀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 ㄀ 琀漀 ㌀ 漀爀搀攀爀猀 漀昀 洀愀最渀椀琀甀搀攀猀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 漀渀 琀漀瀀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀⼀䌀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀氀猀漀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 漀渀戀漀愀爀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 漀瀀琀椀洀愀氀 瀀愀琀栀 瀀氀愀渀渀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀椀洀攀 漀瀀琀椀洀愀氀 洀愀渀攀甀瘀攀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 攀砀攀挀甀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 挀漀渀猀琀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀⼀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⼀挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀漀氀猀⸀  · Distributed, multi-timing, high fidelity simulations. ਀뜀ऀ䘀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀  · Precision guidance and control architectures and design methodologies. ਀뜀ऀ䌀攀渀琀爀愀氀椀稀攀搀⼀搀攀挀攀渀琀爀愀氀椀稀攀搀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Distributed sensor fusion. ਀뜀ऀ刀䘀⼀漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 洀攀琀爀漀氀漀最礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Formation sensors. ਀뜀ऀ倀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ琀栀爀甀猀琀攀爀猀⼀愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀⸀  · Autonomous re-configurable formation techniques. ਀뜀ऀ伀瀀琀椀洀愀氀Ⰰ 猀礀渀挀栀爀漀渀椀稀攀搀Ⰰ 洀愀渀攀甀瘀攀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀  · Collision avoidance mechanisms. ਀뜀ऀ䘀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 猀琀愀琀椀漀渀 欀攀攀瀀椀渀最⸀  · Six degrees of freedom precision formation testbeds. ਀ S3.02 Astronomical Instrumentation ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䨀倀䰀 Participating Center(s): ARC ਀ Much of the scientific instrumentation used in future NASA observatories for the Origins Program theme will be similar in character to instruments used for present day space astrophysical observations. However, the performance and observing efficiency of these instruments must be greatly enhanced. The instrument components are expected to offer much higher optical throughput, larger fields of view, and better detector performance. The wavelengths of primary interest extend from the near-infrared to past 100 microns. Measurement techniques include imaging, photometry, spectroscopy, coronography, and polarimetry. Of particular interest are: ਀ Advanced Detectors਀吀栀攀猀攀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀 戀爀攀愀欀琀栀爀漀甀最栀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 挀漀瘀攀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 氀愀爀最攀 愀爀爀愀礀 猀椀稀攀 眀椀琀栀 甀渀椀昀漀爀洀 栀椀最栀 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 甀氀琀爀愀ⴀ氀漀眀 搀愀爀欀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀Ⰰ 攀氀攀瘀愀琀攀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀猀挀漀瀀椀挀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀ⴀ琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 琀栀攀椀爀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 愀渀搀 爀攀瀀爀漀搀甀挀椀戀氀礀 漀瘀攀爀 氀漀渀最 瀀攀爀椀漀搀猀 ⠀攀砀⸀ 㔀ⴀ㄀　 礀攀愀爀猀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀琀 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 攀砀琀爀攀洀攀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀⸀ 嬀挀昀⸀ 匀䔀唀 匀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 匀㈀⸀　㄀ 匀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 䐀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 䄀猀琀爀漀瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀崀  ਀䌀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 刀攀愀搀漀甀琀 䔀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀  Proposed space observatory sizes require driving analog detector signals over ever increasing distances to the warm (> 250 K) readout electronics. Novel, low power components which can be located near the detector are sought to either 1) drive long (> 5 m) signal cables with excellent fidelity (~16 bit accuracy) or, 2) move more of the signal chain, perhaps including the A/D converters, into the cold area (< 50 K). ਀ High Performance Filters ਀吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 渀攀攀搀 昀漀爀 渀攀眀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 漀昀 挀甀猀琀漀洀 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 戀愀渀搀瀀愀猀猀 昀椀氀琀攀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 最漀漀搀 椀渀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瘀攀爀礀 氀漀眀 漀甀琀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 愀琀 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀猀 氀漀渀最眀愀爀搀 漀昀 ㄀ 洀椀挀爀漀渀 愀渀搀 攀砀琀攀渀搀椀渀最 琀漀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀ⴀ洀愀琀攀氀礀 ㌀　 洀椀挀爀漀渀猀⸀ 䐀攀猀椀爀愀戀氀攀 瀀愀猀猀戀愀渀搀猀 爀愀渀最攀 昀爀漀洀 㔀　─ 琀漀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀─ 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀攀渀琀爀愀氀 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀 眀椀琀栀 椀渀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 㸀 㜀　─⸀ 䈀漀琀栀 昀椀砀攀搀 愀渀搀 琀甀渀愀戀氀攀 昀椀氀琀攀爀猀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 愀琀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀 㰀 㔀　 䬀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀爀愀戀氀攀⸀  ਀伀琀栀攀爀 伀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 伀瀀琀漀ⴀ洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀  Given the call for multiple capability instruments, there is a growing need for breakthrough concepts in instrument optics which minimize the volume requirements while adding capabilities (spectral, or otherwise) to the instrument. These elements may include gratings, prisms, dichroics, or other novel components. [cf. S2.05 Optical Technologies] ਀ Mechanical Coolers ਀吀栀攀 戀攀猀琀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀猀 㸀 㔀 洀椀挀爀漀渀猀 甀猀甀愀氀氀礀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 挀漀漀氀攀搀 琀漀 㰀 ㄀　 䬀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 愀爀攀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 伀爀椀最椀渀猀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀瘀攀 挀漀漀氀椀渀最 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 爀愀渀最椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 㔀　 洀䬀 琀漀 ㈀　 䬀㬀 栀椀最栀氀礀 猀琀愀戀氀攀 ⠀戀漀琀栀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 猀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⤀Ⰰ 氀漀渀最 氀椀昀攀 挀漀漀氀攀爀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀猀攀⸀ 䔀昀昀漀爀琀猀 洀愀礀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 氀攀瘀攀氀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 爀攀昀爀椀最攀爀愀渀琀猀 漀爀 渀漀瘀攀氀 栀攀愀琀 猀眀椀琀挀栀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 琀栀攀礀 洀愀礀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 瀀甀氀猀攀 琀甀戀攀Ⰰ 䨀ⴀ吀Ⰰ 猀漀爀瀀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀爀 猀甀戀ⴀ欀攀氀瘀椀渀 挀漀漀氀攀爀猀⸀ 嬀挀昀⸀ 匀㈀⸀　㐀 䌀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀崀  ਀  S3.03 High Contrast Astrophysical Imaging ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䨀倀䰀  ਀吀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀攀猀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 漀昀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀猀挀漀瀀椀挀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀愀椀渀琀 愀猀琀爀漀ⴀ瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 漀戀猀挀甀爀椀渀最 最氀愀爀攀 漀昀 洀甀挀栀 戀爀椀最栀琀攀爀 猀琀攀氀氀愀爀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀⸀ 䔀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 漀甀爀 漀眀渀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 搀攀琀愀椀氀攀搀 椀渀渀攀爀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 最愀氀愀砀椀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 瘀攀爀礀 戀爀椀最栀琀 渀甀挀氀攀椀⸀ 䌀漀渀琀爀愀猀琀 爀愀琀椀漀猀 漀昀 漀渀攀 洀椀氀氀椀漀渀 琀漀 漀渀攀 戀椀氀氀椀漀渀 漀瘀攀爀 愀渀 愀渀最甀氀愀爀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 猀挀愀氀攀 漀昀 　⸀　㔀 愀爀挀猀攀挀漀渀搀猀 琀漀 ㄀⸀㔀 愀爀挀猀攀挀漀渀搀猀 愀爀攀 琀礀瀀椀挀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀⸀ 䄀挀栀椀攀瘀椀渀最 愀 瘀攀爀礀 氀漀眀 戀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀挀琀 愀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 戀漀琀栀 猀挀愀琀琀攀爀攀搀 愀渀搀 搀椀昀昀爀愀挀琀攀搀 氀椀最栀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀 琀漀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 愀洀瀀氀椀琀甀搀攀 漀爀 瀀栀愀猀攀 昀氀甀挀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 琀爀愀椀渀 猀攀瘀攀爀攀氀礀 爀攀搀甀挀攀猀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 愀渀礀 猀琀愀爀 氀椀最栀琀 挀愀渀挀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 猀挀栀攀洀攀⸀ ਀吀栀椀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀挀甀猀攀猀 漀渀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 挀漀爀漀渀愀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 猀琀愀爀 氀椀最栀琀 挀愀渀挀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 漀挀挀甀氀琀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 愀琀 瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 眀愀瘀攀ⴀ氀攀渀最琀栀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 甀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 椀猀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 愀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀漀爀礀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀⸀ 䤀渀 猀漀洀攀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 戀漀琀栀 琀栀攀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 瀀愀挀欀愀最攀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀攀搀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀 挀漀渀琀爀愀猀琀 椀洀愀最椀渀最⸀ 䄀渀礀 愀甀砀椀氀椀愀爀礀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 猀攀挀漀渀搀愀爀礀 琀漀 栀椀最栀 挀漀渀琀爀愀猀琀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 洀甀猀琀 渀漀琀 挀漀洀瀀爀漀洀椀猀攀 琀栀攀 栀椀最栀 挀漀渀琀爀愀猀琀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀⸀  䘀漀爀 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀琀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀ⴀ琀甀爀攀猀 椀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀⸀ ਀吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 搀攀猀椀最渀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 琀漀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀 ਀䰀愀爀最攀 伀瀀琀椀挀猀 䘀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 䠀椀最栀 䌀漀渀琀爀愀猀琀 䤀洀愀最椀渀最㨀 · Development and demonstration of fabrication processes scalable to large aspheric mirrors (4 to 10 m diameter) that maximize suppression of mid-spatial frequency (20 mm to 1000 mm) figure errors without increasing high frequency surface errors (5 nm rms goal with areal density goal of ~25kg/m2). Reducing print-through, minimizing thermal sensitivity, and methods of correcting primary surface figure are of top interest.਀뜀ऀ唀氀琀爀愀ⴀ氀漀眀 猀挀愀琀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀瀀甀琀Ⰰ 甀渀椀昀漀爀洀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀愀琀椀渀最猀⸀  · Validation of optical surface uniformity over mission life.਀   Wavefront Sensing and Control Components:਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀洀愀氀氀 猀琀爀漀欀攀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 搀攀昀漀爀洀愀戀氀攀 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀 ⠀䐀䴀⤀ 愀渀搀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 搀爀椀瘀椀渀最 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 猀挀愀氀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 ㄀　㐀 漀爀 洀漀爀攀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀 ⠀戀漀琀栀 琀漀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀 愀爀琀 琀漀眀愀爀搀猀 昀氀椀最栀琀ⴀ氀椀欀攀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀 渀漀瘀攀氀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀⤀⸀   䴀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 䐀䴀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 瀀栀愀猀攀猀 漀昀 搀攀瘀攀氀ⴀ漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 愀爀攀 攀渀挀漀甀爀愀最攀搀 琀漀 甀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ愀爀琀 椀渀 搀攀昀漀爀洀愀戀氀攀 洀椀爀爀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 倀爀漀挀攀猀猀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 爀攀瀀攀愀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 礀椀攀氀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀ⴀ愀渀挀攀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀⸀   · Reliability and qualification of actuators and structures in deformable mirrors to eliminate or miti-gate single actuator failures.਀뜀ऀ䴀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀砀攀爀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 搀攀昀漀爀洀愀戀氀攀 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀猀 甀氀琀爀愀ⴀ氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀 搀椀猀猀椀瀀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  吀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 瀀爀漀洀椀猀椀渀最 䐀䴀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 洀愀礀 戀攀 猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀攀 琀漀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 猀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀椀渀最 愀 䴀唀堀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀猀 瘀攀爀礀 氀漀眀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 栀漀琀ⴀ猀瀀漀琀猀Ⰰ 瘀攀爀礀 甀渀椀昀漀爀洀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 眀椀氀氀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀椀爀爀漀爀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀⸀   · High precision wavefront error sensing and control techniques to improve and advance corona-graphic imaging performance.਀뜀ऀ吀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 渀愀渀漀琀甀戀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀⸀  䌀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀 愀爀琀 漀昀 渀愀渀漀ⴀ琀甀戀攀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀猀 琀甀戀攀 戀甀渀搀氀攀猀 漀昀 氀攀渀最琀栀 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 㔀 挀攀渀琀椀洀攀琀攀爀猀⸀  䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 渀攀眀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀椀渀最 氀漀渀最攀爀Ⰰ 眀攀愀瘀愀戀氀攀 戀甀渀搀氀攀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 猀琀爀漀渀最Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 挀氀漀琀栀 眀椀琀栀 瘀攀爀礀 栀椀最栀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀⸀   ਀匀琀愀爀氀椀最栀琀 匀甀瀀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀㨀 · Advanced starlight canceling coronagraphic instrument concepts. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 愀瀀漀搀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 猀栀愀瀀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀  · Pupil plane masks for interferometry. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 愀瀀漀搀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 洀愀猀欀 漀爀 漀挀挀甀氀琀椀渀最 猀瀀漀琀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀氀椀渀最 猀洀漀漀琀栀 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀 最爀愀搀椀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 ㄀　ⴀ㐀 眀椀琀栀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 縀㄀ 甀洀⸀  · Metrology for detailed evaluation of compact, deep density apodizing masks, Lyot stops, and other types of graded and binary mask elements. Development of a system to measure spatial op-tical density, phase inhomogeneity, scattering, spectral dispersion, thermal variations, and to otherwise estimate the accuracy of masks and stops is needed. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 猀琀愀爀氀椀最栀琀 挀愀渀挀攀氀氀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 猀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 猀椀渀最氀攀 椀渀瀀甀琀 戀攀愀洀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀攀猀⸀  · Fiber optic spatial filter development for visible coronagraph wavelengths.਀뜀ऀ匀椀渀最氀攀 洀漀搀攀 昀椀戀攀爀 昀椀氀琀攀爀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀 琀漀 ㈀　 甀洀 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀⸀ ਀匀㌀⸀　㐀 䰀愀爀最攀ⴀ䄀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 䌀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 吀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀 䴀椀爀爀漀爀猀  Lead Center: MSFC ਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䨀倀䰀 ਀倀氀愀渀渀攀搀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 一䄀匀䄀 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀Ⰰ 昀愀爀 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀ⴀ洀椀氀氀椀洀攀琀攀爀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀栀攀 匀椀渀最氀攀 䄀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 䘀愀爀ⴀ䤀刀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀 愀渀搀 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 猀瀀愀挀攀 椀渀琀攀爀昀攀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 氀愀爀最攀ⴀ愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀⸀ 倀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 ㈀ⴀ洀攀琀攀爀 挀氀愀猀猀 洀椀爀爀漀爀 猀攀最洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 ㄀　 琀漀 ㌀　 洀攀琀攀爀 挀氀愀猀猀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀猀⸀ 伀琀栀攀爀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 洀愀礀 搀攀猀椀爀攀 㐀ⴀ洀攀琀攀爀 挀氀愀猀猀 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀⸀ 䐀攀瀀攀渀搀椀渀最 甀瀀漀渀 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀猀攀 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 搀椀昀昀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 愀琀 㔀 琀漀 ㈀　 洀椀挀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 愀琀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 㐀 琀漀 ㄀　䬀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 愀渀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀 眀椀氀氀 渀攀攀搀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀漀氀椀渀最⸀ 吀栀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 愀爀攀愀氀 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀 椀猀 ㌀ 琀漀 㠀 欀最⼀洀㈀⸀ 䠀椀最栀 猀琀椀昀昀渀攀猀猀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀⸀  ਀䈀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 漀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀爀爀漀爀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 攀昀昀漀爀琀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 䨀愀洀攀猀 圀攀戀戀 匀瀀愀挀攀 吀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 椀猀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀椀渀最 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀爀琀 椀渀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀椀渀最 愀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 挀漀漀氀攀搀 氀愀爀最攀ⴀ愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 最漀愀氀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 攀昀昀漀爀琀 椀猀 琀漀 洀愀琀甀爀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀攀 㔀　 琀漀 ㄀　　 猀焀甀愀爀攀 洀攀琀攀爀猀 漀昀 昀氀椀最栀琀 焀甀愀氀椀昀椀攀搀 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀 愀琀 愀 挀漀猀琀 漀昀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 ␀㌀　　䬀 瀀攀爀 猀焀甀愀爀攀 洀攀琀攀爀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀攀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 猀挀愀氀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 昀氀椀最栀琀 洀椀爀爀漀爀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 最椀瘀攀渀 瀀爀攀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀⸀  ਀ TOPIC S4 Exploration of the Solar System ਀ NASA's program for Exploration of the Solar System seeks to answer fundamental questions about the Solar System and life: How do planets form? Why are planets different from one another? Where did the makings of life come from? Did life arise elsewhere in the Solar System? What is the future habitability of Earth and other planets? The search for answers to these questions requires that we augment the current remote sensing approach to solar system exploration with a robust program that includes in situ measure-ments at key places in the Solar System, and the return of materials from them for later study on the Earth. We envision a rich suite of missions to achieve this, including a comet nucleus sample return, a Europa lander, and a rover or balloon-borne experiment on Saturn's moon Titan, to name a few. Numerous new technologies will be required to enable such ambitious missions. ਀ S4.01 Science Instruments for Conducting Solar System Exploration ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䨀倀䰀 Participating Center(s): ARC ਀ Achieving the Solar System Exploration goals requires innovative miniaturized science instruments and instrument components that offer significant improvement over the state of the art in terms of size, mass, power, cost, performance, and robustness. This subtopic supports the development of advanced instrument technology that has potential for scientific investigation on future planetary missions. New measurement concepts, advances in existing instrument concepts, advances in critical components such as detectors, sample handling techniques and technologies that enable integrated instrument architectures are all of interest. Offerors are encouraged to relate their proposed technology development to future planetary science goals as much as possible. Information on planetary science goals may be found at the NASA web site http://solarsystem.nasa.gov. ਀ A wide range of remote sensing and in situ instruments is of interest: geological, chemical, biological, physical, and environmental. New instruments and components are needed that will: lead to new discover-ies in the extremes of planetary environments, open new areas of scientific endeavor, refine and reinvigorate measurements that have been limited by past technology challenges. Instruments that enable astrobiology-related measurements seeking to understand the origin and evolution of life and pre-biotic processes are encouraged. New in situ analysis techniques are desired to identify and quantify biogenically important elements (C, H, N, O, P, and S), their compounds (e.g., CH4, NOx, H2O), and mineralogical biosignatures within extraterrestrial atmospheres, soils, ices, rocks, and minerals. ਀ Future Mission Needs ਀吀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 昀甀琀甀爀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 渀攀攀搀猀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䴀愀爀猀 匀甀爀瘀攀礀漀爀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀㨀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 䴀愀爀猀 眀椀氀氀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀漀琀栀 漀爀戀椀琀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 氀愀渀搀攀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 氀愀甀渀挀栀攀猀 漀挀挀甀爀爀椀渀最 愀瀀瀀爀漀砀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 攀瘀攀爀礀 ㈀㘀 洀漀渀琀栀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 栀椀最栀ⴀ氀攀瘀攀氀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 搀爀椀瘀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 䴀愀爀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 挀栀愀爀愀挀ⴀ琀攀爀椀稀椀渀最 琀栀攀 愀渀挀椀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 挀氀椀洀愀琀攀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 挀氀椀洀愀琀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀Ⰰ 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀愀爀琀椀愀渀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀Ⰰ 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀椀渀最 椀昀 氀椀昀攀 攀瘀攀爀 愀爀漀猀攀 漀渀 䴀愀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Inner and Outer Solar System Missions: Other planetary mission opportunities might include an Europa orbiter, Europa lander, Venus in situ explorer, a Titan lander, a comet nucleus sample re-turn, Pluto fly-by, lunar sample return, Jupiter explorer, and multiple asteroid landers. Instruments for these possible missions are particularly challenging because of the extreme environmental con-straints. Europa measurement needs include characterization of the near-surface composition, determination of the compositional, geophysical, and geological context at large- and small-scales, and a search for indications of a Europan biosphere. Titan drivers include a determination of the distribution and composition of organics, and atmospheric dynamics. Venus technology drivers include survival in high temperatures and harsh atmosphere. Missions to comets, with the potential for finding pre-biotic molecules, face challenges due to micro-gravity and extremely cold and dusty environments. ਀뜀ऀ䐀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀㨀 䐀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 愀 猀攀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀攀搀Ⰰ 昀漀ⴀ挀甀猀攀搀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 猀漀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 洀愀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 漀爀戀椀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 氀愀渀搀攀爀猀Ⰰ 昀氀礀戀礀猀Ⰰ 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀椀爀瀀氀愀渀攀猀 琀漀 猀琀甀搀礀 愀 眀椀搀攀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 最漀愀氀猀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀椀渀最 最攀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 最攀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀Ⰰ 最攀漀瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀氀椀洀愀琀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀椀攀氀搀猀⸀ 䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 琀栀椀猀 戀爀漀愀搀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 渀攀攀搀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀⸀  · Mars Scout Program Missions: Mars Scout program missions represent a series of competed, fo-cused missions to Mars. They are competed approximately every 4 years, with the next new opportunity planned for launch in 2011. They may include orbiters, landers, flybys, balloons, and airplanes to study a wide variety of science goals involving geology, geochemistry, geophysics, atmospheres and climates, and particles and fields. Instrumentation and instrument concepts that address this broad range of needs will be considered. ਀ Example Measurement Needs ਀䴀攀攀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 匀漀氀愀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 最漀愀氀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 愀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 瀀漀爀琀昀漀氀椀漀 漀昀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䔀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀椀最栀琀 洀攀攀琀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀漀氀愀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 䔀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 最漀愀氀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最⸀  ਀뜀ऀ䌀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 洀椀渀攀爀愀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀猀漀ⴀ琀漀瀀椀挀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 猀漀椀氀猀Ⰰ 爀漀挀欀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀挀攀猀⸀ 䔀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 刀愀洀愀渀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 氀愀猀攀爀ⴀ椀渀搀甀挀攀搀 戀爀攀愀欀搀漀眀渀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 眀愀琀攀爀⼀椀挀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 愀最攀ⴀ搀愀琀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 琀栀椀渀 昀椀氀洀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 氀椀焀甀椀搀 愀渀搀 最愀猀 挀栀爀漀洀愀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 最愀猀 挀栀爀漀洀愀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀ⴀ洀愀猀猀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 洀愀猀猀 愀渀愀氀礀稀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Instrumentation focused on exobiological assessments for the identification and characterization of biomarkers of extinct or extant life, or prebiotic molecules. Examples include ultraviolet-Raman, infrared reflectance and transmittance, fluorescence microscopy, total organic carbon analyzers, microcalorimetry concepts, NMR spectroscopy, chromatography systems, CHONS isotope analy-sis, biosensor concepts, ion mobility spectrometers or other molecular identification instrumenta-tion capable of operating alone or as part of a gas chromatograph system. ਀뜀ऀ匀攀渀猀椀渀最 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀猀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 爀攀愀最攀渀琀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀攀琀攀挀ⴀ琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 甀猀椀渀最 攀洀攀爀最椀渀最 ∀氀愀戀ⴀ漀渀ⴀ愀ⴀ挀栀椀瀀∀ 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀  · Sub-optical microscopy instrumentation to characterize morphology, elemental and mineralogical composition, such electron microscopy techniques and atomic force microscopy. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 椀猀漀琀漀瀀椀挀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀猀⸀  · Physical and environmental sensing systems, such as seismic and meteorological sensors, humid-ity sensors, wind and particle size distribution sensors. ਀뜀ऀ倀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 昀椀攀氀搀猀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 洀愀最渀攀琀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 昀椀攀氀搀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀猀⸀  · Enabling in situ instrument component and support technologies, such as 2-10 micron laser sources, miniaturized pumps, sample inlet systems, valves, and fluidic technologies for sample preparation. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 昀漀挀愀氀 瀀氀愀渀攀 愀爀爀愀礀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 爀攀最椀洀攀猀 漀昀 爀愀搀愀爀⼀猀甀戀ⴀ洀洀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 䤀刀⼀嘀椀猀⼀唀嘀⸀  ਀刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀  While both remote and in situ sensing instruments are of interest, NASA's space science missions will increasingly rely upon in situ characterization of the atmosphere, surface and subsurface regions of planets, satellites, and small bodies. These instruments may be deployed on surface landers and rovers, subsurface penetrators, cryobots, and airborne platforms. These instruments must be capable of withstanding operation in space and planetary environmental extremes, which include temperature, pressure, radiation, and impact stresses. A reasonable target for an in situ science instrument concept is 1-kilogram mass, 1-liter volume, and 1 watt-hour of energy, although for mission critical capabilities additional resources might be available. ਀ Outcomes ਀刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 氀攀愀搀 琀漀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀Ⰰ 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 愀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 甀渀椀琀 漀爀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 瀀愀挀欀愀最攀 昀漀爀 䨀倀䰀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最⸀  ਀匀㐀⸀　㈀ 刀漀戀漀琀椀挀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀  Lead Center: JPL ਀ This sub-topic is comprised of two elements: 1) Technologies for Severe Environments and 2) Technolo-gies for Aerial Mobility. Both areas are focused on the future in situ exploration needs for Titan and Venus, worlds featuring dense atmospheres with low and high temperature extremes respectively. Note that some technologies developed for the cryogenic environment of Titan will also be applicable to other severe low temperature destinations like asteroids, comets, and Europa. ਀ Titan is the second largest moon in the solar system and the only one that features a sufficiently dense atmosphere for buoyant vehicle flight. The atmosphere is predominantly nitrogen with a surface tempera-ture of approximately 90 K. Targeted for exploration by Cassini-Huygens in 2004 and beyond, Titan is expected to be a geologically and chemically diverse world containing important clues on the nature of prebiotic chemistry. NASA is starting to lay the ground work for post-Cassini-Huygens exploration of Titan using autonomous, self-propelled aerobots capable of surveying many widely separated locations and potentially including surface sampling and composition analysis. Venus is the second planet from the Sun and features a dense, CO2 atmosphere completely covered by clouds with sulfuric acid aerosols, a surface temperature of 460 ºC and a surface pressure of 90 atmospheres. Although already explored by various orbiters and short-lived atmospheric probes and landers, Venus retains many secrets pertaining to its formation and evolution. NASA is interested in expanding its ability to explore the deep atmosphere and surface of Venus through use of long lived (days or weeks) balloons and landers. ਀ Technologies for Severe Environments ਀吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 渀漀 猀椀渀最氀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 猀愀琀椀猀昀椀攀猀 琀栀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䄀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 琀漀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀渀 攀砀琀爀攀洀攀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀⼀瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀 椀猀 琀漀 甀猀攀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 ⠀椀渀猀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 栀攀愀琀 猀椀渀欀椀渀最⤀ 漀爀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀漀 渀漀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 攀砀瀀漀猀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 眀栀漀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀猀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀攀搀 愀琀 挀漀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀愀氀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 渀漀爀洀愀氀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀⸀ 䄀渀漀琀栀攀爀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 椀猀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀攀 椀渀 攀砀琀爀攀洀攀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀 琀栀甀猀 攀氀椀洀椀渀愀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀⸀ 䘀椀渀愀氀氀礀 琀栀攀 栀礀戀爀椀搀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀眀漀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 椀猀 愀渀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀 眀栀攀爀攀 愀氀氀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀ⴀ猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 愀爀攀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀攀搀 椀渀猀椀搀攀 愀渀 椀渀猀甀氀愀琀攀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 攀渀挀氀漀猀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 愀渀礀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 漀甀琀猀椀搀攀 栀愀猀 琀漀 戀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀愀氀 椀渀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 ⠀猀漀洀攀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 氀漀挀愀氀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀氀猀漀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀⤀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 氀攀猀猀ⴀ挀漀洀瀀氀椀挀愀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 氀椀最栀琀攀爀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 攀渀愀戀氀攀猀 洀漀爀攀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 愀攀爀椀愀氀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 一漀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 猀漀洀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 吀椀琀愀渀 眀椀氀氀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀攀瘀攀爀攀 氀漀眀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 搀攀猀琀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀猀 氀椀欀攀 愀猀琀攀爀漀椀搀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀攀琀猀Ⰰ 䔀甀爀漀瀀愀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀  ਀吀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 猀攀攀欀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 昀漀爀 嘀攀渀甀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 ⠀㔀　 欀最⼀洀㌀⤀Ⰰ 椀渀猀甀氀愀琀攀搀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 瘀攀猀猀攀氀猀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀猀 攀渀挀氀漀猀攀搀 椀渀猀椀搀攀 昀漀爀 愀 昀攀眀 栀漀甀爀猀 愀琀 㐀㘀　 먀䌀 愀渀搀 ㄀　　 戀愀爀㬀 渀攀眀 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 椀渀猀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 ⠀　⸀㄀ 圀⼀洀䬀 愀琀 㐀㘀　 먀䌀⤀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 ⠀眀椀琀栀 ㌀　　ⴀ㄀　　　 欀䨀⼀欀最 攀渀攀爀最礀 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀⤀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 猀眀椀琀挀栀攀猀 ⠀漀瘀攀爀 ㄀ 圀⼀䬀 昀漀爀 ∀漀渀∀ 愀渀搀 　⸀　㄀ 圀⼀䬀 昀漀爀 ∀漀昀昀∀ 洀漀搀攀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 栀攀愀琀 瀀椀瀀攀猀 ⠀　⸀　㔀 圀⼀洀䬀 愀琀 㐀㘀　 먀䌀 愀渀搀 ㄀　　 戀愀爀⤀⸀  · Science and engineering sensors able to operate at 460 ºC and 100 bar. ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 昀漀爀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 愀渀搀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀 愀琀 㐀㘀　 먀䌀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 氀漀眀 渀漀椀猀攀 ⠀㄀　 渀嘀⼀猀焀䠀稀⤀ 瀀爀攀愀洀瀀氀椀昀椀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 搀爀椀瘀攀爀猀 ⠀ 眀椀琀栀 　ⴀ㄀　　 嘀 搀椀最椀琀愀氀 漀甀琀瀀甀琀 昀漀爀 搀爀椀瘀ⴀ椀渀最 瀀椀攀稀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀猀琀愀琀椀挀Ⰰ 漀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀⤀⸀  · High temperature primary and rechargeable batteries (200 W-hr/kg, 100 cycles) for operation at 460 ºC. ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀ⴀ琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 愀琀 ⴀ㄀㠀　 먀䌀 昀漀爀 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 瀀攀爀椀漀搀 漀昀 琀椀洀攀 ⠀礀攀愀爀猀⤀⸀  ਀吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 䄀攀爀椀愀氀 䴀漀戀椀氀椀琀礀  In addition to the severe environment technologies above, innovative technologies are also sought in the following areas of robotic technologies for aerial mobility: ਀ · Concepts and devices for low mass (few kilogram), high efficiency propellers and electric drive motors in the 90 K Titan environment. Desired maximum wind-relative flight speeds at Titan are expected to be the range of 1-3 m/s with a total vehicle drag of 10-20 N and available electrical power of 20-50 W. ਀뜀ऀ䄀甀琀漀渀漀洀礀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀攀搀 吀椀琀愀渀 愀攀爀漀戀漀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀 漀昀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 漀戀ⴀ樀攀挀琀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 甀猀椀渀最 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 洀漀搀愀氀椀琀椀攀猀 ⠀瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 椀洀愀最攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 椀洀愀最攀爀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀⸀ 䄀攀爀漀戀漀琀 愀氀琀椀琀甀搀攀猀 爀愀渀最椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 　 琀漀 㠀 欀洀 挀愀渀 戀攀 愀猀猀甀洀攀搀 昀漀爀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 最爀漀甀渀搀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀瀀攀攀搀猀 漀昀 　 琀漀 ㄀　 洀⼀猀⸀ 䤀琀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 琀漀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀攀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀⸀  · Autonomy technology for onboard real-time aerobot system identification. This capability will be important for long-lived aerobots that may suffer from mechanical degradation, buoyancy gas loss, precipitation accumulation (icing) or other factors that change the dynamic behavior of the vehicle over time. It will be important to validate proposed algorithms and software through simulation and/or experiment. ਀뜀ऀ匀愀洀瀀氀攀 栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 栀椀最栀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 搀爀椀氀氀猀Ⰰ 洀漀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 㐀㘀　 먀䌀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 嘀攀渀甀猀⸀  · Concepts and devices for surface sample acquisition from an aerobot in the 90 K surface environ-ment of Titan. These can include, but are not limited to, station keeping, landed or anchored (tethered) aerobots. Both liquid and solid (rock or drilled core) samples are of interest. ਀ S4.03 Advanced Miniature and Microelectronics, Nanosensors, and Evolvable Hardware ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䨀倀䰀 Participating Center(s): ARC, GRC ਀ The strategic plan within the Office of Space Science at NASA calls for intense exploration of a wide variety of bodies in the Solar System within a modest budget. To achieve this will require revolutionary advances over the capabilities of traditional spacecraft systems and a broadening of the tool set through the introduction of new kinds of space exploration systems. These systems will include, but are not limited to, orbiters, landers, atmospheric probes, rovers, penetrators, aerobots (balloons), planetary aircraft, subsurface vehicles (ice/soil), and submarines. Also of interest are delivery of distributed sensor systems consisting of networks of tiny (<<1 kg) individual elements which combine sensors, control, and communications in highly integrated packages, and which are scattered over planetary surfaces, atmospheres, oceans, or subsurfaces. New technology is needed in all spacecraft areas for mass, power, and volume reductions, and for application to harsh environments such as extreme temperature, radiation, and mechanical shock. ਀ Advanced Miniature and Micro Avionics and Electronics ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 洀椀挀爀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 愀瘀椀漀渀椀挀猀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 瀀愀挀欀愀最椀渀最 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀ 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀爀攀愀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䄀瘀椀漀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 栀椀最栀氀礀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 甀氀琀爀愀 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀渀搀 攀砀琀爀攀洀攀 氀漀渀最 氀椀昀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Avionics and communication components including sensors, actuators, ultra stable oscillators, mixers, and micropower sources, able to operate in extreme environments: low temperature, high temperature, high radiation. ਀뜀ऀ吀栀攀爀洀愀氀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀  · Three-dimensional VLSI, chip stacking, multi-chip-module stacking and other advanced packag-ing techniques. ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀伀吀匀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀氀攀爀愀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀  · Radiation hard, high density, non-volatile mass memory. ਀뜀ऀ刀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 栀愀爀搀 洀椀挀爀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 挀椀爀挀甀椀琀猀⸀  · Fault tolerance and onboard maintenance design and analysis techniques for severely constrained environments and extreme long life missions. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 昀漀爀 琀攀猀琀 愀渀搀 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀攀猀椀最渀 椀渀琀攀最爀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 䤀倀 戀愀猀攀搀 䄀匀䤀䌀猀Ⰰ 洀椀砀攀搀 猀椀最渀愀氀 䄀匀䤀䌀猀 愀渀搀 䴀䔀䴀匀⸀  · High resolution, high sampling rate, low power and radiation-hardened analog-digital converters, and digital signal processing hardware components with algorithm design environments for rapid design and prototyping. ਀ Nanotechnology ਀吀栀攀 渀愀渀漀猀攀渀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 戀椀漀ⴀ渀愀渀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 昀漀爀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 愀猀瀀攀挀琀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 猀攀攀欀猀 琀漀 氀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀 戀爀攀愀欀ⴀ琀栀爀漀甀最栀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀洀攀爀最椀渀最 昀椀攀氀搀猀 漀昀 渀愀渀漀ⴀ琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 戀椀漀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 猀洀愀氀氀 猀椀稀攀 昀漀爀 猀漀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 栀椀最栀ⴀ儀 刀䘀 猀椀最渀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最Ⰰ 猀椀渀最氀攀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀 洀愀渀椀瀀甀氀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀渀ⴀ挀栀椀瀀 戀椀漀洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀Ⰰ 栀愀爀猀栀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀戀氀攀 渀愀渀漀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀攀洀椀挀漀渀搀甀挀琀漀爀 氀愀猀攀爀 搀椀漀搀攀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㈀ⴀ㔀 甀洀 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀 爀愀渀最攀⸀ 伀昀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 挀愀爀戀漀渀 渀愀渀漀琀甀戀攀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 搀漀琀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀瀀琀漀ⴀ攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 昀椀攀氀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 渀愀渀漀挀爀礀猀琀愀氀 戀愀猀攀搀 攀瘀漀氀瘀愀戀氀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 愀渀搀 洀攀洀漀爀礀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀猀⸀  ਀䔀瘀漀氀瘀愀戀氀攀 䠀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 We are also interested in novel and innovative technologies for evolvable space systems. The main focus is on a complete system approach, which would lead to demonstrations of autonomously evolving systems using reconfigurable recourses such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) or Field Programmable Transistor Arrays (FPTA). ਀ S4.04 Deep Space Power Systems ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䜀刀䌀 Participating Center(s): JPL, JSC, MSFC ਀ Innovative concepts utilizing advanced technology are solicited in the areas of energy conversion, storage, power electronics, and power system materials. Power levels of interest range from tens of milliwatts to several kilowatts. NASA Space Science missions require energy systems with high energy density, reliability and low overall costs (including operations). Advanced technologies are sought in the following areas: ਀ Energy Conversion਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 瀀栀漀琀漀瘀漀氀琀愀椀挀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 甀氀琀爀愀 氀椀最栀琀ⴀ眀攀椀最栀琀 琀栀椀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀漀爀 愀爀爀愀礀猀 眀椀琀栀 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀琀椀愀氀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀猀 椀渀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 瀀漀眀攀爀 ⠀眀⼀欀最⤀ 愀渀搀 搀攀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 挀漀猀琀⸀ 䴀甀猀琀 愀挀挀漀洀洀漀搀愀琀攀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀猀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀⼀氀漀眀 椀渀琀攀渀猀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀⼀ 栀椀最栀 椀渀琀攀渀猀椀琀礀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 爀愀搀椀漀椀猀漀琀漀瀀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 琀漀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀椀琀礀 ⠀琀攀渀猀 漀昀 洀椀氀氀椀眀愀琀琀猀 琀漀 栀甀渀搀爀攀搀猀 漀昀 眀愀琀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀椀攀猀 㸀 ㈀　 ─⤀⸀ 䤀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 䄀䴀吀䔀䌀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀漀瀀栀漀琀漀瘀漀氀琀愀椀挀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀猀Ⰰ 匀琀椀爀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀椀挀爀漀昀愀戀爀椀挀愀琀攀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  ਀䔀渀攀爀最礀 匀琀漀爀愀最攀  Includes advances in primary and secondary (rechargeable) battery technologies. Technologies include lithium ion batteries, lithium polymer batteries and other advanced concepts providing dramatic increases in mass and volume energy density (w-hr/kg) and (w-hr/liter). Must be able to operate in harsh environ-ments, including high radiation and low/high temperature regimes. ਀ For operation on planetary surfaces, the use of regenerative fuel cells, both conventional and unitized - passive designs, with substantial increases in mass and volume specific energy for those situations where there are substantial time periods of charging/recharge ( anywhere from hours to days). ਀ Power Electronics ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 愀渀搀 洀愀猀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 栀椀最栀ⴀ琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 ⠀挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀⤀Ⰰ 漀爀 眀椀搀攀ⴀ琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀猀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 猀栀椀攀氀搀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀⸀  ਀吀栀攀爀洀愀氀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀氀 琀漀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 㸀 ㄀　　 圀⼀挀洀㈀ 栀攀愀琀 昀氀甀砀⸀  ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀椀爀挀甀椀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀爀愀渀猀昀漀爀洀攀爀猀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 挀椀爀挀甀椀琀猀Ⰰ 挀愀瀀愀挀椀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 甀氀琀爀愀 挀愀瀀愀挀椀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀ⴀ漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 洀椀挀爀漀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀ⴀ洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀䴀䔀䴀匀⤀Ⰰ 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 氀漀猀猀 洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 挀漀爀攀猀Ⰰ 洀漀琀漀爀 搀爀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 愀挀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 倀䴀䄀䐀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 昀愀甀氀琀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀猀漀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 爀攀挀漀渀昀椀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 ∀猀洀愀爀琀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ∀ 戀甀椀氀琀ⴀ椀渀 琀攀猀琀Ⰰ 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀ⴀ氀椀渀攀 漀爀 眀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀倀漀眀攀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀 䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀  Advances are sought in materials, surfaces, and components that are durable for soft x-ray, electron, proton, and ultraviolet radiation and thermal cycling environments, lightweight electromagnetic interference shielding, and high-performance, environmentally durable thermal control surfaces. ਀ S4.05 Astrobiology ਀䰀攀愀搀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀㨀 䄀刀䌀  Participating Center(s): JPL਀ Astrobiology includes the study of the origin, evolution and distribution of life in the universe. New technologies are required to enable the search for extant or extinct life elsewhere in the solar system, to obtain an organic history of planetary bodies, to discover and explore water sources elsewhere in the solar system and to detect microorganisms and biologically important molecular structures within complex chemical mixtures. Biomarkers produced by microbial communities are profoundly affected by internal biogeochemical cycling. The small spatial scales at which these biogeochemical processes operate necessi-tate measurements made using microsensors. The search for life on other planetary bodies will also require systems capable of moving and deploying instruments across and through varied terrain to access biologi-cally important environments.਀ A second element of Astrobiology is the understanding of the evolutionary development of biological processes leading from single cell organisms to multi-cell specimens and to complex ecological systems over multiple generations. Understanding of the effects of radiation and gravity on lower organisms, plants, humans and other animals (as well as elucidation of the basic mechanisms by which these effects occur) will be of direct benefit to the quality of life on Earth. These benefits will occur through applications in medicine, agriculture, industrial biotechnology, environmental management and other activities dependent on understanding biological processes over multiple generations.਀ A third component of Astrobiology includes the study of evolution on ecological processes. Astrobiology intersects with NASA Earth Science studies through the highly accelerated rate of change in the biosphere being brought about by human actions. One particular area of study with direct links to Earth Science is microbe-environment interactions. ਀ NASA seeks innovations in the following technology areas:਀ · For Mars exploration, technologies that would enable to provide a broad survey of areas in the vicinities of a rover or lander to narrow down a field of search for biomarkers. ਀뜀ऀ䘀漀爀 䴀愀爀猀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 ⠀甀猀椀渀最 砀ⴀ爀愀礀Ⰰ 渀攀甀琀爀漀渀Ⰰ 甀氀琀爀愀猀漀渀椀挀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 琀礀瀀攀 漀昀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀ⴀ瀀栀礀⤀ 眀漀甀氀搀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 愀 渀漀渀ⴀ椀渀瘀愀猀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 渀漀渀ⴀ搀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 猀甀戀猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀爀攀愀猀 椀渀猀椀搀攀 爀漀挀欀猀 愀渀搀 椀挀攀 琀漀 搀攀瀀琀栀猀 ㄀　ⴀ㈀　 挀洀 眀椀琀栀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 ㈀ⴀ㄀　 洀椀挀爀漀渀⸀ 匀甀挀栀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 椀渀猀椀搀攀 漀瀀愀焀甀攀 洀愀琀爀椀挀攀猀 挀爀攀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 攀渀搀漀氀椀琀栀椀挀 漀爀ⴀ最愀渀椀猀洀猀 漀爀 昀漀猀猀椀氀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀⸀ · Technologies that would enable the aseptic acquisition of deep subsurface samples, the detection of aquifers, or enhance the performance of long distance ground roving, tunneling, or flight vehi-cles are required. ਀뜀ऀ䘀漀爀 䔀甀爀漀瀀愀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 瀀攀渀攀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 搀攀攀瀀 椀挀攀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀⸀  · Desirable features for both Mars and Europa exploration include the ability to carry an array of instruments and imaging systems, to provide aseptic operation mode, and to maintain a pristine re-search environment. ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀漀 愀猀猀椀猀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀氀氀礀 椀渀ⴀ琀攀爀攀猀琀椀渀最 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 漀昀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀  · High sensitivity, (femtomole or better) high resolution methods applicable to all biologically rele-vant classes of compounds for separation of complex mixtures into individual components. ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀攀搀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 漀瀀琀椀洀椀稀攀搀 昀漀爀 攀砀琀爀攀洀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · High sensitivity (femtomole or better) characterization of molecular structure, chirality, and iso-topic composition of biogenic elements (H, C, N, O, S) embodies within individual compounds and structures. ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 ⠀㔀 愀渀最猀琀爀漀洀 氀攀瘀攀氀⤀ 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀 洀椀挀爀漀猀挀漀瀀礀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 琀漀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀 搀攀琀愀椀氀猀 漀昀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 洀漀爀瀀栀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀  洀椀渀攀爀愀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 戀椀漀最攀渀椀挀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀⸀  · Innovative software to support studies of the origin and evolution of life. The areas of special interest are (1) biomolecular and cellular simulations; (2) evolutionary and phylogenetic algo-rithms and interfaces; (3) DNA computation; and (4) image reconstruction and enhancement for remote sensing. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 洀攀愀猀甀爀椀渀最 愀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 瘀漀氀愀琀椀氀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀甀渀搀猀 愀琀 猀洀愀氀氀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀  猀挀愀氀攀猀⸀ 䤀洀ⴀ瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 昀漀爀 愀 眀椀搀攀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 愀渀愀氀礀琀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 漀砀礀最攀渀Ⰰ 瀀䠀Ⰰ 猀甀氀昀椀搀攀Ⰰ 挀愀爀戀漀渀 搀椀漀砀椀搀攀Ⰰ 栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀洀愀氀氀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀愀爀 眀攀椀最栀琀 漀爀最愀渀椀挀 愀挀椀搀猀 戀漀琀栀 漀渀 愀渀搀 渀攀愀爀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 猀攀爀瘀攀 愀猀 栀愀戀椀琀愀琀猀 昀漀爀 洀椀挀爀漀戀攀猀⸀  · Biotechnology - determining mutation rates and genetic stability in a variety of organisms as well as accurately determining protein regulation changes in microgravity and radiation environments. ਀뜀ऀ䄀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀琀椀挀愀氀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀椀渀最 最爀漀猀猀 洀攀琀愀戀漀氀椀挀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀 漀昀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 漀爀最愀渀椀猀洀猀 愀渀搀 攀挀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀  漀昀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  · Spectral/imaging technology with high resolution and low power requirements. ਀뜀ऀ䠀愀戀椀琀愀琀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 ⴀ 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀椀渀最 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 挀氀漀猀攀搀 攀挀漀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 搀愀琀愀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀 挀漀渀挀攀爀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 愀戀漀瘀攀⸀  · Miniature to microscopic, high resolution, field worthy, smart sensors or instrumentation for the accurate and unattended monitoring of environmental parameters that include, but are not limited to, solar radiation (190-800 nm at <1nm resolution), ions and gases of the various oxidation states of carbon and nitrogen (at the nanomolar level for ions in solution and at the femtomolar or better level for gases), in a variety of habitats (e.g., marine, freshwater, acid/alkaline hot springs, perma-frost).਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 ⠀昀攀洀琀漀洀漀氀攀 漀爀 戀攀琀琀攀爀⤀ 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 椀猀漀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 漀昀 渀甀挀氀攀椀挀 愀挀椀搀猀 ⠀䐀一䄀⼀刀一䄀⤀ 昀爀漀洀 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 漀爀最愀渀椀挀 愀渀搀 椀渀漀爀最愀渀椀挀  洀愀琀爀椀挀攀猀⸀  · Mathematical models capable of predicting the combined effects of elevated pCO2 (change in CO2 over the eons) and solar UV radiation on carbon sequestration and N2O emissions from experi-mental data obtained from field and laboratory studies of C- cycling rates, N-cycling rates, as well as diurnal and seasonal changes in solar UV. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀挀爀漀猀挀漀瀀椀挀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 猀琀甀搀礀 猀漀椀氀 挀漀爀攀猀Ⰰ 洀椀挀爀漀戀椀愀氀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ  瀀漀氀氀攀渀 猀愀洀ⴀ瀀氀攀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀Ⰰ 椀渀 愀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 搀攀琀愀椀氀攀搀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀猀挀漀瀀椀挀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀琀 琀漀 攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 愀猀 愀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀氀椀洀愀琀攀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀⸀  · Robotic system designed to provided access to environments such as deep ocean hydrothermal vents.਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 匀㔀 䴀愀爀猀 䔀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀  ਀吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 攀渀愀戀氀攀猀 甀猀 琀漀 愀渀猀眀攀爀 漀甀爀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 圀椀琀栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 渀攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀Ⰰ 漀甀爀 琀栀椀爀猀琀 昀漀爀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 眀椀氀氀 最漀 甀渀昀甀氀昀椀氀氀攀搀⸀ 吀栀愀琀✀猀 眀栀礀 琀栀攀 䴀愀爀猀 䔀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀愀氀氀礀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀猀 椀渀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 眀栀漀 洀愀欀攀 椀琀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀⸀ 伀甀爀 最漀愀氀 椀猀 琀漀 椀渀瘀攀渀琀 渀攀眀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀ⴀ最椀攀猀Ⰰ 爀椀最漀爀漀甀猀氀礀 琀攀猀琀 琀栀攀洀 栀攀爀攀 漀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀 漀爀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀氀礀 琀栀攀洀 琀漀 䴀愀爀猀 䔀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 愀渀搀 琀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 攀愀挀栀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 眀椀氀氀 栀攀氀瀀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 攀瘀攀渀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 昀漀氀氀漀眀⸀ 匀攀攀 唀刀䰀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀洀愀爀猀⸀樀瀀氀⸀渀愀猀愀⸀最漀瘀⼀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⼀ 昀漀爀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  ਀匀㔀⸀　㄀ 䐀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 刀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䈀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 䌀漀渀琀愀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 䠀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 愀渀搀 椀渀 刀攀琀甀爀渀ⴀ匀愀洀瀀氀攀 䠀愀渀搀氀椀渀最  Lead Center: JPL਀倀愀爀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀椀渀最 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⠀猀⤀㨀 䄀刀䌀  ਀䄀猀 猀漀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀猀Ⰰ 一䄀匀䄀 爀攀洀愀椀渀猀 挀漀洀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀琀猀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 瀀漀氀椀挀礀 愀渀搀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 琀漀 爀攀琀甀爀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 攀砀琀爀愀琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 猀椀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 䄀瀀漀氀氀漀 洀漀漀渀 氀愀渀搀椀渀最猀 愀爀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀ⴀⴀ琀栀攀 匀琀愀爀搀甀猀琀 愀渀搀 䜀攀渀攀猀椀猀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 眀椀氀氀 爀攀琀甀爀渀 挀漀洀攀琀愀爀礀 愀渀搀 猀漀氀愀爀 眀椀渀搀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 琀漀 䔀愀爀琀栀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀椀猀 搀攀挀愀搀攀⸀ 䄀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 琀漀 爀攀琀甀爀渀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 䴀愀爀猀 椀猀 戀攀椀渀最 瀀氀愀渀渀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 搀攀挀愀搀攀⸀ 伀琀栀攀爀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 眀椀氀氀 猀攀攀欀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 椀渀 猀椀琀甀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀愀爀 昀爀漀洀 䔀愀爀琀栀⸀ 吀栀甀猀Ⰰ 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀攀愀琀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀猀 椀猀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 漀爀 昀椀渀搀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 洀愀欀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀椀愀渀挀攀 眀椀琀栀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 瀀漀氀椀挀礀 爀漀甀琀椀渀攀 愀渀搀 愀昀昀漀爀搀愀戀氀攀⸀ 倀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 搀椀爀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀 ㄀⤀ 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 洀椀挀爀漀戀椀愀氀 挀漀渀琀愀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 椀渀琀攀渀搀攀搀 琀漀 氀愀渀搀Ⰰ 漀爀戀椀琀Ⰰ 昀氀礀戀礀Ⰰ 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀眀椀猀攀 戀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瘀椀挀椀渀椀琀礀 漀昀 攀砀琀爀愀琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 猀漀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 戀漀搀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ㈀⤀ 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 挀漀渀琀愀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 戀礀 攀砀琀爀愀琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 猀漀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 爀攀琀甀爀渀攀搀 戀礀 猀甀挀栀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䤀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 眀椀氀氀 攀渀猀甀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 猀愀昀攀最甀愀爀搀猀 琀漀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀 攀砀琀爀愀琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 戀漀搀椀攀猀 愀猀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 瀀爀攀猀攀爀瘀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 戀攀椀渀最 昀漀氀氀漀眀攀搀 椀渀 一䄀匀䄀✀猀 猀瀀愀挀攀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀⸀  ਀吀漀 昀甀氀昀椀氀氀 椀琀猀 挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 一䄀匀䄀 猀攀攀欀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀椀氀氀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 椀琀猀 渀攀攀搀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 挀氀攀愀渀椀渀最 ⠀渀漀渀ⴀ搀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 爀攀猀椀搀甀攀猀⤀Ⰰ 挀氀攀愀渀椀渀最 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀氀礀 挀氀攀愀渀 眀漀爀欀 愀爀攀愀猀Ⰰ 攀渀挀愀瀀猀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀爀挀栀椀瘀愀氀 瀀爀攀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 漀爀最愀渀椀挀 愀渀搀 椀渀漀爀最愀渀椀挀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀⸀ 䔀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ一漀渀ⴀ搀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀瘀攀 氀漀眀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 猀琀攀爀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀椀攀猀Ⰰ 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 ⠀攀渀挀愀瀀猀甀氀愀琀攀搀 洀椀挀爀漀戀攀猀⤀ 猀琀攀爀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀  · Non-abrasive cleaning techniques for narrow aperture occluded areas ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀愀瀀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀 昀氀椀最栀琀ⴀ漀瀀琀椀挀猀 挀氀攀愀渀椀渀最 洀攀琀栀漀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 昀漀爀 洀椀挀爀漀戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 愀猀猀愀礀  · Ultra clean assembly processes for non-assembly line (unique and/or limited production) hardware ਀뜀ऀ䐀椀爀攀挀琀 愀渀搀 爀愀瀀椀搀 椀渀 猀椀琀甀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 漀昀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 挀漀渀琀愀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀渀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 猀栀愀瀀攀Ⰰ 昀椀渀椀猀栀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀愀氀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀  · Effective new sampling methods with improved precision and accuracy for use on spacecraft sur-faces to provide samples for detection of biological contamination ਀뜀ऀ刀愀瀀椀搀 挀氀攀愀渀椀渀最 瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀最栀 猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 洀愀樀漀爀 挀氀愀猀猀攀猀 漀昀 戀椀漀洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀㨀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀Ⰰ 愀洀椀渀漀 愀挀椀搀Ⰰ 䐀一䄀⼀刀一䄀Ⰰ 氀椀瀀椀搀猀Ⰰ 瀀漀氀礀猀愀挀挀栀愀爀椀搀攀猀Ⰰ 䄀吀倀  · Techniques for in situ cleaning and sterilization to prevent cross-contamination between planetary surface samples ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 攀渀挀愀瀀猀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 琀漀 戀攀 爀攀琀甀爀渀攀搀 琀漀 䔀愀爀琀栀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀 昀漀爀 椀猀漀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀攀愀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀攀愀欀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀  ਀圀椀琀栀 爀攀最愀爀搀 琀漀 䴀愀爀猀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 昀漀爀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 椀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 䈀椀漀猀愀昀攀琀礀 䰀攀瘀攀氀 䘀漀甀爀 ⠀䈀匀䰀ⴀ㐀⤀ 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀椀攀猀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 愀搀攀焀甀愀琀攀氀礀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀 昀漀爀 搀攀挀漀渀ⴀ琀愀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀 琀漀 搀攀猀琀爀漀礀 洀漀爀攀 爀攀猀椀猀琀愀渀琀 洀椀挀爀漀戀攀猀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀漀猀攀 挀漀洀洀漀渀氀礀 猀琀甀搀椀攀搀 椀渀 䈀匀䰀ⴀ㐀 氀愀戀猀⸀ 匀琀攀爀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 猀甀椀琀猀Ⰰ 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 挀愀戀椀渀攀琀猀Ⰰ 琀漀漀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀攀爀猀⸀ 伀瀀琀椀洀椀稀攀搀 挀氀攀愀渀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀氀攀愀渀椀渀最 瘀攀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 愀爀攀愀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀椀渀最 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀  ਀吀漀 琀栀攀 攀砀琀攀渀琀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀Ⰰ 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 搀漀渀攀 眀椀琀栀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 漀爀 琀攀氀攀漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 猀愀洀瀀氀椀渀最 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 爀攀猀甀氀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀氀椀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 最氀漀瘀攀猀 椀渀 最氀漀瘀攀 戀漀砀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 欀渀漀眀渀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 漀昀 氀攀愀欀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀愀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 圀攀 猀攀攀欀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀猀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀  ਀뜀ऀ伀昀昀攀爀 最爀攀愀琀 搀攀砀琀攀爀椀琀礀 愀琀 猀挀愀氀攀猀 爀愀渀最椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 洀椀挀爀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀 琀漀 琀攀渀猀 漀昀 挀攀渀琀椀洀攀琀攀爀猀  · Are constructed of clean and cleanable materials ਀뜀ऀ䘀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 氀甀戀爀椀挀愀渀琀猀  · Are extremely reliable ਀뜀ऀ䌀愀渀 戀攀 爀攀瀀愀椀爀攀搀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 氀漀猀猀 漀昀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀椀琀礀  ਀䘀椀渀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 眀攀 猀攀攀欀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀漀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀爀琀 椀渀 猀攀愀氀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 爀攀瀀攀愀琀攀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀攀愀氀猀 漀渀 愀椀爀氀漀挀欀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 挀愀戀椀渀攀琀猀 挀爀攀愀琀攀猀 愀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 漀瀀瀀漀爀琀甀渀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀攀愀氀猀⸀ 䴀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀 栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 眀椀氀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 栀椀最栀氀礀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 猀攀愀氀猀 琀漀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀琀愀椀渀洀攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  ਀匀㔀⸀　㈀ 䴀愀爀猀 䤀渀 匀椀琀甀 刀漀戀漀琀椀挀猀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀  Lead Center: JPL਀ Two important areas for future planetary exploration are covered in this subtopic: ਀ Mars Mobility Technologies ਀䐀甀爀椀渀最 昀甀琀甀爀攀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀Ⰰ 氀甀渀愀爀Ⰰ 猀洀愀氀氀 猀漀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 戀漀搀礀 ⠀猀甀挀栀 愀猀 挀漀洀攀琀猀 愀渀搀 愀猀琀攀爀漀椀搀猀⤀ 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀Ⰰ 渀攀眀 琀漀漀氀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀猀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 猀甀戀ⴀ猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀攀爀椀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀漀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀挀挀攀猀猀 琀漀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最椀渀最 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 猀椀琀攀猀Ⰰ 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀 猀甀戀ⴀ猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀攀 愀 猀椀琀攀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀渀 愀攀爀椀愀氀 猀甀爀瘀攀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 氀漀渀最ⴀ搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀甀爀瘀椀瘀愀氀 漀渀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀猀⸀ 䤀渀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 猀攀攀欀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䄀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 昀椀砀攀搀ⴀ眀椀渀最 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀Ⰰ 愀椀爀猀栀椀瀀猀 漀爀 戀氀椀洀瀀猀 昀漀爀 氀漀渀最ⴀ搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀攀爀漀戀漀琀猀 愀渀搀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 愀渀搀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Surface Systems including science rovers for detailed in situ investigation, advanced surface mo-bility systems for access to high-risk terrain, manipulation and sample-handling systems for precision placement of instruments and sampling systems, and multiple, cooperating robotic sys-tems for the development of a sustained robotic presence through robotic colonies and sensor webs. ਀뜀ऀ匀甀戀ⴀ匀甀爀昀愀挀攀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 猀栀愀氀氀漀眀 猀愀洀瀀氀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 爀漀挀欀 愀渀搀 猀漀椀氀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀ 洀攀琀攀爀 椀渀 搀攀瀀琀栀Ⰰ 搀攀攀瀀 搀爀椀氀氀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀甀戀ⴀ猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 猀琀爀愀琀愀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 猀甀戀ⴀ猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 眀愀琀攀爀 愀焀甀椀昀攀爀猀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ洀愀猀猀 瀀攀渀攀琀爀愀琀漀爀 猀礀猀ⴀ琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀椀渀最 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀瘀攀爀 愀 眀椀搀攀 琀攀爀爀愀椀渀 愀爀攀愀Ⰰ 猀甀戀ⴀ猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 洀漀戀椀氀椀琀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀氀氀漀眀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀甀戀ⴀ猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 椀渀挀氀甀搀ⴀ椀渀最 猀漀椀氀Ⰰ 爀漀挀欀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 甀渀搀攀爀眀愀琀攀爀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 猀甀戀ⴀ猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 漀挀攀愀渀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀漀渀猀 漀昀 䨀甀瀀椀琀攀爀⸀  · Autonomous Software Technologies including autonomous navigation techniques, algorithms for multiple cooperating systems, behavior-based control systems, advanced path planning tech-niques, software for intelligent systems, robotic reconfiguration strategies, and autonomous scientific data collection. ਀ Mars Entry, Descent and Landing Technologies for Low Cost Missions ਀䔀渀琀爀礀Ⰰ 䐀攀猀挀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䰀愀渀搀椀渀最 ⠀䔀䐀䰀⤀ 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 愀渀 攀渀愀戀氀椀渀最 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀 漀昀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 䴀愀爀猀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 愀椀爀戀漀爀渀攀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䔀䐀䰀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀氀礀 挀漀洀瀀爀椀猀攀搀 漀昀 愀 眀椀搀攀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 琀椀最栀琀氀礀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 猀甀戀ⴀ猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 挀愀渀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀㨀 攀渀琀爀礀 戀漀搀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 攀渀琀爀礀 最甀椀搀愀渀挀攀 愀瘀椀漀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 猀甀瀀攀爀ⴀ猀漀渀椀挀 瀀愀爀愀挀栀甀琀攀Ⰰ 猀甀戀ⴀ猀漀渀椀挀 瀀愀爀愀挀栀甀琀攀Ⰰ 琀攀爀爀愀椀渀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀甀挀栀ⴀ搀漀眀渀 猀甀戀ⴀ猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀猀攀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 猀甀戀ⴀ猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 最甀椀搀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 栀愀稀愀爀搀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 愀爀攀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀氀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 䔀䐀䰀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 愀爀攀愀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀搀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 栀愀稀愀爀搀 搀攀琀攀挀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 愀瘀漀椀搀愀渀挀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀琀攀渀搀攀搀 漀甀琀挀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀猀 琀漀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀 氀愀爀最攀爀 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀 眀椀琀栀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀愀爀最攀琀椀渀最 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 琀漀 氀愀渀搀椀渀最 猀椀琀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 琀攀爀爀愀椀渀 栀愀稀愀爀搀猀⸀ 䤀渀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀Ⰰ 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 猀攀攀欀猀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 最甀椀搀愀渀挀攀 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 昀漀爀 栀礀瀀攀爀猀漀渀椀挀 攀渀琀爀礀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀氀 搀攀猀挀攀渀琀⸀ · Innovative navigation technologies for increased navigation accuracy from approach to touch-down, including the use of a Mars orbiter for onboard, realtime navigation of a lander. ਀뜀ऀ䔀渀琀爀礀 戀漀搀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀甀戀ⴀ猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 愀攀爀漀猀栀攀氀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀  · Parachute decelerator systems including supersonic and sub-sonic parachutes. Particular areas of interest include approaches that can lead to increased supersonic parachute deployment criteria, i.e., increased Mach-Q space. Also of interest are para-guidance technologies and guidance algo-rithms. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀爀爀愀椀渀 栀愀稀愀爀搀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 琀栀爀攀攀ⴀ搀椀洀攀渀猀椀漀渀愀氀 琀攀爀爀愀椀渀 洀愀瀀瀀椀渀最 挀愀ⴀ瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 搀甀爀椀渀最 瀀愀爀愀挀栀甀琀攀 搀攀猀挀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀攀搀 琀攀爀洀椀渀愀氀 搀攀猀挀攀渀琀⸀  · Lightweight touchdown system terrain hazard tolerance approaches including airbag, shock struts, and structural crush zones. In future EDL systems the touchdown system, i.e. the lander, are in-tended to be tolerant to landings in moderately cratered terrains with their incipient surface rock distributions. ਀뜀ऀ䔀䐀䰀 琀攀氀攀挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀愀琀攀 爀攀愀氀 琀椀洀攀 䔀䐀䰀 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最 琀攀ⴀ氀攀洀攀琀爀礀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 瘀椀愀 愀 搀椀爀攀挀琀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ䔀愀爀琀栀 氀椀渀欀 漀爀 琀漀 愀渀 漀瘀攀爀栀攀愀搀 挀爀甀椀猀攀⼀爀攀氀愀礀 猀琀愀最攀⸀ 䄀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 琀攀氀攀挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 眀栀椀挀栀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀愀琀攀 琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 漀昀 愀 氀愀渀搀攀爀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 椀漀渀ⴀ椀稀攀搀 瀀氀愀猀洀愀 眀栀椀挀栀 猀甀爀爀漀甀渀搀猀 琀栀攀 氀愀渀搀攀爀 搀甀爀椀渀最 愀 瀀漀爀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 栀礀瀀攀爀猀漀渀椀挀 攀渀琀爀礀⸀  ਀匀㔀⸀　㌀ 䠀椀最栀 刀愀琀攀 吀攀氀攀挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 䴀愀爀猀 倀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 愀渀搀 倀爀漀砀椀洀椀琀礀 刀愀渀最攀猀 愀渀搀 伀琀栀攀爀 䐀攀攀瀀ⴀ匀瀀愀挀攀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀  Lead Center: JPL ਀ This subtopic seeks innovative technologies for both RF and Optical Communications supporting missions to Mars including both planetary and proximity ranges, and for other planetary missions and local planetary networks. ਀ ਀刀䘀 䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 · Ultra-small, low-cost, low-power, innovative deep-space transponders and components, including integrated circuits such as microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs) and Bi-CMOS cir-cuits. ਀뜀ऀ䰀漀眀ⴀ洀愀猀猀 搀攀瀀氀漀礀愀戀氀攀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 㔀 琀漀 ㄀　 洀 爀愀渀最攀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 堀ⴀ 愀渀搀 䬀愀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀⸀  · Sub-micro-radian antenna pointing techniques for Ka-band spacecraft antennas. ਀뜀ऀ匀琀攀攀爀愀戀氀攀 愀甀琀漀琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 堀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀Ⰰ ㄀　ⴀ㌀　 挀洀 椀渀 搀椀愀洀攀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 焀甀愀氀椀昀椀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 䴀愀爀猀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ漀爀戀椀琀攀爀 爀攀氀愀礀 氀椀渀欀猀 漀昀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 䴀愀爀猀 氀愀渀搀攀爀猀⸀  · High rate (10-200 Mbps) turbo encoder/decoder chips and wavelet compression chips. ਀뜀ऀ匀椀最渀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 挀椀爀挀甀椀琀猀 昀漀爀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 挀愀爀爀椀攀爀 琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最Ⰰ 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀愀渀最椀渀最 挀愀瀀愀ⴀ戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 䰀漀眀ⴀ瘀漀氀琀愀最攀Ⰰ 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 䴀䴀䤀䌀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 氀漀眀ⴀ渀漀椀猀攀 搀漀眀渀ⴀ挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀椀挀 最愀椀渀ⴀ挀漀渀琀爀漀氀Ⰰ 甀瀀ⴀ挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀挀攀椀瘀攀爀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀琀 ⠀䬀愀ⴀ戀愀渀搀⤀⸀  · MMIC modulators with drivers to provide large linear phase modulation (above 2.5 radians), high-data rate BPSK/QPSK modulation at X-band (8.4 GHz) and Ka-band. Miniature, ultra-stable, and voltage-controlled oscillators for deep space communications and GPS applications. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 氀漀眀ⴀ氀漀猀猀 堀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 愀渀搀 䬀愀ⴀ戀愀渀搀 猀眀椀琀挀栀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 搀椀瀀氀攀砀攀爀猀⸀  · Miniature, high-efficiency power amplifiers, and RF power devices operating in the X- and Ka-band, transmitters with output power levels in the 20 W to 1000 W range that can survive the space environment with a minimum mean-time-to-failure of ten years. ਀ Optical Communications ਀뜀ऀ䔀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 ⠀最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 ㈀　─ 眀愀氀氀 瀀氀甀最⤀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 ⠀氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀ 欀最 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 搀爀椀瘀攀爀猀⤀Ⰰ 昀氀椀最栀琀ⴀ焀甀愀氀椀昀椀愀戀氀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 瀀甀氀猀攀搀Ⰰ 瘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀 栀椀最栀 爀攀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀ⴀ爀愀琀攀 ⠀㄀ 琀漀 㘀　 䴀䠀稀⤀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 瀀攀愀欀 瀀漀眀攀爀 搀椀漀搀攀ⴀ瀀甀洀瀀攀搀 戀愀猀攀搀 氀愀猀攀爀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀琀攀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 㔀 圀愀琀琀 漀昀 愀瘀攀爀愀最攀 漀甀琀瀀甀琀 瀀漀眀攀爀⸀ 倀甀氀猀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 琀椀洀攀 搀攀氀愀礀 甀渀挀攀爀琀愀椀渀琀礀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 氀攀猀猀 琀栀愀渀 　⸀㈀ 渀猀攀挀 眀椀琀栀 瀀甀氀猀攀ⴀ眀椀搀琀栀 渀漀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 ㈀ 渀猀⸀ 䄀 洀漀搀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 攀砀琀椀渀挀琀椀漀渀 爀愀琀椀漀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀　　　 椀猀 栀椀最栀氀礀 搀攀猀椀爀愀戀氀攀⸀  · Novel pulse position modulation (PPM) driver circuits with less than 0.2 ns timing resolution for modulation orders from M=2 to 512. ਀뜀ऀ䔀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀ⴀ漀瀀琀椀挀 倀漀挀欀攀氀氀 挀攀氀氀 搀爀椀瘀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 甀瀀 琀漀 㔀　 䴀䠀稀 爀攀瀀攀琀椀琀椀漀渀 爀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 ㄀ 琀漀 㔀 欀嘀 瘀漀氀琀愀最攀 猀眀椀琀挀栀椀渀最⸀  · Acquisition and tracking technologies including algorithms for sub-micro-radian laser beam point-ing from deep-space ranges. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀愀挀琀Ⰰ 爀漀漀洀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀 挀漀渀猀甀洀瀀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 甀瀀搀愀琀攀 爀愀琀攀 ⠀洀甀氀琀椀 欀䠀稀 昀漀爀 ㄀　砀㄀　 眀椀渀ⴀ搀漀眀猀⤀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 愀渀搀 昀椀氀氀 昀愀挀琀漀爀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 昀漀挀愀氀 瀀氀愀渀攀 愀爀爀愀礀 ⠀䘀倀䄀⤀ 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 渀攀愀爀 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 ⠀甀瀀 琀漀 ㄀㈀ 洀椀挀爀漀渀猀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀 䘀倀䄀猀 椀搀攀愀氀氀礀 眀漀甀氀搀 椀渀挀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀攀 漀渀ⴀ挀栀椀瀀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 昀漀爀 眀椀渀搀漀眀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀Ⰰ 瀀椀砀攀氀 最愀椀渀⼀漀昀昀猀攀琀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀渀搀漀眀Ⰰ 戀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀⼀瀀愀琀琀攀爀渀 渀漀椀猀攀 挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 戀爀椀最栀琀 猀瀀漀琀 氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 愀挀焀甀椀猀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀椀砀攀氀 猀甀洀洀愀琀椀漀渀 洀漀搀攀⸀ 䴀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 眀椀渀搀漀眀椀渀最 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 眀椀琀栀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 琀椀洀攀猀 昀漀爀 攀愀挀栀 眀椀渀搀漀眀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 栀椀最栀氀礀 搀攀猀椀爀愀戀氀攀⸀  · Lightweight high precision (less than 0.1 micro-rad over 1-500 Hz) inertial reference sensors (an-gle sensors, gyros) for use on-board spacecraft. ਀뜀ऀ倀栀漀琀漀渀 挀漀甀渀琀椀渀最 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 眀椀琀栀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀ 洀洀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀爀攀愀 搀椀愀洀攀琀攀爀Ⰰ 戀愀渀搀眀椀搀琀栀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 㔀　　 䴀䠀稀Ⰰ 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 㔀　─ 愀琀 ㄀　㘀㐀 渀洀Ⰰ 瘀攀爀礀 氀漀眀 愀搀搀椀琀椀瘀攀 渀漀椀猀攀 愀渀搀 最愀椀渀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 ㄀　　　⸀  · Novel schemes for stray-light control and sunlight mitigation especially for large ground-based optical antennae that must operate when pointed to within a few (about 3) degrees of the Sun. Also, transmit/receive isolation methods providing at least 140 dB of isolation at 1064 nm. ਀뜀ऀ䄀倀䐀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀 眀椀琀栀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 　⸀㌀ 洀洀 搀椀愀洀攀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 戀愀渀搀眀椀搀琀栀 漀昀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 ㌀ 䜀䠀稀 昀漀爀 搀攀琀攀挀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀椀最渀愀氀猀 愀琀 ㄀㔀㔀　 渀洀⸀  ਀㤀⸀㈀  匀吀吀刀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 吀漀瀀椀挀猀 ਀䔀愀挀栀 匀吀吀刀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 匀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 吀漀瀀椀挀 挀漀爀爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀猀 琀漀 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 一䄀匀䄀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⸀ 伀渀攀 漀爀 琀眀漀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀猀 瀀攀爀 吀漀瀀椀挀 ⠀爀漀琀愀琀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 礀攀愀爀 琀漀 礀攀愀爀⤀ 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 栀椀最栀攀猀琀 瀀爀椀漀爀椀琀礀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 琀栀爀甀猀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀愀琀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀⸀   ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 吀㄀ 䄀洀攀猀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀ऀ㄀㤀㐀 T1.01 Information Technologies for System Health Management, Autonomy and Scientific Exploration 194਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 吀㈀ 䐀爀礀搀攀渀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀ऀ㄀㤀㐀 T2.01 Atmospheric Flight Operations 194਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 吀㌀ 䜀氀攀渀渀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀ऀ㄀㤀㔀 T3.01 Aeropropulsion and Power 195਀吀㌀⸀　㈀ 匀瀀愀挀攀 倀漀眀攀爀 愀渀搀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀ऀ㄀㤀㔀 TOPIC T4 Goddard Space Flight Center 196਀吀㐀⸀　㄀ 䄀猀琀爀漀渀漀洀礀Ⰰ 倀栀礀猀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀ऀ㄀㤀㘀 TOPIC T5 Johnson Space Center 198਀吀㔀⸀　㄀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䌀爀攀眀 匀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀ऀ㄀㤀㠀 T5.02 Robotics and Virtual Digital Human Technologies 200਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 吀㘀 䬀攀渀渀攀搀礀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀ऀ㈀　㈀ T6.01 Batteryless, Wireless Remote Sensors 202਀吀㘀⸀　㈀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 䠀椀最栀 吀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 䄀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 䰀椀渀攀爀猀ऀ㈀　㌀ TOPIC T7 Langley Research Center 204਀吀㜀⸀　㄀ 倀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀 䄀椀爀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 刀甀爀愀氀Ⰰ 刀攀最椀漀渀愀氀 愀渀搀 䤀渀琀爀愀ⴀ唀爀戀愀渀 伀渀ⴀ䐀攀洀愀渀搀       吀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀ऀ㈀　㐀 T7.02 Non-Destructive Evaluation, Health Monitoring and Life Determination of Aerospace Vehicles/Systems 204਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 吀㠀 䴀愀爀猀栀愀氀氀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀ऀ㈀　㔀 T8.01 Realistic Non-Nuclear Testing of Nuclear Systems 205਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 吀㤀 匀琀攀渀渀椀猀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀ऀ㈀　㘀 T9.01 Rocket Propulsion Testing Systems 206਀  TOPIC T1 Ames Research Center ਀ T1.01 Information Technologies for System Health Management, Autonomy and Scientific Explora-tion ਀ Information technology is a key element in the successful achievement of NASA’s strategic goals. Modern tools and techniques have the capability to redefine many design and operational processes as well as enable grand exploration and science investigations. This subtopic seeks innovative solutions to the following information technology challenges: ਀ · Onboard methods that monitor system health and then automatically re-configure to respond to failures and sustain progress toward high-level goals. Special emphasis will be on computational techniques for coordinating multi-agent systems in the presence of anomalies or threats. ਀뜀ऀ伀渀戀漀愀爀搀Ⰰ 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 焀甀椀挀欀氀礀 攀渀漀甀最栀 琀漀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 愀 昀氀椀最栀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 ⠀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 昀椀砀攀搀⼀爀漀琀愀爀礀 眀椀渀最 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀⤀ 椀渀 愀 栀椀最栀氀礀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀ⴀ洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀 琀漀 愀渀漀洀愀氀椀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 猀甀最最攀猀琀攀搀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀爀 洀椀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 愀挀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  · Integrated software capabilities that allow automated science platforms such as rovers to respond to high-level goals. This could include perception of camera and other sensor data, position deter-mination and path planning, science planning, and automated analysis of resulting science data. ਀뜀ऀ䐀愀琀愀 昀甀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 搀愀琀愀 洀椀渀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀甀琀漀洀愀琀攀搀 爀攀愀猀漀渀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀瘀椀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀爀攀愀琀猀 愀渀搀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最⸀  · Techniques for interconnecting and understanding large heterogeneous or multi-dimensional data sets or data with complex spatial and/or temporal dynamics. ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀渀搀 栀甀洀愀渀⼀挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀昀攀爀爀椀渀最 挀愀甀猀愀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 戀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 昀漀爀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀Ⰰ 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀攀猀⸀  · Software generation tools which capture designer intent and performance expectations and that embed extra knowledge into the generated code for use by automated software analysis tools do-ing validation and verification, system optimization, and performance envelope exception handling. ਀뜀ऀ吀漀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 猀礀渀琀栀攀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 瘀攀爀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 栀椀最栀ⴀ愀猀猀甀爀愀渀挀攀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  · Innovative communication, command, and control concepts for autonomous systems that require interaction with humans to achieve complex operations. ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 吀㈀ 䐀爀礀搀攀渀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀  ਀吀㈀⸀　㄀ 䄀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 伀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀  ਀䄀挀挀甀爀愀琀攀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀ᤀ†昀氀椀最栀琀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀 椀猀 漀昀 最爀攀愀琀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀挀攀 昀漀爀 戀漀琀栀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀猀攀焀甀攀渀琀 昀氀椀最栀琀ⴀ琀攀猀琀椀渀最⸀ 吀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 昀漀挀甀猀攀猀 漀渀 刀☀䐀 昀漀爀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀愀爀礀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀 琀漀漀氀猀 昀漀爀 愀攀爀漀ⴀ猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀ⴀ挀漀渀琀爀漀氀猀ⴀ瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 攀昀昀漀爀琀 氀椀攀猀 椀渀 攀渀猀甀爀椀渀最 昀氀椀最栀琀 猀愀昀攀琀礀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 搀甀爀椀渀最 昀氀椀最栀琀 琀攀猀琀猀⸀  ਀吀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 氀椀渀攀愀爀 漀爀 渀漀渀ⴀ氀椀渀攀愀爀Ⰰ 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀ᤀ†搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀ 䤀渀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀㨀  ਀刀☀䐀 椀渀 昀椀渀椀琀攀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀 戀愀猀攀搀 渀甀洀攀爀椀挀愀氀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 椀渀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 昀氀甀椀搀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 ⠀䌀䘀䐀⤀Ⰰ 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 栀攀愀琀 琀爀愀渀猀昀攀爀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀猀Ⰰ 愀洀漀渀最 漀琀栀攀爀猀㨀 䤀渀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀Ⰰ 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀猀 椀猀 瀀氀愀挀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ愀爀琀Ⰰ 渀漀瘀攀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 猀挀栀攀洀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 昀氀椀最栀琀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 氀椀欀攀 堀ⴀ㐀㌀ 愀渀搀 䘀ⴀ㄀㠀ⴀ䄀䄀圀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 洀漀爀攀 爀漀甀琀椀渀攀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 攀渀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀攀搀 椀渀 爀攀挀甀爀爀椀渀最 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 昀氀椀最栀琀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最 漀渀 愀 爀攀最甀氀愀爀 搀愀椀氀礀 戀愀猀椀猀⸀ 䘀甀爀琀栀攀爀洀漀爀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 栀椀最栀ⴀ瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀椀渀最 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀 最爀愀瀀栀椀挀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 愀猀 愀渀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀⸀  ਀䄀攀爀漀攀氀愀猀琀椀挀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 愀攀爀漀猀攀爀瘀漀攀氀愀猀琀椀挀椀琀礀Ⰰ 氀椀渀攀愀爀 愀渀搀 渀漀渀ⴀ氀椀渀攀愀爀㨀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 椀猀 愀渀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 愀猀瀀攀挀琀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀⸀ 倀爀椀洀愀爀礀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀 椀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 渀漀瘀攀氀Ⰰ 洀甀氀琀椀搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀愀爀礀Ⰰ 渀甀洀攀爀椀挀愀氀 昀椀渀椀琀攀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀 戀愀猀攀搀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 猀漀昀琀眀愀爀攀⸀  ਀ TOPIC T3 Glenn Research Center ਀ T3.01 Aeropropulsion and Power ਀ The research sponsored by the Propulsion and Power Project focuses on ensuring the long-term environ-mental compatibility and efficiency of aircraft propulsion and power systems. The project addresses critical propulsion and power technology needs across a broad range of investment areas including revolutionary advances in combustion-based aeropropulsion systems/technologies and unconventional propulsion and power systems/technologies. High-risk, high-potential research investments include fuel-cell-based propulsion systems, high-temperature nanotechnology, and pulse detonation engine components and subsystems. Ultimately, the Propulsion and Power Project seeks to demonstrate (in a laboratory environ-ment) key component technologies to enable: non-conventional combustion-based propulsion systems and electric/hybrid propulsion and power systems. Propulsion and Power Project directly supports the NASA objectives of: “Protect the Environment - Protect local environmental quality and the global climate by reducing aircraft noise and emissions” and “Explore New Aerospace Missions - Pioneer novel aerospace concepts to support earth and space science missions.” ਀ Innovations sought include: ਀ · Alternative fuels and/or alternative propulsion systems, i.e., aeronautical propulsion technology concepts with horizons of 20 to 40 years from today with potential for two times payload-range performance. Such high-payoff propulsion systems would set new, revolutionary directions well beyond the evolutionary approaches. These alternative fuel and/or alternative propulsion systems may include, but are not limited to: ਀ⴀऀ刀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 攀渀最椀渀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀 ⠀琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀瘀攀渀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䈀爀愀礀琀漀渀 挀礀挀氀攀 最愀猀 琀甀爀戀椀渀攀 攀渀最椀渀攀⤀⸀ 䘀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 洀椀挀爀漀洀愀挀栀椀渀攀搀 匀椀䌀 洀椀挀爀漀攀渀最椀渀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 愀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 愀爀挀栀椀琀攀挀琀甀爀攀⸀  - Nano and autonomous systems. For example: nanotechnology fibers, tubes, spheres and high temperature shape memory alloys and piezoelectric materials for their unique role in tribology, structures and composite reinforcements and control systems for autonomous, adaptive engine control and sealing. ਀뜀ऀ一漀渀ⴀ挀漀洀戀甀猀琀椀漀渀 ⠀攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀⤀ 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 愀渀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 愀攀爀漀ⴀ瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 ⠀瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 昀氀椀最栀琀 眀栀椀氀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀椀渀最 稀攀爀漀 䌀伀㈀ 攀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 渀攀眀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 攀渀愀戀氀攀搀 戀礀 焀甀椀攀琀Ⰰ 挀氀攀愀渀Ⰰ 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀⸀ 䬀攀礀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀 漀昀 愀渀 愀氀ⴀ琀攀爀渀愀琀攀氀礀 昀甀攀氀攀搀Ⰰ 昀甀攀氀 挀攀氀氀 漀爀 栀礀戀爀椀搀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 洀愀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀㨀  - Hydrogen tankage, ਀ⴀऀ䘀甀攀氀 挀攀氀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀甀戀挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ  - Power management and distribution materials, components, and configurations. ਀ T3.02 Space Power and Propulsion ਀ The research sponsored by GRC Space Power and Propulsion focuses on the development of innovative technologies and systems that will result in robust, light weight, ultra highly efficient, lower cost, power and in-space propulsion systems that are long-lived in the relevant mission environment to enable future missions. These technologies enable effective generation and utilization of power and in-space propulsion resulting in significant increases in vehicle payload fraction for future human and robotic spacecraft. This includes analysis of systems and requirements to provide tactical and strategic guidance for technology advancement. The goal is to provide critical advanced power technology and space propulsion systems to meet the needs of all NASA Enterprises and Strategic Technology areas, including significant reduction in launch vehicle and spacecraft costs, increased mission capabilities and flexibility, while enabling cost effective utilization and/or exploration. ਀ Innovations sought include: ਀ · Advanced solar array technologies ਀뜀ऀ䔀渀攀爀最礀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 渀攀眀 戀愀琀琀攀爀椀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 瀀漀氀礀洀攀爀ⴀ戀愀猀攀搀 爀攀挀栀愀爀最攀愀戀氀攀 攀渀攀爀最礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 爀攀最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 昀甀攀氀 挀攀氀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀氀礀眀栀攀攀氀猀⤀  · Dynamic power systems for nuclear power conversion਀뜀ऀ倀漀眀攀爀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀  · Advanced power systems and power system control ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀  · Ion propulsion ਀뜀ऀ䠀愀氀氀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀  · Pulsed plasma thruster propulsion ਀뜀ऀ倀甀氀猀攀搀 椀渀搀甀挀琀椀瘀攀 琀栀爀甀猀琀攀爀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀  · Magneto plasma dynamic propulsion ਀뜀ऀ䴀漀渀漀瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 愀渀搀 戀椀瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀  · Micro propulsion ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 吀㐀 䜀漀搀搀愀爀搀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䘀氀椀最栀琀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀  ਀吀㐀⸀　㄀ 䄀猀琀爀漀渀漀洀礀Ⰰ 倀栀礀猀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀  ਀吀栀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䔀渀琀攀爀瀀爀椀猀攀 椀猀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 愀渀搀 椀琀猀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀猀 琀漀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 愀渀搀 栀甀洀愀渀ⴀ椀渀搀甀挀攀搀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀氀椀洀愀琀攀Ⰰ 眀攀愀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 栀愀稀愀爀搀猀 昀漀爀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䈀礀 氀攀瘀攀爀愀最椀渀最 戀爀攀愀欀琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 琀攀爀爀攀猀琀爀椀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀栀攀 瘀愀渀琀愀最攀 瀀漀椀渀琀 漀昀 猀瀀愀挀攀Ⰰ 眀攀 猀攀攀欀 琀漀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀攀Ⰰ 愀渀愀氀礀稀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀漀搀攀氀 琀栀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 琀漀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀 栀漀眀 椀琀 椀猀 挀栀愀渀最椀渀最 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀猀攀焀甀攀渀挀攀猀 昀漀爀 氀椀昀攀 漀渀 䔀愀爀琀栀⸀ ਀吀栀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 椀猀 琀漀 猀漀氀瘀攀 洀礀猀琀攀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀Ⰰ 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 猀漀氀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀Ⰰ 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀猀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀琀愀爀猀Ⰰ 猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 氀椀昀攀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 䔀愀爀琀栀Ⰰ 挀栀愀爀琀 琀栀攀 攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 愀渀搀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 椀琀猀 最愀氀愀砀椀攀猀Ⰰ 猀琀愀爀猀Ⰰ 瀀氀愀渀攀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀椀昀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 倀爀漀最爀愀洀 猀攀攀欀猀 琀漀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最 漀昀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 攀瘀攀爀 搀攀攀瀀攀爀 眀椀琀栀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最氀礀 洀漀爀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 琀攀氀攀猀挀漀瀀攀猀 琀漀 猀挀愀渀 琀栀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀愀最渀攀琀椀挀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀甀洀 昀爀漀洀 最愀洀洀愀 爀愀礀猀 琀漀 爀愀搀椀漀 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀猀⸀  ਀吀栀椀猀 匀吀吀刀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 琀漀 栀攀氀瀀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 爀攀洀漀琀攀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 愀渀搀 匀瀀愀挀攀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀  ਀䄀渀愀氀礀琀椀挀愀氀 䤀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 倀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 䄀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀猀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀  Innovations and the application of new technologies are sought for improving the operating characteristics of gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer systems in harsh environments. Reductions in volume, weight, power and cost while increases in performance, serviceable, functionality of system components is highly desirable. The overall goal is to develop an instrument with increased performance in the areas of improved collection, detection and measurement. Specific area of interest include:਀ · Miniaturized and ruggedized Gas Chromatograph columns ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀挀爀漀 瘀愀氀瘀攀猀  · Improved stability and performance of secondary electron multipliers ਀뜀ऀ倀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 猀椀稀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀氀礀 漀昀 栀椀最栀 瘀漀氀琀愀最攀 䐀䌀⼀䐀䌀 挀漀渀ⴀ瘀攀爀琀攀爀猀 · Rigid miniature vacuum pumps ਀ Active Optical Systems and Technology for UAVs and Ballooncraft਀䰀椀搀愀爀 爀攀洀漀琀攀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 洀攀攀琀 琀栀攀 搀攀洀愀渀搀椀渀最 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 䔀愀爀琀栀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 攀渀瘀椀猀椀漀渀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 氀椀搀愀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀愀猀㨀 栀椀最栀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 愀渀搀 琀攀洀瀀漀爀愀氀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 氀愀渀搀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 瘀攀最攀琀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀瘀攀爀 ⠀戀椀漀洀愀猀猀⤀㬀 瀀爀漀昀椀氀椀渀最 漀昀 挀氀漀甀搀猀Ⰰ 愀攀爀漀猀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 猀琀愀琀攀 瘀愀爀椀愀戀氀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 栀甀洀椀搀椀琀礀Ⰰ 眀椀渀搀猀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀挀攀 挀漀渀猀琀椀琀甀攀渀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀爀漀瀀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀愀琀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 漀稀漀渀攀 愀渀搀 䌀伀㈀ ⠀瀀爀漀昀椀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 琀漀琀愀氀 挀漀氀甀洀渀⤀㬀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀椀爀⼀猀攀愀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 洀椀砀攀搀 氀愀礀攀爀⸀ 一攀眀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 愀爀攀愀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀椀氀氀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䔀渀愀戀氀攀 愀 渀攀眀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀  · Enhance an existing measurement capability by significantly improving the performance (spa-tial/temporal resolution, accuracy, range of regard) ਀뜀ऀ匀甀戀猀琀愀渀琀椀愀氀氀礀 爀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 ⠀挀漀猀琀Ⰰ 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 漀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀⤀ 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 愀琀琀愀椀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀  ਀匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀 愀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 猀挀愀氀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 猀瀀愀挀攀 漀爀 挀愀渀 戀攀 洀漀甀渀琀攀搀 漀渀 愀 爀攀氀攀瘀愀渀琀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀 ⠀唀䄀嘀Ⰰ 氀漀渀最 搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀Ⰰ 漀爀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀⤀ 昀漀爀 挀愀氀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀⼀瘀愀氀椀搀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀 猀瀀愀挀攀戀漀爀渀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀  ਀䈀愀氀氀漀漀渀挀爀愀昀琀 刀攀洀漀琀攀 匀攀渀猀椀渀最 䐀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 䌀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀  Innovative developments are being sought that incorporate new architectures, new technologies and advanced remote sensing techniques to make space science measurements. It is anticipated that these new sensors will be flown aboard spaceflight of balloon-borne platforms, and therefore emphasis on low weight, small volume and low power is very important. The innovations sought include: ਀ · Far infrared detector systems for operation at temperatures less than or approximately equal to 80K ਀뜀ऀ㌀䐀 ⠀㈀ 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 ㄀ 攀渀攀爀最礀⤀ 瀀栀漀琀漀渀 挀漀甀渀琀椀渀最 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀猀挀漀瀀椀挀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 椀渀 琀栀攀 瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀 ☀ 唀嘀  · Energy resolving sensors that operate above 4K. These should have at least 4 energy bands and can operate anywhere between x-ray and Sub-mm ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 猀瀀愀琀椀愀氀 爀攀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 ⠀　⸀㄀ 愀爀挀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 漀爀 戀攀琀琀攀爀⤀Ⰰ 氀椀最栀琀 眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 最爀漀甀渀搀 琀攀猀琀愀戀氀攀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀Ⰰ 唀嘀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䔀唀嘀 猀漀氀愀爀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀  · Widely tunable (>60 nm), single frequency, compact (< 1 cubic inch volume) semiconductor la-sers ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 ⠀㸀 ㄀　─⤀Ⰰ 瀀栀漀琀漀渀 挀漀甀渀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 渀攀愀爀 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 ⠀㄀ⴀ ㈀ 洀椀挀爀漀渀⤀ 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 氀愀猀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀  · Devices permitting the measurement of DC/AC electric and magnetic fields ਀뜀ऀ䠀椀最栀 猀瀀攀攀搀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 猀椀最渀愀氀 愀渀愀氀漀最 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀 攀渀攀爀最礀 搀攀琀攀挀琀漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀  · Precision lightweight optics (precision defined as surface figure <0.01 waves rms @ 633nm, sur-face roughness <2 angstroms, lightweight defined as approaching NGST metric 15 kg/m2) for application to astronomical investigations ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀昀氀愀琀愀戀氀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀猀  · Lightweight x-ray telescope optics ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 挀漀漀氀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀  · Superconducting devices with increased performance for cooling, detection, electronics, or other novel remote sensing applications ਀ Ballooncraft Trajectory Control and Station-Keeping ਀吀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 匀琀愀琀椀漀渀ⴀ䬀攀攀瀀椀渀最 愀爀攀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 椀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 唀氀琀爀愀 䰀漀渀最 䐀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀 䈀愀氀氀漀漀渀 爀攀洀漀琀攀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀⸀  ਀뜀ऀ吀爀愀樀攀挀琀漀爀礀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 眀漀甀氀搀 愀氀氀漀眀 昀漀爀 猀漀洀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀愀琀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 眀栀椀挀栀 洀愀礀 戀攀 爀攀ⴀ焀甀椀爀攀搀 ⼀ 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 爀攀愀猀漀渀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 最攀漀瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀Ⰰ 漀爀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䄀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀攀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 昀愀戀爀椀挀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 昀氀椀最栀琀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀椀爀猀栀椀瀀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀Ⰰ 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 洀漀搀攀氀椀渀最⸀  ਀唀渀洀愀渀渀攀搀 䄀攀爀椀愀氀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 ⠀唀䄀嘀⤀ 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 刀攀洀漀琀攀 匀攀渀猀椀渀最  Avionics, real-time telemetry acquisition and remote sensing spectral imaging devices to support Un-manned Aerial Vehicles' (UAV) basic and applied science and application demonstrations (offerors need only to respond to a minimum of one of the below): ਀ · Low cost avionics instrumentation for precise navigation and aircraft control, must have an atti-tude sampling rate greater than 25Hz and an accuracy greater than .2 degrees in roll and pitch. ਀뜀ऀ刀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 昀甀猀椀漀渀 愀氀最漀爀椀琀栀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀 氀漀眀ⴀ挀漀猀琀 椀渀攀爀琀椀愀氀Ⰰ 䜀倀匀Ⰰ 洀愀最渀攀琀漀洀攀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 椀渀瀀甀琀猀 琀漀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 猀琀愀琀攀 瘀攀挀琀漀爀猀 愀琀 愀 爀愀琀攀 最爀攀愀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 㔀　䠀稀⸀  · Uncooled Infrared/thermal spectral imager instrument to be less than 2 lbs. and no larger than .05 cubic meters in volume. Must operate autonomously in coordination with the on-board flight plan. It must have a built-in data acquisition system. The spectral bands must all be co-registered and the data must be GPS time tagged. Spectral bands should be centered at 3.75, 3.96 and 11microns as well as a band in the visible at .6 microns. Quantization bit resolution should be 10-bit mini-mum. ਀ Microwave measurements using large aperture systems ਀一攀眀 戀爀攀愀欀琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 攀砀琀爀攀洀攀氀礀 氀愀爀最攀 ⠀琀攀渀猀 漀昀 洀攀琀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 氀愀爀最攀爀 搀椀愀洀攀琀攀爀⤀ 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 挀漀洀瀀愀挀琀 甀瀀漀渀 氀愀甀渀挀栀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 洀甀猀琀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 栀椀最栀 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 昀漀爀洀 昀愀挀琀漀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀礀 洀甀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀攀愀洀ⴀ猀挀愀渀渀椀渀最 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 挀漀洀瀀愀挀琀渀攀猀猀 漀渀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 挀愀渀 戀攀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 昀漀氀搀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 漀爀 昀爀漀洀 猀漀洀攀 愀猀猀攀洀戀氀愀最攀 漀昀 猀洀愀氀氀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 氀愀爀最攀爀 昀椀渀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 愀挀挀甀爀愀琀攀 攀渀漀甀最栀 琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 戀攀愀洀 瀀愀琀琀攀爀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 愀搀攀焀甀愀琀攀氀礀 猀洀愀氀氀 猀椀搀攀 氀漀戀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 戀攀愀洀 猀挀愀渀渀椀渀最 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 昀愀挀椀氀攀 愀渀搀 漀瘀攀爀 洀愀渀礀 戀攀愀洀 眀椀搀琀栀猀 猀漀 愀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 挀爀漀猀猀ⴀ琀爀愀挀欀 猀挀愀渀渀椀渀最 椀昀 椀渀 䰀䔀伀Ⰰ 漀爀 猀挀愀渀渀椀渀最 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 昀甀氀氀 最氀漀戀攀 椀昀 愀琀 䜀䔀伀⸀ 吀栀攀 戀攀愀洀 眀椀搀琀栀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 猀洀愀氀氀 攀渀漀甀最栀 琀漀 爀攀猀漀氀瘀攀 琀栀攀 昀攀眀 欀椀氀漀洀攀琀攀爀 猀挀愀氀攀猀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 昀漀爀 洀愀渀礀 最攀漀瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 洀椀挀爀漀眀愀瘀攀 眀愀瘀攀氀攀渀最琀栀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀搀 愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 最攀漀瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 洀愀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 氀愀爀最攀 猀椀渀最氀攀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀猀 漀爀 愀瀀攀爀琀甀爀攀猀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀攀搀 漀昀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀搀 猀礀渀攀爀最椀猀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 猀漀 愀猀 琀漀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 琀栀攀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀⸀  ਀ TOPIC T5 Johnson Space Center ਀ T5.01 Advanced Crew Support Technology ਀ Advanced Crew Support Technologies will be essential for providing next-generation systems that will enable humans to live and work safely and effectively in space. Special emphasis is placed on those technologies that will have a dramatic impact on the reduction of required mass, power, volume, crew time, and increased safety and reliability. Areas being solicited include Advanced Life Support, Extravehicular Activity, Direct Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, and Nanomaterial Applications. Research and technology development with dual use to earth based applications that improve environmental sustainabil-ity are of interest.਀ Advanced Life Support (ALS) ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 氀椀昀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 栀甀洀愀渀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀⸀ 匀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 昀甀氀氀礀 爀攀挀礀挀氀攀 愀椀爀 愀渀搀 眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 昀爀漀洀 猀漀氀椀搀 眀愀猀琀攀猀Ⰰ 最爀漀眀 瀀氀愀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 昀漀漀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 琀栀攀 琀栀攀爀洀愀氀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 爀攀搀甀挀椀渀最 琀栀攀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 洀愀猀猀⸀ 刀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 猀愀昀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 椀渀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ愀渀搀 瀀愀爀琀椀愀氀ⴀ最爀愀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 洀椀渀椀洀愀氀 甀猀攀 漀昀 攀砀瀀攀渀搀愀戀氀攀猀Ⰰ 攀愀猀攀 漀昀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀漀眀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀Ⰰ 洀愀猀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀 ਀뜀ऀ圀愀猀琀攀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀㨀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀漀 猀愀昀攀氀礀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 洀愀渀愀最攀 眀攀琀 愀渀搀 搀爀礀 猀漀氀椀搀 眀愀猀琀攀猀 攀砀ⴀ瀀攀挀琀攀搀 漀渀 渀攀愀爀 琀攀爀洀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀 ⠀瀀氀愀猀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 昀漀漀搀 猀挀爀愀瀀猀Ⰰ 挀氀漀琀栀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀愀瀀攀爀Ⰰ 琀愀瀀攀Ⰰ 栀礀最椀攀渀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 昀攀挀攀猀⤀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀㨀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀琀愀戀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀琀漀爀愀最攀Ⰰ 眀愀琀攀爀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 椀渀琀漀 爀攀挀漀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀 眀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 瘀攀渀琀愀戀氀攀 最愀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 洀椀渀椀洀愀氀 猀琀漀爀愀戀氀攀 猀琀攀爀椀氀 猀漀氀椀搀猀⸀  · Thermal Control: Research and technology development is needed to explore innovative heat pump technologies, heat pump technologies for microgravity applications, and integration of heat pumps into spacecraft thermal systems. Proposals are also sought for the development of durable, optical radiator coatings that would enable an externally mounted radiators on a reusable launch vehicle. ਀뜀ऀ䌀爀漀瀀 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀㨀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 漀渀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀 挀爀漀瀀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 椀渀 洀椀挀爀漀ⴀ最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀爀攀猀栀 猀愀氀愀搀 瘀攀最攀琀愀戀氀攀猀 昀漀爀 愀甀最洀攀渀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀椀攀琀 漀昀 挀爀攀眀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀ 匀甀挀栀 愀 瘀攀最攀琀愀戀氀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 甀渀椀琀 漀爀 猀愀氀愀搀 洀愀挀栀椀渀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 瀀猀礀挀栀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 漀昀昀猀攀琀 琀栀攀 栀愀戀椀琀愀琀 椀猀漀氀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀礀 昀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 爀椀猀欀 洀椀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀挀爀愀昀琀 愀渀搀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 栀愀戀椀琀愀琀 挀爀漀瀀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀  ਀䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 䔀砀琀爀愀瘀攀栀椀挀甀氀愀爀 䄀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 ⠀䄀䔀嘀䄀⤀  Complex missions require innovative approaches for maximizing human productivity and for providing the capability to perform useful work tasks. Requirements include reduction of system hardware weight and volume; increased hardware reliability, durability, operating lifetime and increased human comfort. Specific areas of interest are as follows: ਀ · Lightweight Structural & Protective Materials: Proposals are sought for development of light-weight structural and protective materials for use in space suits to provide integral shell structure strength, impact protection from micrometeoroid and orbital debris, and radiation protection. ਀뜀ऀ倀爀漀琀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 匀甀椀琀猀 昀漀爀 䠀愀稀愀爀搀漀甀猀 䔀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀猀㨀 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 昀漀爀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 愀 瀀爀漀琀攀挀ⴀ琀椀瘀攀 猀甀椀琀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 䔀嘀䄀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 䠀漀洀攀氀愀渀搀 匀攀挀甀爀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 栀愀稀洀愀琀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 栀愀稀愀爀搀漀甀猀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀椀渀最 攀砀瀀漀猀甀爀攀猀 琀漀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 愀最攀渀琀猀⸀  ਀䐀椀爀攀挀琀 䔀渀攀爀最礀 䌀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䔀渀攀爀最礀 匀琀漀爀愀最攀  Basic research is solicited in the areas of direct energy conversion and energy storage technology. Power levels of interest range from tens of milliwatts to several kilowatts. Direct energy conversion and storage systems for crewed missions have unique and rigorous requirements beyond those for uncrewed missions, particularly in terms of the safety and reliability constraints of crew-rated vehicles. Crewed missions also offer unique opportunities for health monitoring and preventative maintenance of these power systems. Research and technology development with dual use for earth-based applications would be desirable. ਀ · Energy Storage: Research is solicited to advance the technology of primary and secondary (re-chargeable) storage devices. Interest is focused on advanced concepts that can provide dramatic increases in mass/volume energy density (w-hr/kg and w-h/l) and rate capability while maintaining safety and reliability levels appropriate to in-cabin and exterior applications on crewed vehicles. Rates of interest range from 1C to 20C. ਀뜀ऀ䐀椀爀攀挀琀 䔀渀攀爀最礀 䌀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀㨀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀猀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 琀漀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀 琀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 漀昀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 攀渀攀爀最礀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 昀甀攀氀 挀攀氀氀猀Ⰰ 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 昀甀攀氀 爀攀昀漀爀洀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀爀 爀攀最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 昀甀攀氀 挀攀氀氀 爀攀愀挀琀愀渀琀猀⸀ 䤀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀猀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 漀渀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 渀漀琀愀戀氀攀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 挀漀渀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 氀椀昀攀Ⰰ 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀ⴀ椀琀礀Ⰰ 氀漀愀搀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 最爀愀瘀椀琀礀 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 爀攀愀挀琀愀渀琀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀氀甀攀渀琀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀猀猀⼀瘀漀氀甀洀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀 ⠀圀⼀欀最 愀渀搀 圀⼀氀⤀⸀ 伀砀椀搀愀渀琀 猀琀爀攀愀洀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 愀爀攀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 漀渀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ瀀甀爀攀 漀砀礀最攀渀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 昀甀攀氀 猀琀爀攀愀洀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ瀀甀爀攀 栀礀搀爀漀最攀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀昀漀爀洀愀琀攀 昀爀漀洀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ瀀甀爀攀 栀礀ⴀ搀爀漀挀愀爀戀漀渀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 洀攀琀栀愀渀攀Ⰰ 攀琀栀愀渀漀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀攀琀栀愀渀漀氀⸀ 倀漀眀攀爀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 爀愀渀最攀 昀爀漀洀 猀洀愀氀氀 昀甀攀氀 挀攀氀氀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀漀爀猀 ⠀縀㄀　圀⤀ 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 眀椀琀栀 椀渀ⴀ挀愀戀椀渀 挀爀攀眀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 挀愀洀攀爀愀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀Ⰰ 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 洀椀搀ⴀ爀愀渀最攀 ⠀㄀　　 圀 琀漀 ㄀ 欀圀⤀ 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 挀爀攀眀攀搀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 愀瘀椀漀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 䔀嘀䄀 猀甀椀琀猀 愀渀搀 琀漀漀氀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀漀戀椀氀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 挀爀攀眀 爀漀瘀攀爀猀Ⰰ 琀漀 栀椀最栀 瀀漀眀攀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀縀㜀　 欀圀⤀Ⰰ 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 栀愀戀椀ⴀ琀愀琀 戀愀挀欀甀瀀 瀀漀眀攀爀 愀渀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 愀挀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 昀氀椀最栀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀⸀ 嘀漀氀琀愀最攀 爀愀渀最攀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 爀愀渀最攀 昀爀漀洀 猀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瘀漀氀琀愀最攀 戀愀琀琀攀爀礀 爀攀瀀氀愀挀攀洀攀渀琀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 甀瀀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 栀椀最栀 ⠀㈀㜀　 嘀⤀ 瘀漀氀琀愀最攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 愀挀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀  ਀一愀渀漀洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀  Accomplishments in the field of nanomaterials in recent years have brought them to the development level where they can be considered for human spaceflight applications. Research is solicited for proposals in areas that are unique or unusual to human spaceflight, focusing on materials to be used for advanced life support, advanced extravehicular activity, direct energy conversion and energy storage. For the purpose of this solicitation, proposals for nanomaterials applications must apply to the previous sections of ALS, AEVA and Direct Energy Conversion and Storage. For example, research and technology development could include nanomaterials for application to spacesuit materials, thermal control coatings and insulators, carbon dioxide and trace contaminant removal, or energy storage, among many other applications specific to crew support technology. Proposals must utilize unique properties of nanomaterials that are not possible with conventional materials. Special emphasis will be placed on applications using single wall carbon nanotubes. ਀ T5.02 Robotics and Virtual Digital Human Technologies ਀ Human Operations in Space ਀吀栀椀猀 一䄀匀䄀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀 漀昀 䔀砀挀攀氀氀攀渀挀攀 昀漀爀 䠀甀洀愀渀 伀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 猀攀攀欀猀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀猀 昀愀挀椀渀最 栀甀洀愀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀爀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 焀甀攀猀琀 昀漀爀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 愀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 漀爀戀椀琀 愀戀漀甀琀 漀甀爀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀 愀渀搀 椀渀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 愀 瀀攀爀洀愀渀攀渀琀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 漀昀 渀攀椀最栀戀漀爀椀渀最 瀀氀愀渀攀琀猀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 昀漀爀 愀⤀ 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀Ⰰ 戀⤀ 栀甀洀愀渀⼀爀漀戀漀琀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀⤀ 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀⸀  ਀匀漀洀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 渀攀攀搀猀 愀爀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ匀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 氀漀眀 瀀漀眀攀爀 洀愀挀栀椀渀攀 瘀椀猀椀漀渀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 琀爀愀挀欀椀渀最 愀 洀漀瘀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀琀攀搀 漀戀樀攀挀琀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 愀 最攀ⴀ漀氀漀最椀猀琀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀椀渀最 愀 瀀氀愀渀攀琀愀爀礀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 琀漀 爀攀挀漀爀搀 栀椀猀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀⸀  · An aided dead reckoning / landmark navigation system to keep a record of where the geologist (or the robot) is now and where they have been. ਀뜀ऀ䴀漀搀攀氀 戀愀猀攀搀 氀愀渀搀洀愀爀欀 渀愀瘀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 愀氀氀漀眀 愀 昀爀攀攀ⴀ昀氀礀椀渀最 挀愀洀攀爀愀 瀀氀愀琀昀漀爀洀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 椀琀猀 眀愀礀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 漀甀琀猀椀搀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䤀匀匀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀椀渀最 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 戀攀愀挀漀渀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 甀瀀搀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 洀漀搀攀氀 愀猀 椀琀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀⸀  · Machine vision techniques, including the construction of image mosaics, for detection of unspeci-fied changes in objects being inspected under diverse or changing lighting and viewing conditions. ਀뜀ऀ匀攀渀猀椀渀最 琀漀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 爀椀猀欀 漀昀 挀漀氀氀椀猀椀漀渀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 椀洀愀最椀渀最 愀渀搀 琀愀爀最攀琀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀㨀  - Small, lower power, range/range-rate sensor਀ⴀऀ匀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 氀漀眀攀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀 ∀爀愀渀最椀渀最∀ 猀攀渀猀漀爀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀猀 愀 搀攀瀀琀栀 洀愀瀀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀挀攀渀攀  · System on a Chip (SOC) imager that captures InfraRed (IR) images of a scene. ਀뜀ऀ䴀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 爀漀戀甀猀琀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀⼀猀攀渀猀漀爀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 昀漀爀 洀攀愀猀甀爀椀渀最 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀愀椀渀⸀  · Sensors with integrated multiplexing to reduce wire count. ਀뜀ऀ倀爀攀ⴀ琀愀挀琀椀氀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀 ⠀渀漀渀ⴀ瘀椀猀椀漀渀 漀爀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 戀愀猀攀搀⤀⸀  ਀匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 渀攀攀搀猀 昀漀爀 栀甀洀愀渀⼀爀漀戀漀琀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䰀椀最栀琀眀攀椀最栀琀 琀愀挀琀椀氀攀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀挀攀 昀攀攀搀戀愀挀欀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀漀爀 愀眀愀爀攀渀攀猀猀 漀昀 洀愀渀椀瀀甀氀愀琀漀爀 椀渀攀爀琀椀愀Ⰰ 最爀椀瀀瀀椀渀最 昀漀爀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀漀爀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 洀漀洀攀渀琀猀 搀甀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 爀漀戀漀琀✀猀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀 眀椀琀栀 攀砀琀攀爀渀愀氀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀⸀  · Stereographic display systems that provide a large field of view (>100 degrees Horizontal Field-of-view), and high resolution (<3 arc minutes per pixel). ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀攀搀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 眀椀琀栀 䠀攀氀洀攀琀 䴀漀甀渀琀攀搀 䐀椀猀瀀氀愀礀 ⠀䠀䴀䐀⤀ 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 搀愀琀愀 椀渀 愀 䠀攀愀搀 唀瀀 䐀椀猀瀀氀愀礀 ⠀䠀唀䐀⤀ 昀漀爀洀愀琀⸀  · Techniques for capturing 360 degree video at a work site and redisplaying as a mosaiced virtual environment to the crewmembers back at the base camp. ਀뜀ऀ匀甀瀀攀爀瘀椀猀攀搀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀搀攀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀氀氀漀眀 昀漀爀 猀攀愀洀氀攀猀猀 栀甀洀愀渀⼀爀漀戀漀琀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 愀挀挀漀洀洀漀搀愀琀攀 戀漀琀栀 瀀氀愀渀渀攀搀 愀渀搀 甀渀瀀氀愀渀渀攀搀 栀甀洀愀渀 愀渀搀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 愀 琀愀猀欀 椀猀 攀猀猀攀渀琀椀愀氀⸀  · Virtual reality interfaces that make it practical for an IVA astronaut or a suited EVA astronaut to operate on-orbit free-flyer camera platforms and planetary robotic camera platforms. ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀攀爀洀椀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 愀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 最攀猀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 瘀漀椀挀攀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀猀⸀ 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 洀愀挀栀椀渀攀 瘀椀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀爀琀椀昀椀挀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀挀攀 戀愀猀攀搀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 ⠀眀椀琀栀 瀀爀漀瘀椀猀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 挀爀攀眀 漀瘀攀爀猀椀最栀琀⤀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 漀琀栀攀爀 渀漀渀ⴀ瘀椀猀椀漀渀 昀漀爀洀猀 漀昀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀 椀渀瀀甀琀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 爀漀戀漀琀⸀  · 3-D path planning and intelligent trajectory assessment feedback during teleoperations. ਀ Specific areas of improvement for robotic mechanisms include the following: ਀ · Novel drive systems, suspension systems and manipulator systems. ਀뜀ऀ吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 眀攀椀最栀琀 愀渀搀 漀爀 瘀漀氀甀洀攀 漀昀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀㨀  - Reduced scale high power-to-weight ratio actuators including magnetostrictive motors and synthetic muscles. ਀ⴀऀ䴀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀攀搀 愀挀琀甀愀琀漀爀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 愀渀搀 搀爀椀瘀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀椀挀猀⸀  - Miniaturized sensing systems for manipulator position, rate, acceleration, force and torque. ਀뜀ऀ刀漀戀漀琀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 最爀愀瀀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 洀愀渀椀瀀甀氀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 攀砀椀猀琀椀渀最 䔀嘀䄀 琀漀漀氀猀 眀栀椀氀攀 洀愀椀渀琀愀椀渀椀渀最 愀 猀洀愀氀氀Ⰰ 栀甀洀愀渀 猀椀稀攀搀 昀漀爀洀 昀愀挀琀漀爀⸀  · Compact, low power devices for operation with as well as site setup and preparation for human presence both in orbital and planetary surface exploration. ਀뜀ऀ刀攀搀甀挀攀搀ⴀ瀀愀爀琀ⴀ挀漀甀渀琀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀椀稀攀搀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 栀愀爀搀眀愀爀攀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀爀攀猀猀攀搀 最愀猀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 眀椀琀栀 漀甀琀瀀甀琀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 瘀椀愀 瘀愀氀瘀攀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀渀氀礀⤀  · Free flyer docking and recharge mechanisms. ਀ An Integrated Approach with Virtual Digital Humans and Robotic Simulations ਀一䄀匀䄀 椀猀 琀愀爀最攀琀椀渀最 愀 渀攀眀 氀攀瘀攀氀 椀渀 猀瀀愀挀攀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䌀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 挀爀攀眀 愀渀搀 最爀漀甀渀搀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 愀猀 一䄀匀䄀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀猀 渀攀眀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 洀甀氀琀椀瀀氀攀ⴀ洀愀渀渀攀搀Ⰰ 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀漀渀最 搀甀爀愀琀椀漀渀⼀搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀眀漀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 愀爀攀愀猀 昀漀爀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 攀瘀攀爀ⴀ攀瘀漀氀瘀椀渀最 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 ㌀ⴀ䐀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 爀漀戀甀猀琀渀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀挀攀⸀ 䘀甀爀琀栀攀爀洀漀爀攀Ⰰ 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 昀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 洀漀爀攀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 琀眀漀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀ 䴀漀爀攀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 椀渀琀攀爀ⴀ猀礀猀琀攀洀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 ⠀瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀ 挀漀漀爀搀椀渀愀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀 爀攀氀椀愀戀氀攀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 戀愀猀攀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀⸀  ਀倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀漀爀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 瘀椀愀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀搀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀猀Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀氀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 栀甀洀愀渀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀攀爀猀 琀漀 猀攀愀洀氀攀猀猀氀礀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 爀漀戀漀琀椀挀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最㨀  ਀뜀ऀ吀愀挀琀椀氀攀 昀攀攀搀戀愀挀欀 椀渀琀攀爀昀愀挀攀 昀漀爀 挀漀氀氀椀猀椀漀渀 愀眀愀爀攀渀攀猀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 眀漀爀欀猀瀀愀挀攀 愀渀搀 愀瘀愀琀愀爀 漀戀樀攀挀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 爀漀ⴀ戀漀琀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀  · Force feedback device for operator awareness of manipulator and payload inertia, gripping force, and forces and moments due to contact with external objects. ਀뜀ऀ匀琀攀爀攀漀最爀愀瀀栀椀挀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀ⴀ昀椀搀攀氀椀琀礀 搀攀瀀琀栀 瀀攀爀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 昀椀攀氀搀 漀昀 瘀椀攀眀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀 爀攀猀漀氀甀ⴀ琀椀漀渀⸀  · Spatial tracking for user appendages (i.e., head, arms, fingers, eyes) and avatar/robot motion ਀ Based on the new Mission Control Center System (MCCS) Architecture framework, integrated support for virtual-digital-human-in-the-loop and teleoperational interface is also the focus of this solicitation. Propos-als offering innovation in the form of 3-D visualization and simulation capabilities of robotic systems (direct manipulation, telerobotics, telepresence, etc.) with relation to the 3-D virtual-digital-human-in-the-loop concept are being sought. The application targets would be flight and ground operations development, analyses, training, and support. The main result desired is an interactive system that enhances operator and IVA/EVA task efficiency via the teleoperational technologies and distributed collaborative virtual envi-ronments. The introduction of the virtual digital human (VDH) in a virtual reality robotic scenario is necessary for task and robotic device operation, design, and testing. ਀ The core element of this project is the implementation of the Virtual Digital Human (VDH). This innova-tive human modeling technology comprises a combination of anatomical, biomechanical and anthropometric functionality to fully simulate the somatic components and systems of the human body. Based on the tenets of the Visible Human Project, this VDH technology provides the opportunity to simulate real world problems on the VDH in a simulated, virtual environment (VE). The main objective is to apply a high-fidelity VDH in a scenario that "recreates" a real world. Scenes involving the VDH imply rich, complex problems to solve or just visualize. The VDHs will have a key role in Shared VEs and truly interactive scenarios. More complex VDH embodiment increases natural interaction within the environ-ment. The users' more natural perception of each other (and of autonomous actors) increases their sense of being together, and thus the overall sense of shared presence in the environment. ਀ Immersive technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), virtual digital human (VDH), and 3-D simulation modeling, have become a significant vehicle for NASA's effort to generate and communicate knowl-edge/understanding to K-12 levels through university/academic institutions to continuing education modalities. The ability to share aerospace-related operation simulations such as International Space Station and Space Shuttle/Space Transport System (STS) operations, Robotics, Intravehicular/Extravehicular activities, Mission Control Center (MCC) conduct, interplanetary space flight, and microgravity simulation provides opportunity for educational and commercial growth for NASA and its research and development partners. ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 吀㘀 䬀攀渀渀攀搀礀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀  ਀吀㘀⸀　㄀ 䈀愀琀琀攀爀礀氀攀猀猀Ⰰ 圀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀 刀攀洀漀琀攀 匀攀渀猀漀爀猀  ਀倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 戀愀琀琀攀爀礀氀攀猀猀Ⰰ 眀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀Ⰰ 猀攀渀猀漀爀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 椀渀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 漀昀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 猀瀀愀挀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 刀愀瀀椀搀 琀甀爀渀愀爀漀甀渀搀Ⰰ 挀漀甀瀀氀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀最栀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀猀Ⰰ 眀椀氀氀 渀攀挀攀猀猀椀琀愀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 戀攀 搀攀渀猀攀氀礀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 栀椀最栀 昀椀搀攀氀椀琀礀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 渀攀攀搀 椀猀 眀攀氀氀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀攀搀 愀渀搀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 洀椀挀爀漀洀愀挀栀椀渀攀搀 愀渀搀 眀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀爀攀 甀渀搀攀爀眀愀礀 琀漀 洀攀攀琀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 最漀愀氀猀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 洀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 渀攀眀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 猀琀椀氀氀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 漀渀ⴀ戀漀愀爀搀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 戀愀琀琀攀爀椀攀猀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 爀攀愀猀漀渀猀 漀昀 眀攀椀最栀琀Ⰰ 氀漀渀最攀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 愀爀攀 漀昀琀攀渀 渀漀琀 愀 昀攀愀猀椀戀氀攀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 椀渀 洀愀渀礀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 渀漀 氀椀渀攀 漀昀 猀椀琀攀 椀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀Ⰰ 氀椀洀椀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀爀漀最愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 爀愀搀椀漀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀礀 ⠀刀䘀⤀ 猀椀最渀愀氀猀⸀  ਀吀栀攀爀攀昀漀爀攀Ⰰ 渀攀眀 挀氀愀猀猀攀猀 漀昀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀爀攀 渀攀攀搀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 椀渀琀攀爀爀漀最愀琀攀搀 爀攀洀漀琀攀氀礀 甀猀椀渀最 刀䘀 猀椀最渀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀 猀椀最渀愀氀 琀栀愀琀 攀渀挀漀搀攀猀 戀漀琀栀 琀栀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀✀猀 椀搀攀渀琀椀琀礀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 愀渀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀㬀 愀渀搀 搀漀攀猀 琀栀椀猀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 戀愀琀琀攀爀椀攀猀⸀ 䌀甀爀爀攀渀琀 氀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀猀 琀眀漀 琀礀瀀攀猀 漀昀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 洀攀攀琀 琀栀椀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀ⴀ洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 猀攀洀椀ⴀ愀挀琀椀瘀攀⸀ 倀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 栀愀瘀攀 渀漀 漀渀ⴀ戀漀愀爀搀 猀琀愀琀椀挀 攀渀攀爀最礀 猀琀漀爀愀最攀 愀渀搀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀 椀渀 愀渀 攀挀栀漀 洀漀搀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀挀漀洀椀渀最 猀椀最渀愀氀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 愀渀 刀䘀 瀀甀氀猀攀Ⰰ 攀砀挀椀琀攀猀 琀栀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀Ⰰ 椀琀 琀栀攀渀 爀攀爀愀搀椀愀琀攀猀 猀漀洀攀 洀漀搀椀昀椀攀搀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 刀䘀 瀀甀氀猀攀 攀渀挀漀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 匀攀洀椀ⴀ愀挀琀椀瘀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 琀愀欀攀 攀渀攀爀最礀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀爀漀最愀琀椀漀渀 猀椀最渀愀氀 愀渀搀 猀琀漀爀攀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀 攀渀愀戀氀攀 琀栀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀 愀 猀椀最渀愀氀Ⰰ 戀攀昀漀爀攀 猀栀甀琀琀椀渀最 搀漀眀渀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 渀漀琀 挀氀攀愀爀 眀栀椀挀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀眀漀 挀氀愀猀猀攀猀 椀猀 洀漀爀攀 愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀漀甀猀㬀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 洀愀礀 渀漀琀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 愀猀 椀渀琀攀渀猀攀 愀渀 刀䘀 猀椀最渀愀氀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 搀愀琀愀 攀渀挀漀搀椀渀最 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 氀愀爀最攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀猀 漀昀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 洀愀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 氀漀最椀挀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 漀渀氀礀 戀攀 椀渀挀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀攀搀 漀渀琀漀 愀 猀攀洀椀ⴀ愀挀琀椀瘀攀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀⸀  ਀伀渀攀 挀氀愀猀猀 漀昀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 栀愀猀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 愀琀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀 氀愀琀攀氀礀 椀猀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 眀愀瘀攀猀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀椀猀 挀愀猀攀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀爀搀椀最椀琀愀氀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀搀攀猀 氀漀挀愀琀攀搀 漀渀 愀 瀀椀攀稀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 ⠀攀⸀最⸀Ⰰ 焀甀愀爀琀稀⤀ 愀挀琀 愀猀 愀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀椀渀最 愀渀琀攀渀渀愀⸀ 圀栀攀渀 愀渀 刀䘀 瀀甀氀猀攀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀搀攀猀 挀愀甀猀攀 愀 猀甀爀昀愀挀攀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 眀愀瘀攀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瀀愀最愀琀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 眀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀渀 瀀愀猀猀攀猀 戀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀攀琀猀 漀昀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀搀攀猀 挀愀甀猀椀渀最 猀洀愀氀氀 刀䘀 瀀甀氀猀攀猀 琀漀 戀攀 攀洀椀琀琀攀搀 ⠀漀爀 愀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀漀爀 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 猀攀渀搀 琀栀攀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 眀愀瘀攀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀搀攀猀⤀ 眀栀漀猀攀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀椀洀攀 搀攀氀愀礀猀 ⠀愀渀搀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀礀 愀洀瀀氀椀琀甀搀攀猀⤀ 攀渀挀漀搀攀 戀漀琀栀 琀栀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀✀猀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀栀攀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀 戀攀椀渀最 猀攀渀猀攀搀⸀ 匀甀挀栀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 猀栀漀眀渀 琀漀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 ⠀猀琀爀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀愀椀渀⤀Ⰰ 戀漀琀栀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀⸀  ਀䄀猀 猀琀愀琀攀搀 愀戀漀瘀攀Ⰰ 愀渀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀漀 愀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 漀渀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀挀焀甀椀爀攀搀 椀琀猀 瀀漀眀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 椀渀挀漀洀椀渀最 刀䘀 瀀甀氀猀攀Ⰰ 爀攀挀琀椀昀礀椀渀最 愀渀搀 昀椀氀琀攀爀椀渀最 椀琀 琀漀 挀栀愀爀最攀 愀 挀愀瀀愀挀椀琀漀爀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 攀渀攀爀最礀 眀漀甀氀搀 琀栀攀渀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 琀甀爀渀 漀渀 挀椀爀挀甀椀琀爀礀Ⰰ 爀攀愀搀 愀 猀攀渀猀漀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 戀爀漀愀搀挀愀猀琀 愀渀 攀渀挀漀搀攀搀 猀椀最渀愀氀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 愀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀爀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 洀椀最栀琀 愀氀氀漀眀 猀洀愀氀氀攀爀 愀渀搀 搀攀渀猀攀爀 瀀愀挀欀椀渀最 漀昀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 琀栀愀渀 琀栀愀琀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 匀䄀圀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 栀椀最栀攀爀 刀䘀 瀀漀眀攀爀猀⸀ 䄀氀猀漀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀攀爀 瀀漀眀攀爀 刀䘀 琀爀愀渀猀洀椀琀琀攀爀猀 瀀漀猀攀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 戀漀琀栀 琀漀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀猀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀漀 昀氀椀最栀琀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 猀漀 猀甀挀栀 愀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 眀漀甀氀搀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 挀愀爀攀昀甀氀氀礀 琀栀漀甀最栀琀 漀甀琀⸀  ਀䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 猀攀渀猀漀爀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䠀甀渀搀爀攀搀猀 漀昀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 洀漀甀渀琀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀欀椀渀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 刀䘀 椀渀琀攀爀爀漀最愀琀漀爀 琀栀愀琀 猀挀愀渀渀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 攀愀挀栀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 漀渀挀攀 瀀攀爀 猀攀挀漀渀搀Ⰰ 挀漀渀猀琀愀渀琀氀礀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 栀攀愀琀 氀漀愀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 漀爀 栀甀渀搀爀攀搀猀 漀昀 猀琀爀愀椀渀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 戀攀椀渀最 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 琀爀愀挀欀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 搀椀猀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 攀砀攀爀琀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 挀愀猀攀猀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 洀椀最栀琀 渀漀琀 戀攀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 ㈀　 琀漀 ㌀　 昀攀攀琀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 刀䘀 猀漀甀爀挀攀⼀爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀 猀栀漀爀琀攀爀 椀渀琀攀爀爀漀最愀琀椀漀渀 搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 最漀愀氀 琀栀漀甀最栀 椀猀 琀漀 洀椀渀椀洀椀稀攀 爀甀渀渀椀渀最 挀愀戀氀攀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀Ⰰ 礀攀琀 猀琀椀氀氀 漀戀琀愀椀渀 愀 氀愀爀最攀 愀洀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 搀愀琀愀⸀  · Such sensors would be incorporated into the thermal protection system (TPS) of a future vehicle, e.g., located under foam, or even under the tiles of the Space Shuttle. In this application a field in-spector would carry a transmitter/receiver with a short (3-4 feet) sensing range that could scan the flight hardware during ground processing. Possibly, such sensors could be used to sense water in-trusion under the TPS, abnormal stresses, or out of range temperatures during fueling operations. ਀뜀ऀ吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 渀攀攀搀 昀漀爀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 琀椀爀攀猀 漀昀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 琀栀攀 匀栀甀琀琀氀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀漀挀愀琀椀渀最 愀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 攀愀挀栀 琀椀爀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀猀猀甀爀愀渀挀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀椀氀漀琀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀 挀愀渀 氀愀渀搀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 欀渀漀眀渀 琀栀愀琀 匀䄀圀 搀攀瘀椀挀攀猀 愀爀攀 椀渀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 椀琀 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀 昀椀爀猀琀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 猀甀挀栀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 昀漀爀 琀椀爀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最⸀  ਀吀㘀⸀　㈀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 䠀椀最栀 吀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 䄀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 䰀椀渀攀爀猀  ਀䰀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀 猀攀瘀攀爀攀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 瘀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 氀漀愀搀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀 愀昀昀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瀀愀搀Ⰰ 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀Ⰰ 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀Ⰰ 渀攀愀爀戀礀 最爀漀甀渀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀⸀ 䤀渀琀攀渀猀攀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 氀漀愀搀猀 愀渀搀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀ⴀ洀攀渀琀 愀爀攀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀椀最栀 瘀攀氀漀挀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 栀椀最栀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 爀漀挀欀攀琀ⴀ攀渀最椀渀攀 攀砀栀愀甀猀琀 猀琀爀攀愀洀 洀椀砀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀洀戀椀攀渀琀 愀琀洀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 氀漀愀搀猀 愀挀琀 愀猀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 漀昀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 瘀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀氀 氀漀愀搀猀 搀甀爀椀渀最 氀愀甀渀挀栀⸀ 匀甀戀猀琀愀渀琀椀愀氀 洀椀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 椀猀 挀爀椀琀椀挀愀氀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀椀渀最 漀昀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 挀漀洀瀀漀渀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 瀀愀礀氀漀愀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀⸀ 倀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 漀昀 猀漀甀渀搀 洀椀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 愀琀琀爀愀挀琀椀瘀攀 愀猀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 攀挀漀渀漀洀椀挀愀氀 愀渀搀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀⸀ 匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 ㈀　　㌀ 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 氀椀洀椀琀攀搀 琀漀Ⰰ 琀栀漀猀攀 氀椀猀琀攀搀 戀攀氀漀眀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 栀椀最栀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 氀椀渀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 搀甀挀琀攀搀 攀砀栀愀甀猀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀Ⰰ 挀愀瀀愀戀氀攀 漀昀 眀椀琀栀猀琀愀渀搀ⴀ椀渀最 栀椀最栀 攀砀栀愀甀猀琀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀 甀瀀 琀漀 ㌀　　　 뀀䘀 漀瘀攀爀 愀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 昀爀攀焀甀攀渀挀椀攀猀⸀  · Develop and test a scale model to validate the impedance of the acoustic liner. ਀ In addition, vibration and acoustic research in the following areas are also of interests: ਀ · Study the effects of acoustic emissions on structures by testing and analysis ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 琀漀漀氀 琀漀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀攀 琀栀攀 爀漀挀欀攀琀 瀀氀甀洀攀猀 椀洀瀀椀渀最椀渀最 漀渀 挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 愀渀搀 甀渀挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 昀氀愀洀攀 搀攀昀氀攀挀琀漀爀猀⸀  · Develop finite element method to predict the random vibration response on launch pad compo-nents including open trusses, frames, concrete slabs and beams, and corrugated metal enclosures ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀渀愀氀礀琀椀挀愀氀 琀漀漀氀猀 琀漀 猀椀洀甀氀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 椀琀猀 瘀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 漀渀 氀愀甀渀挀栀 瀀愀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀猀 愀渀搀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀⸀  · Develop high-frequency acoustic sensors ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 吀㜀 䰀愀渀最氀攀礀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀  ਀吀㜀⸀　㄀ 倀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀 䄀椀爀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 昀漀爀 刀甀爀愀氀Ⰰ 刀攀最椀漀渀愀氀 愀渀搀 䤀渀琀爀愀ⴀ唀爀戀愀渀 伀渀ⴀ䐀攀洀愀渀搀 吀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀  ਀一䄀匀䄀 椀猀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀椀渀最 瀀爀攀氀椀洀椀渀愀爀礀 搀攀猀椀最渀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀 漀昀 倀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀 䄀椀爀 嘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀ⴀ最椀攀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀 漀昀 愀甀最洀攀渀琀椀渀最 漀渀ⴀ搀攀洀愀渀搀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀愀琀椀漀渀 洀漀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 挀愀瀀愀挀椀琀礀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀琀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀猀 琀漀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀 琀栀攀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 爀愀搀椀挀愀氀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 欀攀礀 洀攀琀爀椀挀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀氀礀 椀渀栀椀戀椀琀 洀愀爀欀攀琀 最爀漀眀琀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀⸀ 䤀渀椀琀椀愀氀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 眀椀氀氀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ琀攀爀洀Ⰰ 渀攀砀琀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀 䄀瘀椀愀琀椀漀渀 挀氀愀猀猀 漀昀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 昀漀氀氀漀眀ⴀ漀渀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀椀渀最 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀猀 漀渀 洀椀搀ⴀ琀攀爀洀 愀渀搀 氀漀渀最ⴀ琀攀爀洀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 倀䄀嘀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 眀椀氀氀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 愀爀攀愀猀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 最漀愀氀猀⸀  ਀뜀ऀ刀攀搀甀挀椀渀最 猀洀愀氀氀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀 渀漀椀猀攀 戀礀 ㌀　 倀一䰀搀戀 愀琀 愀 㔀　　ᤀ†猀椀搀攀氀椀渀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 攀焀甀愀琀椀渀最 琀漀 愀 琀攀渀ⴀ昀漀氀搀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 渀漀椀猀攀 猀漀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 愀爀攀 渀漀 渀漀椀猀椀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 洀漀ⴀ琀漀爀挀礀挀氀攀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 椀渀琀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 攀昀昀漀爀琀 椀猀 琀漀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀 琀栀愀琀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀猀 椀渀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀猀 琀栀攀猀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀攀挀栀ⴀ渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀攀爀洀椀琀 琀栀攀洀 琀漀 戀攀 最漀漀搀 渀攀椀最栀戀漀爀猀⸀  · Reducing the aircraft acquisition cost on the order of 60% from current price levels while still at relatively modest production volumes. This effort will include investigation of advanced quality assurance certification processes and procedures, instead of the current quality control methods. Significant industry investment has not occurred because a sizable market is not envisioned at cost levels where only a small fraction of the population can enter the market. Future production of such vehicles could be on the scale of limited production luxury cars, however the demonstration of affordable vehicles at relatively low volume is a critical step for market growth that would pro-vide the capital for rapid expansion. ਀뜀ऀ匀椀洀瀀氀椀昀礀 琀栀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀椀爀挀爀愀昀琀 猀甀挀栀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀椀稀攀搀 猀欀椀氀氀猀Ⰰ 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 愀渀搀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀搀 琀爀愀椀渀椀渀最 愀爀攀 爀攀搀甀挀攀搀 琀漀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 挀漀洀瀀愀爀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀渀最 愀渀 愀甀琀漀洀漀戀椀氀攀 漀爀 戀漀愀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀 搀甀爀椀渀最 渀攀愀爀ⴀ愀氀氀ⴀ眀攀愀琀栀攀爀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀 氀攀瘀攀氀 漀昀 猀愀昀攀琀礀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 猀甀瀀攀爀椀漀爀 琀漀 挀漀洀ⴀ瀀愀爀愀戀氀攀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀搀愀礀⸀  ਀䴀椀搀ⴀ琀攀爀洀 愀渀搀 氀漀渀最ⴀ琀攀爀洀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 挀漀甀氀搀 愀氀猀漀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 猀栀漀爀琀 昀椀攀氀搀 氀攀渀最琀栀 琀愀欀攀漀昀昀 愀渀搀 氀愀渀搀椀渀最 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀ 䤀洀瀀氀椀挀椀琀 琀漀 愀氀氀 琀栀攀猀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 攀渀栀愀渀挀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀愀昀攀琀礀Ⰰ 瘀攀爀猀愀琀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 攀愀猀攀 漀昀 攀渀琀爀礀Ⰰ 椀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 瘀椀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 挀漀猀琀⸀  ਀䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 搀攀猀椀爀攀搀 漀渀 挀甀爀爀攀渀琀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 愀爀攀愀猀 昀漀爀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀攀渀琀✀猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 瀀愀爀琀渀攀爀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 一䄀匀䄀 漀渀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 愀渀琀椀挀椀瀀愀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀戀猀礀猀琀攀洀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀渀搀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 漀渀 猀攀氀攀挀琀攀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 漀爀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀⸀  ਀吀㜀⸀　㈀ 一漀渀ⴀ䐀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀瘀攀 䔀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 䠀攀愀氀琀栀 䴀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 䰀椀昀攀 䐀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䄀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 嘀攀栀椀ⴀ挀氀攀猀⼀匀礀猀琀攀洀猀  ਀䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀氀礀 瘀椀愀戀氀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 愀爀攀 戀攀椀渀最 猀漀氀椀挀椀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 爀攀猀椀氀椀攀渀琀 猀瀀愀挀攀  qualified non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and health-monitoring technologies for on-orbit inspection and ਀洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 䄀搀瘀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 洀甀氀琀椀ⴀ昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀攀渀猀漀爀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ  autonomous inspection approaches, distributed/embedded sensors, roaming inspectors, and shape adaptive ਀猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀⸀ 䌀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 椀渀 挀漀洀瀀甀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 昀漀爀 猀椀最渀愀氀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 愀渀搀 搀愀琀愀 椀渀琀攀爀瀀爀攀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀  establish quantitative characterization and event determination are also of interest. Evaluation sciences ਀椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 甀氀琀爀愀猀漀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 氀愀猀攀爀 甀氀琀爀愀猀漀渀椀挀猀Ⰰ 漀瀀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 昀椀戀攀爀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 猀栀攀愀爀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀Ⰰ 瘀椀搀攀漀 漀瀀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 洀攀琀爀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ  thermography, electromagnetics, acoustic emission, x-ray, management of digital NDE data, biomimetic, ਀愀渀搀 渀愀渀漀ⴀ猀挀愀氀攀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 昀漀爀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最⸀  ਀ ਀吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 洀愀礀 戀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 琀漀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䄀搀栀攀猀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 猀攀愀氀愀渀琀猀Ⰰ 戀攀愀爀椀渀最猀Ⰰ 挀漀愀琀椀渀最猀Ⰰ 最氀愀猀猀攀猀Ⰰ 愀氀氀漀礀猀Ⰰ 氀愀洀椀渀愀琀攀猀Ⰰ 洀漀渀漀氀椀琀栀椀挀猀Ⰰ 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 戀氀攀渀搀猀Ⰰ 眀椀爀攀 椀渀猀甀氀愀琀椀渀最 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀Ⰰ 眀攀氀搀洀攀渀琀猀  · Thermal protection systems ਀뜀ऀ䌀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀 愀渀搀 栀礀戀爀椀搀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀  · Low density and high temperature materials ਀뜀ऀ䄀最椀渀最 眀椀爀椀渀最  ਀吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 洀愀礀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀㨀  ਀뜀ऀ䌀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀椀渀最 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀  · Assessing effects of defects in materials and structures ਀뜀ऀ䔀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀愀猀猀ⴀ氀漀猀猀 椀渀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀  · Detecting cracks, porosity, foreign material, inclusions, corrosion, disbonds ਀뜀ऀ䐀攀琀攀挀琀椀渀最 挀爀愀挀欀猀 甀渀搀攀爀 戀漀氀琀猀  · Real time and in situ monitoring, reporting, and damage characterization for structural durability ਀愀渀搀 氀椀昀攀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀漀渀  · Repair certification ਀뜀ऀ䔀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀愀氀 猀攀渀猀椀渀最  · Planetary entry aeroshell validation਀뜀ऀ䴀椀挀爀漀ⴀ洀攀琀攀漀爀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀 搀愀洀愀最攀 愀猀猀攀猀猀洀攀渀琀 · Electronic system/wiring integrity assessment; wire insulation integrity and condition(useful life) and arc location for failed insulation ਀뜀ऀ䌀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 氀漀愀搀 攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀 漀渀 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 最攀漀洀攀琀爀椀攀猀 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最  thermal protection systems and bonded configurations ਀뜀ऀ䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 氀漀愀搀猀 攀砀挀攀攀搀椀渀最 搀攀猀椀最渀  · Monitoring loads for fatigue and preventing overloads ਀뜀ऀ匀甀瀀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 氀漀愀搀猀  · Early detection of damage ਀뜀ऀ䤀渀 猀椀琀甀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最  ਀匀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 一䐀䔀 愀渀搀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 愀 瘀愀爀椀攀琀礀 漀昀  high stress and hostile aero-thermo-chemical service environments projected for complex structural ਀愀攀爀漀猀瀀愀挀攀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀 愀甀琀漀渀漀洀漀甀猀Ⰰ 渀漀渀ⴀ挀漀渀琀愀挀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 爀攀洀漀琀攀Ⰰ  rapid, and less geometry sensitive technologies that reduce weight and acquisition costs or improve system ਀猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀椀琀礀Ⰰ 猀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 挀漀猀琀猀⸀  ਀ TOPIC T8 Marshall Space Flight Center ਀ T8.01 Realistic Non-Nuclear Testing of Nuclear Systems ਀ NASA recently announced the Project Prometheus Program. One goal of the program is to use nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) to send a sophisticated probe to Jupiter's moons. A successful NEP flight will rely heavily on a viable approach to development and flight qualification testing of the NEP system. An important part of that testing approach will be realistic non-nuclear testing. ਀ NEP systems can be designed to allow highly realistic non-nuclear testing. Such testing can be used to develop and qualify systems in all areas except those strongly affected by radiation damage. Realistic non-nuclear testing is particularly valuable for near-term missions, in that the relatively low required power levels lead to a relatively low neutron flux and hence reduced radiation damage concerns. Realistic non-nuclear testing is required for flight unit acceptance testing because full power nuclear tests cannot be performed on the actual NEP flight unit. ਀ Specific areas of interest in this solicitation include innovative high fidelity, long-life thermal simulators (used to mimic heat from fission), innovative, non-obtrusive approaches to instrumentation (e.g. tempera-ture, pressure, and strain measurement), and innovative testing approaches. Peak system temperatures during testing are expected to reach 1300 K, and peak thermal simulator temperature could be significantly higher. ਀ ਀吀伀倀䤀䌀 吀㤀 匀琀攀渀渀椀猀 匀瀀愀挀攀 䌀攀渀琀攀爀  ਀吀㤀⸀　㄀ 刀漀挀欀攀琀 倀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 吀攀猀琀椀渀最 匀礀猀琀攀洀猀  ਀倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 愀爀攀 猀漀甀最栀琀 昀漀爀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀爀攀愀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀猀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 倀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 爀攀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 漀瘀攀爀愀氀氀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 琀攀猀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 挀漀猀琀猀 ⠀爀攀挀甀爀爀椀渀最 挀漀猀琀猀⤀ 愀渀搀⼀漀爀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀攀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 瀀爀漀瀀甀氀猀椀漀渀 最爀漀甀渀搀 琀攀猀琀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀渀搀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 洀攀琀栀漀搀漀氀漀最椀攀猀⸀ 䄀猀 愀 洀椀渀漀爀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 愀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 琀漀瀀椀挀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀昀昀攀爀漀爀 洀愀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 爀攀氀愀琀攀搀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀愀戀氀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 愀最攀渀挀礀ᤀ猠 攀搀甀挀愀ⴀ琀椀漀渀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 琀栀攀 攀渀栀愀渀挀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 攀渀最椀渀攀攀爀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀琀栀攀洀愀琀椀挀猀 椀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 琀攀愀挀栀椀渀最 琀漀漀氀猀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀猀⸀  匀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 愀爀攀愀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 猀甀戀琀漀瀀椀挀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀氀氀漀眀ⴀ椀渀最㨀 ਀䘀愀挀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 吀攀猀琀 䄀爀琀椀挀氀攀 䠀攀愀氀琀栀ⴀ䴀漀渀椀琀漀爀椀渀最 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀攀猀 · Innovative, non-intrusive sensors for measuring flow rate, temperature, pressure, rocket engine plume constituents, and effluent gas detection. Sensors must not physically intrude at all into the measurement space. Sub-millisecond response time is required. Temperature sensors must be able to measure cryogenic temperatures of fluids (as low as 160R for LOX and 34R for LH2) under high pressure (up to 15,000 psi), high flow rate conditions (2000 lb/sec - 82 ft/sec for LOX, 500 lb/sec - 300 ft/sec for LH2). Flow rate sensors must have a range of up to 2000 lb/sec (82 ft/sec) for LOX and 500 lb/sec (300ft/sec) for LH2. Pressure sensors must have a range up to 15,000 psi. Rocket plume sensors must determine gas species, temperature, and velocity for H2, O2, hydrocarbons (kerosene), and hybrid fuels. ਀뜀ऀ刀甀最最攀搀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀 ⠀　⸀㈀─⤀Ⰰ 昀愀猀琀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀椀渀最 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 瘀攀爀礀 栀椀最栀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 昀氀漀眀 爀愀琀攀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 瀀椀瀀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀⸀ 吀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀猀 漀昀 昀氀甀椀搀猀 ⠀愀猀 氀漀眀 愀猀 ㄀㘀　刀 昀漀爀 䰀伀堀 愀渀搀 ㌀㐀刀 昀漀爀 䰀䠀㈀⤀ 甀渀搀攀爀 栀椀最栀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 ⠀甀瀀 琀漀 ㄀㔀Ⰰ　　　 瀀猀椀⤀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 昀氀漀眀 爀愀琀攀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 ⠀㈀　　　 氀戀⼀猀攀挀 ⴀ 㠀㈀ 昀琀⼀猀攀挀 昀漀爀 䰀伀堀Ⰰ 㔀　　 氀戀⼀猀攀挀 ⴀ ㌀　　 昀琀⼀猀攀挀 昀漀爀 䰀䠀㈀⤀⸀ 刀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 琀椀洀攀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 漀爀搀攀爀 漀昀 愀 昀攀眀 洀椀氀氀椀猀攀挀漀渀搀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀ⴀ洀椀氀氀椀猀攀挀漀渀搀猀⸀  · On-line (real-time) sampling of percent concentration of pressurizing nitrogen in liquid oxygen systems. Instrumentation must be capable of sub-millisecond sampling of nitrogen percent concentration at cryogenic temperatures (as low as 160R for LOX and 34R for LH2), pressures up to 15,000 psi, and high flow rate conditions (2000 lb/sec - 82 ft/sec for LOX, 500 lb/sec - 300 ft/sec for LH2). ਀뜀ऀ伀渀ⴀ氀椀渀攀 ⠀爀攀愀氀ⴀ琀椀洀攀⤀ 猀愀洀瀀氀椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 栀椀最栀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 昀氀漀眀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 漀砀礀最攀渀ⴀ渀椀琀爀漀最攀渀 洀椀砀ⴀ琀甀爀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 渀攀攀搀 昀漀爀 爀攀愀氀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 琀漀琀愀氀氀礀 渀漀渀ⴀ椀渀琀爀甀猀椀瘀攀 椀渀猀琀爀甀洀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 栀椀最栀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀Ⰰ 栀椀最栀 昀氀漀眀 爀愀琀攀 䰀伀堀 猀礀猀琀攀洀猀Ⰰ 栀愀瘀椀渀最 琀栀攀 挀愀瀀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀挀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀栀攀洀椀ⴀ挀愀氀 猀瀀攀挀椀攀猀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䰀伀堀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 洀愀礀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀⸀ 䄀渀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 琀栀攀 搀攀琀攀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 一㈀ 椀渀 愀 䰀伀堀 昀氀漀眀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 一㈀ 椀猀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀椀稀攀 琀栀攀 䰀伀堀 搀攀氀椀瘀攀爀礀 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 攀砀瀀愀渀搀愀戀氀攀 琀漀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 瀀爀漀瀀攀氀氀愀渀琀猀⸀  ਀䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 䜀爀漀甀渀搀ⴀ吀攀猀琀 伀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 匀愀昀攀琀礀Ⰰ 䌀漀猀琀ⴀ攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀渀攀猀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 刀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 · Smart system components (control valves, regulators, and relief valves) that provide real-time closed-loop control, component configuration, automated operation, and component health. Com-ponents must be able to operate in cryogenic temperatures (as low as 160R for LOX and 34R for LH2 ) under high pressure (up to 15,000 psi) high flow rate conditions (2000 lb/sec - 82 ft/sec for LOX , 500 lb/sec - 300 ft/sec for LH2 ). Components must be able to operate in the elevated tem-peratures associated with a rocket engine testing environment. Response time must be on the order of a few milliseconds to the sub-milliseconds. ਀뜀ऀ䤀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 氀漀渀最 氀椀昀攀Ⰰ 氀椀焀甀椀搀 漀砀礀最攀渀 挀漀洀瀀愀琀椀戀氀攀 猀攀愀氀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 䴀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 猀甀椀琀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 漀砀礀最攀渀 猀攀爀瘀椀挀攀 愀琀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀猀 甀瀀 琀漀 ㄀　Ⰰ　　　 瀀猀椀⸀ 䈀漀琀栀 挀爀礀漀最攀渀椀挀 愀渀搀 攀氀攀瘀愀琀攀搀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 挀愀渀搀椀搀愀琀攀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 愀爀攀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀ 吀礀瀀椀挀愀氀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 爀愀渀最攀猀 眀椀氀氀 戀攀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 洀椀渀甀猀 ㌀㈀　뀀 䘀 琀漀 ㄀　　뀀 䘀 漀爀 洀椀渀甀猀 㐀　뀀 䘀 琀漀 ㌀　　뀀 䘀⸀ 匀攀愀氀 搀攀猀椀最渀猀 洀愀礀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀 戀漀琀栀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 愀渀搀 猀琀愀琀椀挀 甀猀攀⸀ 倀氀愀猀琀椀挀Ⰰ 洀攀琀愀氀 漀爀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 洀愀琀攀爀椀愀氀猀 漀爀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀攀爀攀漀昀 愀爀攀 漀昀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀⸀  · Miniature front-end electronics to support embedding of intelligent functions on sensors. Re-quirements include computational power comparable to a 200 Mhz PC with approximately 32 MB of RAM and similar non-volatile storage, analog I/O (at least two of each, with programmable amplification and anti-aliasing filters, plus automatic calibration) digital I/O (at least eight), com-munication port for Ethernet bus protocol (one high speed and one low speed), support for C programming (or other high level language), and development kit for a PC. The package should occupy a space no larger than 4" x 4" x 2". The system should include an embedded temperature sensor, an embedded stable voltage calibration source, and programmable switching to connect calibration source inputs and outputs. ਀뜀ऀ一攀眀 愀渀搀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀攀渀猀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 甀猀攀 椀渀 愀 爀漀挀欀攀琀 瀀氀甀洀攀 攀渀瘀椀ⴀ爀漀渀洀攀渀琀⸀ 䌀甀爀爀攀渀琀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 漀昀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀渀最 昀愀爀ⴀ昀椀攀氀搀 愀渀搀 渀攀愀爀ⴀ昀椀攀氀搀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 戀礀 爀漀挀欀攀琀 攀渀最椀渀攀猀 爀攀氀礀 漀渀 攀洀瀀椀爀椀挀愀氀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 愀渀搀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 渀甀洀攀爀漀甀猀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 一攀眀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 愀挀挀甀爀愀琀攀氀礀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀 琀栀攀 愀挀漀甀猀琀椀挀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀 甀猀椀渀最 昀攀眀攀爀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 一攀眀Ⰰ 椀渀渀漀瘀愀ⴀ琀椀瘀攀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 攀渀攀爀最礀 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 猀栀漀眀 瀀爀漀洀椀猀攀 愀猀 爀攀瀀氀愀挀攀洀攀渀琀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 漀氀搀攀爀 洀漀搀攀氀猀⸀  · Modeling of atmospheric transmission attenuation effects on test spectroscopic measurements. Atmospheric transmission losses can be significant in certain wavelength regions for radiometric detectors located far from the rocket engine exhaust plume. Consequently, atmospheric losses can result in over-prediction of the incident radiant flux generated by the plume. Accurate atmospheric transmission modeling is needed for high-temperature rocket engine plume environments. The ca-pabilities should address both the losses from ambient atmosphere and localized environments, such as condensation clouds generated by cryogenic propellants.਀ Application of System Modeling to Ground Test Operations in a Resource Constrained Environment਀뜀ऀ一攀眀 椀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀攀猀 琀漀 椀渀挀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀椀渀最 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀 愀渀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀椀渀最 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 ⠀瀀爀攀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀愀氀 氀漀最椀挀Ⰰ 昀甀稀稀礀 氀漀最椀挀Ⰰ 渀攀甀爀愀氀 渀攀琀猀Ⰰ 攀琀挀⸀⤀ 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀攀猀琀 猀礀猀琀攀洀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 洀愀欀椀渀最 愀渀搀 漀瀀ⴀ攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䄀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀 攀砀椀猀琀猀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀Ⰰ 愀瀀瀀氀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀爀愀椀渀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀琀 愀最攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 戀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀愀氀 渀攀琀眀漀爀欀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀漀最椀挀 猀琀爀攀愀洀猀 昀漀爀 爀漀挀欀攀琀 攀渀最椀渀攀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最 洀漀搀攀猀 漀昀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀愀挀琀椀挀攀⸀ 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 洀甀猀琀 漀瀀攀爀愀琀攀 猀琀愀琀椀猀琀椀挀愀氀氀礀 眀攀氀氀 漀渀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀瀀愀爀愀琀攀 搀愀琀愀 猀漀甀爀挀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀椀渀最 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀猀 愀爀攀 椀渀昀攀爀攀渀ⴀ琀椀愀氀Ⰰ 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀礀 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀 琀愀挀椀琀 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀氀椀挀椀琀 欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀⸀ 匀琀愀琀椀猀琀椀挀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀攀搀⸀  · Techniques to reduce required sample size to maintain acceptable levels of confidence in cost data. In order to leverage appropriate models and to manage the cost of data acquisition and main-tenance, the minimization of required data sample sizes is critical. ਀뜀ऀ䴀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 搀愀琀愀 愀爀攀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀琀 漀昀 最爀漀甀渀搀 琀攀猀琀椀渀最⸀  䠀椀最栀 愀挀挀甀爀愀挀礀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀Ⰰ 甀渀挀攀爀琀愀椀渀琀礀 戀愀渀搀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀爀爀漀爀 戀愀渀搀猀 愀爀攀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀愀琀愀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 焀甀愀渀琀椀昀椀攀搀⸀  吀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀 愀渀搀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 琀漀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 昀漀爀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 琀攀猀琀 昀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 愀爀攀 爀攀ⴀ焀甀椀爀攀搀⸀   ਀  Appendix A: Phase I Sample Table of Contents਀ Part 1: Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………………Page 3਀倀愀爀琀 ㈀㨀 ऀ䤀搀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 匀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䤀渀渀漀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 Part 3: Technical Objectives਀倀愀爀琀 㐀㨀 ऀ圀漀爀欀 倀氀愀渀 Part 5: Related R/R&D਀倀愀爀琀 㘀㨀 ऀ䬀攀礀 倀攀爀猀漀渀渀攀氀 愀渀搀 䈀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 漀昀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 刀攀氀愀琀攀搀 圀漀爀欀 Part 7: Relationship with Phase II or Future R/R&D਀倀愀爀琀 㠀㨀 ऀ䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 䤀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䘀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀 Part 9: Subcontracts and Consultants਀倀愀爀琀 ㄀　㨀 ऀ䌀漀洀洀攀爀挀椀愀氀 䄀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 倀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀⸀   Part 11: Similar Proposals and Awards਀ ਀䄀瀀瀀攀渀搀椀砀 䈀㨀  䔀砀愀洀瀀氀攀 䘀漀爀洀愀琀 昀漀爀 䈀爀椀攀昀椀渀最 䌀栀愀爀琀 ਀ ਀਀